














































































































































PRESENTED BY 
























A 


LATIN READER, 

INTENDED AS A 

COMPANION 

TO THE 

AUTHOR’S LATIN GRAMMAR. 


WITH 

REFERENCES, SUGGESTIONS, NOTES AND VOCABULAPvY. 


ALBERT I1ARKNESS, 

if ? 

PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY. 


REVISED EDITION. 


NEW YORK: 

E>. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 

549 & 551 BROADWAY. 

1875. 




Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S65, hy 
ALBERT HARKNESS, 

In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of Rhode Island 


Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Gift 

Edson L. Whitney 


DEC 8 - 1938 


PREFACE 

TO THE REVISED EDITION. 


The object of the present revision is to adapt the 
Reader to the Revised Edition of the author’s Grammar. 
* ccordingly, all references are made to that edition. 

But, in connection with this special object, it has been 
lglit best to give the whole work a somewhat careful 
sion. Various slight changes have, therefore, been in- 
laced in different portions of the volume. In Part 
it a few sentences and constructions, deemed too diffi- 
' ;Yc, have given place to others, which will be found, it is 
>ed, better adapted to the wants of the learner. 

The method of instruction adopted in the series of 
tin text-books to which this volume belongs requires 
t the Reading Lessons should be accompanied by regu¬ 
lar Exercises in translating English into Latin. Ample 
provision is made for such exercises in the author’s Intro¬ 
duction to Latin Composition, which is intended to be put 
into the hands of the pupil when he begins the Reader, 
and to be used in weekly lessons throughout his entire 
preparatory course. That, in general, such exercises should 
form a regular progressive series, and be published in a 
separate volume, scarcely admits of a doubt; but, for the 
accommodation of certain schools, in which a large propor- 





IV 


FEEFACE TO THE EEVISED EDITION. 


tion of the pupils pursue the study of th^ Latin only a very 
limited time, it has been deemed advisable to insert Part 
First of the Latin Composition in a special edition of the 
Reader. This arrangement will furnish such schools the 
full benefit of an elementary drill in Latin Composition, 
without involving the necessity of procuring a separate 
work upon that subject. The special edition will be en¬ 
titled the “ Reader with Exercises.” The title of the reg¬ 
ular edition will remain unchanged. 

Providence, December 15, 1874. 


PEEPACE. 


The Latin Reader now offered to the public is intended as 
a companion to the author’s Latin Grammar. It comprises 
Reading Lessons, Suggestions to the Learner, Notes, and a 
Vocabulary. 

The Reading Lessons are abundantly supplied with refer¬ 
ences to the Grammar, and are arranged in two parts. 

Part First presents a progressive series of exercises illus¬ 
trative of grammatical forms, inflections, and rules. These 
exercises are intended to accompany the learner from the very 
outset in his progress through the Grammar, and thus to fur¬ 
nish him the constant luxury of using the knowledge which he 
is acquiring. They have been carefully selected from classical 
authors. 

Part Second illustrates connected discourse, and comprises 
Fables, Anecdotes, and History. The Anecdotes have been 
selected from various classical sources; the other portions have 
been derived chiefly from the Lateinisches Elementarbuch of 
Professors Jacobs and Doring, though, in the Grecian History, 
Arnold’s Historiae Antiquae Epitome, founded upon the work 
of Jacob and Doring, has furnished a few extracts. The His¬ 
torical selections were, with a few exceptions, derived originally 
from the Latin historians Eutropius, Justin, and Cornelius 
Nepos. 





VI 


PREFACE. 


The Suggestions to the Learner are intended to direct the 
unskilful efforts of the beginner, and thus to enable him to do 
for himself much which would otherwise require the aid of his 
teacher, and to do easily and pleasantly much which would 
otherwise be difficult and repulsive. They aim to point out to 
him the process by which he may most readily and surely reach 
the meaning and the structure of a Latin sentence, and then to 
teach him to embody that meaning in clear idiomatic English. 
Experience has abundantly shown the need of some such direc¬ 
tions. The beginner’s first efforts to solve the problem pre¬ 
sented by a Latin sentence are too often little' better than a 
series of unsuccessful conjectures, while his first translations 
are purely mechanical renderings, with little regard either to 
the thought of his author or to the proprieties of his mother 
tongue. 

The Notes aim to furnish such collateral information as will 
.enable the learner to appreciate the subject matter of his read¬ 
ing lessons, and such special aid as will enable him to surmount 
real and untried difficulties. Grammatical references can be 
employed only to solve grammatical difficulties; and, though 
for this purpose they are absolutely invaluable, it is yet a mis¬ 
take to suppose that they can ever supply the place of com¬ 
mentary. 

In the Vocabulary, the aim has been to give to each word 
the particular meanings which occur in the reading lessons, 
without omitting, however, its essential and leading signifi¬ 
cation. 

At the solicitation of many eminent classical Professors and 
Teachers, the author has it in contemplation to publish an In¬ 
troduction Xo Latin Composition, consisting of two parts, the 
first intended for the beginner, and the second for the more 
advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been 


PREFACE. Vii j 

made simply a Reader, and all Exercises in writing Latin liavc 
been reserved for a future volume. 

With this statement of the design and plan of the work, the | 
author commits it to classical instructors, in the hope that, in 
their hands, it may render some useful service in the important 
work of classical instruction. 


Providence, Aug, 21st, 1865. 







CONTENTS 


-»♦»- 

PART FIRST. 

GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. 

PAGK 

Nouns. 1 

Adjectives. 3 

Pronouns. 4 

Verbs. 5 

Syntax of Nouns. 9 

Agreement of Nouns. 9 

Nominative. 10 

Vocative. 10 

Accusative. 10 

Dative. 13 

Genitive. 16 

Ablative. 19 

Syntax of Adjectives. 26 

Syntax of Pronouns.:. 26 

Syntax of Verbs. 28 

Agreement. 28 

Indicative. 28 

Subjunctive. 29 

Imperative. 35 

Infinitive. 35 

Gerunds and Gerundives. 37 

Supines. 39 

Participles. 39 

Syntax of Particles. 40 






























X 


CONTENTS. 


PART SECOND. 

LATIN SELECTIONS. 

PAGB 

Fables. 41 

Anecdotes. 45 

Roman History. 62 

Period I. Italian and Roman kings. 62 

II. Roman Struggles and Conquests. 68 

III. Roman Triumphs.... 1.. 65 

IY. Civil Dissensions. 72 

Grecian History.*... 80 

Period I. Grecian Triumphs. 80 

II. Civil Ware in Greece. 84 

III. Graeco-Meoedonian Empire. 89 

Suggestions to the Learner. 99 

Notes. 109 

Latin-English Vocabulary. 139 
















EXPLANATIONS OF REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS. 


Tiie reference numerals in the Latin text, and in the Suggestions, 
refer to the author’s Latin Grammar, the Revised Edition. 

In the Notes and Vocabulary, the Arabic numerals refer, when 
enclosed in parentheses, to articles in this work; and, when not 
thus enclosed, to articles in the Grammar. 

Roman numerals refer to the Suggestions. 

The following abbreviations occur: 


adj. 


lit. 


adv. 


m. 


comp... 


n. 


conj- 


part. 


defect... 


pass.. 


dep. 


plur. or pi.. 

. .plural. 

f. 


prep. 


impers.. 


pron. 


indec ... 

... indeclinable. 

subs. 


interj... 


superl. 


irreg.... 




































FAR T FIRST. 


GEAMMATICAL EXERCISES. 


xouxs. 

Definition, Gender, etc.—39-42; 44-47. 

First Declension.—48. 

Note. —Before reading the Latin Exercises, the pupil is expected, in 
every instance, to learn carefully those portions of the Grammar which are 
embraced in the large type of the sections designated. 

1. 1. Ala, ala, alae, 1 alam, alarum, alis, alas. 2. 
Victoria, victoria, victoriae, victoriam, victoriarum, vic- 
toriis, victorias. 3. Causae, fortunae, portae. 4. Causa, 
fortuna, porta. 5. Causam, fortunam, portam. 6. Cau- 
sarum, fortunarum, portarum. 7. Causis, fortunis, portis. 
8. Causas, fortunas, portas. 

Second Declension.—51. 

Rule II.— Appositives. —363 ; 352, 2. 

2. 1. Dominus, dommi, domino, donnnum, domme, 
dominorum, dommis. 2. Gener, generi, genero, gene- 
rum, generorum, generis, generos. 3. Servi, anni. 
4. Pueri, soceri. 5. Agri, magistri. 6. Templi, belli. 
7. Servis, annis. 8. Puero, socero. 9. Agrorum, ma- 
gistrorum. 10. Templa, bella. 


1 When the same Latin form may be found in two or more cases, the 
pupil is expected to give the meaning for each case. 




2 


LATIN READER. 


. 11. Lucus, Stella. 12. Luci, stellae. 13. Lucum, 
stellam. 11. Luco, stella. 15. Lucorum, stellarum. 
16. Lucis, stellis. 17. Lucos, Stellas. 

18. Dionysius tyrannus. 1 19. Dionysio tyranno. 
20. Dionysium tyrannum. 21. Tullia reglna. 22. 
Tulliae reglnae. 23. Tulliam reglnam. 21. Puer 
Ascanius. 


Third Declension.—Class I.—57-61. 

Rule XVI. — Genitive. — 395. 

3. 1 . Principis, principum. 2. Dux, duces. 3. 
Regem. reges. 1. Regis, militis. 5. Regi, militi. 6. 
Rege, milite. 7. Reges, milites. 8. Regmn, mill turn. 

9. Regibus, militibus. 

10. Yirtus regis. 3 11. Yirtutes regum. 3 12. Yin- 
dex libertatis. 13. Yindices libertatis. 11. Xepotibus 
regis. 15. Yirtute regis. 16. Yirtute mil!turn. 

17. Belli causa. 18. Belli causas. 19. Yictoria 
regis. 20. Yictoriae regis. 21. Gener judicis. 22. 
Sapientia judicis. 23. Regis filia. 21. Tullia, regis 
filia. 


Third Declension.—Class II. —62-61. 

Rule XXXII. — Gases with Prepositions. —132-135. 

4. 1. Xubi, nube, nubium. 2. Ilostem, hostes, hos- 
tibus. 3. Carmina, carmimbus. 1. Consulis, passeris. 

5. Consulum, passerum. 6. Consul] bus, passenbus. 7. 
Leoni, yirgini. 8. Leones, virgmes. 9. Patrem, pas- 
torem. 10. Patres, pastores. 11. Opus, corpus. 12. 
Alam avis. 13. Custbdes urbis. 

11. Cicero consul. 1 15. Ciceronis consulis. 16. Ci- 
ceronem consulem. 17. Xepos consulis. 3 18. Xepotes 


1 See Grammar, 363. 


2 395. 



ADJECTIVES. 


3 


consulis. 19. Reputes consul am. 20. Pater judicis. 
21. Patres judicuin. 22. Patribus judicum. 

23. Post Romiili mortem. 1 21. Apud Herodotum, 
patrem liistoriae. 25. Ad virtutem. 26. Ante lucein. 
27. Contra naturam. 28. Sermo de amicitia. 3 29. Pro 
patria. 30. Sine labore. 31. In amnem. 3 32. In bello.* 

Fourth Declension.— 116. 

5. 1 . Fructus, corn us. 2. Fructibus, cornibus. 3. 
Can turn, currum. 4. In currum. 5. In curru. 6. So¬ 
lis ortus. 7. Ab ortu ad occasum. 8. Ante solis 
occasum. 

Fifth Declension.—120. 

6 . 1. Acies, aciem, aciei. 2. Diei, faciei. 3. Rei, 
spei. 4. Diem, faciem. 5. l^em, spem. 6. Die, facile. 

7. Re, spe. 

8. In aciem. 9. In acie. 10. Facies urbis. • 11. 
Spes fortunae. 12. Contra spem. 13. Sine spe. 


ADJECTIVES. 

First and Second Declensions.— 148-150. 

Rule XXXIII. — Agreement of Adjectives. — 438. 

7. 1. Servus bonus. 2. Servi boni. 3. Servo bono. 
4. Servum bonum. 5. Serve bone. 6. Servorum bono- 
rum. 7. Servis bonis. 8. Servos bonos. 9. Regina 
bona. 10. Reginae bonae. 11. Reglnam bonam. 12. 
Regina bona. 13. Reginlirum bonarum. 14. Reginis 
bonis. 15. Reginas bonas. 16. Exemplum bonum. 
17. Exempli boni. 18. Exempla bona. 


*432, 433. 


432, 434. 


9 435, 1. 




4 


LATIN HEADER. 


19. Puer pulcher. 20. Puella pulchra. 21. Tectum 
pulclirum. 22. Pueri pulcliri. 23. Puellae pulchrae, 
24. Tecta pulchra. 

25. Yera amicitia. 26. Gladius longus. 27. Magna 
gloria. 28. Spes falsa. 29. Siue magno labore. 30. 
Modius aureorum annulorum. 

Third Declension.— 152-158. 

8. 1 . Dolor acer. 2. Sine dolore acri. 3. Dolores 
acres. 4. Ilostis crudelis. 5. Hostem crudelem. 6. 
Hostium crudelium. 7. Hiems glacialis. 8. Hiemein 
glacialem. 9. Carmen dulce. 10. Carmma dulcia. 
11. Innumerabiles fabulae. 

Comparison of Adjectives.— 160-162. 

9. 1 . Triumphus clarus. 2. Triumphus clarior. 
3. Triumphus clarissimus. 4. Triumphi clari. 5. Tri- 
umphi clariores. 6. Triumphi clarissimi. 7. Yir fortis. 
8. Yir fortior. 9. Yir fortissimus. 10. Sapiens vir. 
11. Sapientior vir. 12. Sapientissimus vir. 

13. Fortissimi viri. 14. Fortissimorum virormn 
multitudo. 15. Pentus dux. 16. Peritissimi duces. 
17. Bella funestissima. 


PEONOUNS. 

Classification and Declension of Pronouns.— 182-191. 
Rule XXXIV, — Agreement of Pronouns, — 445 ; 445, 1. 

10. 1 . Mei. 2. Tibi. 3. Inter se. 1 4. Ad te. 
5. Pro nobis. 6. Post me. 7. Ante nos. 8. Patria 
mea. 2 9. Nostra patria. 10. Magister tuus. 11. Tua 
mens. 12. Nostri milites. 13. Nostrae amicitiae. 






VERBS. 


5 


14. Ad salutem vestram. 15. Ad vitam suam. 1G. Hie * 1 
vir. 17. Haec urbs. 18. Hoc regnumt 19. Hujus 
viri. 20. In liac urbe. 21. Haec regna. 22. Illi viri. 
23. Pro illis viris. 24. Ante hunc diem. 25. Sub lioc 
rege. 26. Pastor illlus regionis. 27. Idem locus. 28. 
In eundem locum. 29. Circa eandem lioram. 30. Id 
tempus. 31. Ab ipsa natura. 32. Ii ad quos. 2 33. Quae 
ci vitas ? 34. Ab all quo. 35. Faustulus quidam. 


VERBS. 

Introduction.— 192-197; 199-203. 

Verb Sum.—204. 

Rule III.— Subject Nominative. —367. 

Rule XXXV.— Agreement of Verb with Subject. —460. 
Rule I.— Predicate Nouns. —362. 

11. 1. Aristides 3 justus 4 fuit. 5 2. Justus * est. 8 3. 
Justus erat. 4. Justi sumus. 6 5. Justi fueramus. 6. 
Justi erimus. 7. Justi simus. 8. Justi fuissemus. 
9. Cato sapiens erat. 10. Sapiens fuerat. 11. Sapien- 
tes eritis. 12. Sa}3ientes fuistis. 13. Sapiens es. 14. 
Sapientes este. 15. Lex brevis est. 16. Lex brevis 
esto. 17. Leges breves sunt. 18. Leges breves sunto. 
19. Ego consul 7 fui. 20. Cicero consul fuit. 21. Cicero 
consul fuerat. 

First Conjugation.— 205, 206. 

Rule V. —Direct Object .—371. 

12 . 1. Amat, amant. 2. Amabat, amabant. 3. 


* Justus agrees with the pronoun is, he, the omitted subject of cst. 

1 438, 1. 4 438. *460; 460,2. 

2 445. 6 460. 7 362. 

* 367. 





6 


LATIN READER. 




Amaverat, amaverant. 4. Am aver it, amaverint. 5. 
Amet, ament.- 

6. Laudat, laudatur. 7. Laudant, laudantur. 8. Lau- 
dabat, laudabatur. 9. Laudabant, laudabantur. 10. 
Laudet, laudetur. 11. Landent, laudentur. 

12. Orationem 1 laudo. 13. Orationem laudamus. 
14. Orationes laudabimus. 15. Oratio laudatur. 16. 
Orationes laudantur. 17. Yirtutem amatis. 18. Yir¬ 
tutem amabitis. 19. Yirtus amatur. 20. Yirtus 
amata 3 est. 21. Ego patriam liberavi. 22. Patriam 
liberaverunt. 23. Patria liberata est. 24. Ancus ur- 
bem ampliavit. 25. Marius fugatus 3 est. 26. Fugati 
erant. 27. Socrates accusatus est. 

Second Conjugation.— 207, 208. 

13. 1 . Moneo, moneor. 2. Monebam, monebar. 
3. Monebo, monebor. 4. Moneam, monear. 5. Mone- 
rem, monerer. 6. Monui, monuimus. 7. Monuerat, 
monuerant. 8. Monueris, monueritis. 9. Monuerim, 
momtus sim. 10. Monuissemus, moniti essemus. 
11. Monete, monentor. 

12. Terrebat, terrebatur. 13. Terrebant, terreban- 
tur. 14. Terreret, terreretur. 15. Terrerent, terrerem 
tur. 16. Territus sum, territi sumus. 17. Territus es, 
territi estis. 18. Territus est, territi sunt. 

19. Gloriam 1 veram 3 babes. 20. Gloriam habebis. 
21. Equites gladios babebant. 22. Gladios habuerunt. 
23. Gladium babuisti. 24. Homo babet memoriain. 
25. Cum Pomanis 4 pacern liabuimus. 26. Pacem liabue- 
ramus. 27. Pacem babebimus. 28. Cyrus omnium in 
exercitu 6 suomilitum nomina tenebat. 


1 371. 

3 460, 1. 


3 438. 

4 432, 434. 


435, 1. 





VERBS. 


7 


Third Conjugation.— 209, 210. 

Rule LI.— Use of Adverbs.— 58 2. 

14. 1. Rego, regor. 2. Regimus, regimur. 3. Re- 
git, regitur. 4. Regunt, reguntur. 5. Rege, regite. 

6. Regendi, regendo. 7. Rectus eram, recti eramus. 

8. Spero, pareo, duco. 9. Speras, pares, ducis. 10. 
Speramus, paremus, ducimus. 11. Sperabam, parebam, 
ducebam. 12. Sperabant, parebant, ducebant. 13. Spe- 
ravi, parui, duxi. 14. Speravimus, paruimus, duximus. 

15. Speraverunt, paruerunt, duxerunt. 

16. Deus omiiem hunc mundum regit. 17. Deus 
iHiindum semper 1 rexit. 18. Deus mundum regebat. 
19. Deus mundum reget.' 20. Cicero ad Atticum 2 scri- 
bit. 21. Ad te saepe scribam. 22. Cicero multos 
libros scripsit. 23. Ad amicum de amicitiii 3 scripsi. 
24. Librum de senectute scripserat. 25. Quid dixisti ? 
26. Nihil dixi. 27. Quid dixistis? 28. Multa de ami- 
citifi diximus. 29. Ilaec recte dixistis. 30. Ilic liber 
ad te scriptus est. 

r 

Fouiun Conjugation.—211, 212. 

15. 1. Audiebat, audiebant. 2. Audiebatur, audie- 
bantur. 3. Audiam, audiemus.- 4. Audiar, audiemur. 
5. Audivit, audiverunt. 6. Audltus est, audlti sunt. 

7. Audiveram, audiveramus. 8. Audltus eram, audlti 

eramus. 

9. Sperat, paret, ducit, scit. 10. Sperant, parent, 
ducunt, sciunt. 11. Spe^rabat, parebat, ducebat, sciebat. 

12. Sperabamus, parebamus, ducebamus, sciebamus. 

13. Sperabo, parebo, ducet, sciet. 

14. Tullus bellum finlvit. 15. Bellum finiverat. 16. 


1 582. 


2 433. 


3 434. 



8 


LATIN READER. 


Bellum finltum est. 17. Ilic dies Graeciae libertatem 
liniet. 18. Cives templum custodiunt. 19. Templa cus- 
todiemus. 20. Templum custodlte. 21. Brutus Mace- 
doniam custodiebat. 22. Hanc provinciam custodlmus. 
23. Hoc audiyimus. 24. A yobis audlmur. 

Verbs in 10, Third Conjugation. —221-223. 

16 . 1. Romani urbem capiunt. 2. Urbes capiebant. 
3. Urbem capiemus. 4. Haec urbs capietur. 5. Urbes 
capientur. 6. Regulus captus est. 7. Milites arma ca¬ 
piunt. 8. Scipio Carthaginem cepit. 9. Praefecti regii 
Eretriam ceperunt. 10. Regis pater fugit. 11. Fugie- 
bat. 12. Lacedaemonii fugiunt. 13. Fugerunt. 14. 
Xerxes in Asiam fugerat. 

Deponent Verbs.—225-230. 

17 . 1 . Coriolanus populatin’ agrum 1 Romanum. 2. 
Pyrrhus Campaniam depopulatus est. 3. Milites agros 
depopulabantur. 4. Hoc facinus rex miratur. 5. Hoc 
miramur. 6. Puer laudem meretur. 7. Laudem mere- 
ris. 8. Laudem merentur. 9. Gloria virtutem sequitur. 
10. Ascanium secutus est Silvius. 11. Justitiam sequi- 
mur. 12. Justitiam sequemur. 13. Cum Scipione lio-. 
norem partlmur. 14. Id opus inter se partiuntur. 

Periphrastic Conjugation.—231, 232. 

18 . 1 . Virtutem laudaturi sumus. 2. Virtus lau- 
danda est. 3. Quid laudaturus es ? 4. Bonitatem lau- 
daturns sum. 5. Omnia 2 sunt laud and a, quae 3 con- 
juncta cum virtute sunt. 6. Quid vituperandum est? 
7. Omnia sunt vituperanda, quae cum vitiis conjuncta 


J 371. 


9 441 . 


3 445. 







SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


9 


sunt. 8. Gloriam veram habiturus es. 9. Gloriam 
yeram liabituri sumus. 10. Cicero ad Atticum scriptu- 
rus erat. 11. Epistola scribenda est. 12. Orator audi- 
endus est. 13. Senatores CicerOnem audituri erant. 


SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


Agreement of Nouns. 


Rule I .—Predicate Nouns .— 362. 


19. 1. Mercurius nuntius erat. 2. Furius consul 
erat. 3. Homo sum. 1 4. Bacclius erat vini 2 deus . 3 5. 

Somnus est imago mortis. 6. Ilistoria testis temporum 
liabetur. 7. Historia magistral* vitae habetur. 8. So- 
crates parens pbilosophiae dicitur. 9. Brutus homo mag- 
mis evaserat. 10. Nos causa 4 * 6 belli sumus. 11. Nautius 
et Furius consules h erant. 6 


Rule II.— Apposilives .— 363, 


20. 1 . Dionysius tyrannies expulsus est. 2. Dema- 
ratus, regis pater, fugit. 3. Apud Ilerodotum, patrem 
liistoriae, sunt innumerabiles fabulae. 4. Hannibal Sa- 
guntum, foederatam urbem, expugnavit. 5. Tkemisto- 
cles 7 veni ad te. 6. Cato litteras Graecas senex 8 didicit. 
7. Junius aedem Salntis, quam consul voverat, dictator 
dedieavit. 8. Socratem, sapientissimum 9 virum, Athe- 
nienses interfeeerunt. 


1 460, 2. 

2 395. 

3 51, 5. 


4 362, 1, 1). 

6 362, 1, 2). 

6 463, II. 


7 363, 2. 

8 363, 3. 

9 162. 






10 


LATIN READER. 


Nominative. 

Rule III.— Subject Nominative. —367. 

21. 1. Ciinc ta Graecia liberata est. .2. Patria mea 
est mundus. 3. Paulus consul 1 regem ad Pydnam su- 
peravit. 4. Philosophia inventrix leg wm fuit. 5. Om¬ 
nium malorum stultitia est mater. 6. Non 2 omnis error 
stultitia est. 7. Quot Kommes , 3 tot sententiae. 

Vocative. 

Rule IV. — Case of Address. — 360. 

22 . 1. Disce, puer , virtutem. 2. Tu, mi 4 Cicero , 
liaee accipies. 3. Te, Minerva , custos urbis, precor ac 
quaeso. 4. Audite, judices. 5. Disce, puer , virtutes. 
6. Amici , diem perdidi. 7. Conservate, judices , liunc 
hommern. 


Accusative. 

Rule V .—Direct Object. —371. 

23. 1 . Accepi tuas epistolas. 2. Labor omnia vincil. 
3. Animus regit corpus. 4. Nostra nos patria delectat. 
5. Miltiades totam 5 Graeciam liberavit. C. Sophocles 
tragoedias fecit. 7. Studia adolescentiam alunt, senectu- 
tem oblectant. 8. Romulus Pomam condidit. 9. Ava- 
ritia probitatem subvertit. 10. Virtus conciliat amicitias. 
11. Virtus amicitiam gignit. 

12. Vestri patres earn vitam 6 vixerunt. 13. Mi rum 
somnium * somniavi. 14. Pacem 7 desperavi. 15. Se- 


J 3C3. 

2 582. 

3 460, 3. 


4 185. 

5 151. 


6 371, 1, 3). 

7 371, 3. 





SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


11 


quani Ariovisti crudelitatem 1 horrebant. 16. Brutum 
Homanae inatronae luxerunt. IT. Milites invadunt ur¬ 
ban? 18. Acicm 8 circumvenerunt. 19. Caesar agrum 
Picenum percnrrit. 20. Periculosissimum 3 locum sum 
praetervectus. 21. Gennfuii flumen transierunt. 

Rule VI .—Two Accusatives—Same Person. —373. 

24. 1. Cicerdnem universus populus consulem decla- 
ravit. 2. Romulus urbem Bomam vocavit. 3. Fecit 
heredemfiliam. 4. Socrates totius 1 * * 4 mundi se civem ar- 
bitrabatur. 5. Cato cellam penariam rei publicae nos- 
trae, nutricem plebis Romanae Siciliam nominavit. 6. 
Praesta te virum . 7. Senatus Catillnam hoslem judicavit. 
8. Senatus Paulum consulem creavit. 9. Socrdtem Apollo 
sapientissimum & judicavit. 10. Mesopotamiam fertilem 
efficit Euphrates. 11. Tiresiam sapientem fingunt 
poetae. 12. Polycrdtem felicem appellabant. 

Rule VII .—Two Accusatives—Person and Thing. —314. 

25* 1. Te tua fata docebo. 2. IIoc me docuit usus, 
magister 6 egregius. 3. Fortuna belli artemvictos 7 docet. 
4. Augustus nepotes suos litteras docuit. 5. Antigonus 
iter omnes 8 celat. 6. Pacem te poscimus. 7. Boeotii 
auxilia regem orabant. 8. Cato interrogatus est senten- 
tiam. 9. Marcius omnes artes edoctus fuerat. 

10. Auxilium a Caesare 9 petierunt. 11. Te illud 10 
admoneo. 12. Te id consiilo. 13. Hannibal nonaginta 


1 371, 3. 

3 371, 4. 

8 162. 

4 151. 


5 373, 3. 

6 363. 

7 576. 


* 441, 1. 

9 374, 3, 3). 

10 374. 5. 





12 


LATIN READER. 


millia 1 peditum Tberum 1 traduxit. 14. Belgae Rhe- 
num 1 transducti sunt. 

Rule VIII .—Accusative of Time and Space '.— 378. 

26. 1. Servius Tullius regnavit annos quattuor 1 2 3 et* 
quadraginta. 2. Appius Claudius caecus annos multos 
fuit. 3. Quaedam bestiolae unum diem vivunt. 4. Dio¬ 
nysius quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occu- 
pavit. 5. Caesar duas fossas quindecim pedes latas 
perduxit. 6. Milites aggerem altum pedes octoginta 
exstruxerunt. 7. Arabes gladios babebant longos qua- 
terna cubita. 8. Urbs quinque dierum iter abest. 

Rule IX .—Accusative of Limit .— 379. 

27, 1. Cicero Athenas venit. 2. Regulus Carthagi- 
nem rediit. 3. Hannibal Capuam concessit. 4. Cicero 
maximum numerum frumenti 4 Romam misit. 5. Dio¬ 
nysius navigabat Syracusas. 6. Curius elepbantos 
quattuor Romam duxit. 

7. Aurum domum & comportant. 8. Ego rus ibo. 8 
9. Yeni consulis domum. 10. YeiTes Delum venit. 
11. Pausaniam Cyprum miserunt. 12. Hannibal in 
hiberna 7 Capuam concessit. 13. Legiones ad urbem 
adducit. 14. Darius in Asiam rediit. 

15. Consules Romam redlbant. 10. Cicero domum 
redierat. 17. Consules in Graeciam venerant. 18. 
Publius Scipio in Ilispaniam missus est. 19. Cives 
rus fugient. 20. In Etruriam missus erat. 21. Tullia 
in forum properavit et regem salutavit. 


6 295. 

7 379, 4. 


1 374, 6. 

2 174. 

3 308, 310, 1. 


4 395. 

5 379, 3 ; 119, 1. 




SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


13 


Rule X .—Accusative of Specification. —380. 

28. 1. Equus tremit artus. 2. Aeneas 1 caedit ni- 
grantes terga juvencos. 3. Hannibal femur ictus cecidit. 
4. Hannibal ariimum incensus est. 

5. Haec vis valet multum? 6. Ilaec vis idem potest. 
7. Hervii nihil possunt. 8. Thebani nihil inoti sunt. 
9. Quid hostis potest ? 10. Quid venisti ? 11. Quid 
plura 3 disputo ? 


Rule XI. — Accusative in Exclamations. — 381. 

29. 1. O praeclaram vitam ! 2. O spectaculum mi- 

serum ! 3. O tempora , o mores ! Senatus conjurationem 

intelligit, consul videt. 4. O vim maximam 4 erroris! 
5. O clementiam admirabilem ! 


Dative. 

Rule XII. — Dative with Verbs. —384. 

30. 1. Hon scholae , sed vitae discimus. 2. Omnes 
homines libertdti student. 3. Germani labdri ac duritiae 
student. 4. Ego philosophiae semper vaco. 5. Pietdti 
summa 6 tribuenda 6 laus est. G. Hon solum nobis divites 
sumus, sed liber is, amicis , maximeque reipublicae. 

7. Philosophiae nos tradimus. 8. Graeci homines 
honores tribuunt iis viris , qui tjrannos necaverunt. 9. 
Hon placidam membris dat cura quietem. 10. Omnes, 
quum valemus, recta consilia aegrotis 7 damns. 


1 50. 

2 380, 2. 

3 165, 1. 


2 


4 165. 

5 163, 3. 


6 232. 

7 441. 






14 


LATIN READER. 


31. Dative of Advantage and Disadvantage. —385. 

—1. Probus 1 invidet nemmi. 2. Homines hominibus\>YO 
sunt. 3. Hocet alteri. 4. Consulatus meus placuit 
Catoni. 5. Dioni crudelitas tyranni displicebat. 6. 
Tliemistocles persuasit 7. Parti ' 1 civium consu- 

lunt. 8. Milites non mulieribus, non inf antibus peper- 
cerunt. 9. Hemo liber est, qui corjoori servit. 

32. Dative with Compounds. —386.—1. Pelopidas 
omnibus affu it periculis. 2. Hatura sensibus 3 rationem 
adjunxit. 3. Leges omnium 4 salutem singulorum 4 saluti 
anteponunt. 4. Parva magnis saepe 5 conferuntur. 6 

5. Hannibal terrorem injecit exercitui PomanOrum. 

6. Aristides interfuit jpugnae navilli apud Salammem. 

7. Consiliis interdum obstat fortuna. 8. Homines homi- 

nibus plurimum 7 et prosunt et obsunt. 9. Consules 
libertdti suas opes 8 postferebant. 6 10. Bona existimatio 
divitiis praestat. 11. Tu virtutem praefer 6 divitiis. 
12. Quidam succumbunt doloribus . 13. Hcque deero 9 

neque superero 9 rei publicae. 

33. Dative of Possessor. —387.—1. Fuere Zydis 
multi reges. 2. Hon semper idem floribus 10 est color. 
3. Est lionos eloguentiae. 

34. Dative of Apparent Agent. —3S8.—1. Caesari 
omnia erant agenda. 2. Diligentia colenda est nobis. 
3. Multa videnda sunt oratori. 4. Cui non sunt haec 
audita ? 

35. Miscellaneous Examples.—1. Ilaec sententia 


1 441. 

3 3S5, 3. 
* 386, 1. 


5 582. 

6 292, 2. 

7 380, 2. 


8 133, .1. 

9 288. 

10 83. 







- 




SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


15 


consuli placuit. 2. Romulus civitati profuit. 3. Cives 
legibus parebant. 4. Yobis suramam 1 laudem tribuimus. 
5. Darius, rex Persarum, Graecis 2 bellum intulit. 6. 


Leonidas se 3 periculis obtulit. 


Rule XIII. —Two Datives—To Which and For Which. — 390. 

36. 1. Yirtutes hominibus deco'ri sunt. 2. Yirtutes 
i omimbus gloriae sunt. 3. Probitas est omnibus 4 amori. 

4. Crudelitas est omnibus odio . 5. Yirtus neque datur 

dono neque accipitur. 6. Pausanias, rex 5 Lacedaemoni- 
orum, venit Atticis auxilio .. 

7. Hoc vitio mild dant. 8. Idne 8 alteri 7 crimini 
dabis, quod tu ipse fecisti? 9. Caesar legiones duas 8 
castris praesidto relinquit. 10. Ilunc sibi domicilio 
locum delegerunt. 

Eule XIY. —Dative with Adjectives. — 391. 

37, 1. Yeritas mild grata est. 2. GratissTmae 9 mihi 
tuae litterae 10 fuerunt. 3. Patria Ciceroni erat caris- 
sima. 4. Id Deo est proximum, 11 quod est optimum. 12 

5. Minime 13 sibi quisque notus est. 6. Morti nihil est 
tam simile, quam somnus. 14 7. IIomTnum generi cultura 
agrorum est salutaris. 8. Belgae proximi sunt Germdnis . 
9. Iis , qui vendunt, justitia necessaria est. 10. Pax 
nobis omnibus fuit optabilis. 

Rule XY. —Dative with Derivatives. — 392. 

33, 1. Esto obtemperatio institutis populorum. 


1 163, 3. 

2 334, II. 
9 448. 


1 441, 2. 

8 175. 

9 162. 

10 132. 


6 346, II. 1. 


11 166. 
12 165. 


4 441. 
6 363. 


13 305, 2 ; 165. 

14 417, 1. 







16 


LATIN HEADER. 


2. Insidiae consult non procedebant. 3. Convenienter 
naturae vivimus. 4. Philosophus sibi constanter conve- 
nienterque dicit. 


Genitive. 

Rule XVI. — Genitive with Nouns. —395, 396. 

39. 1. Pietas fundamentum 1 est omnium virtutum. 
2. Ira est initium insaniae. 3. Sapientia est rerum divi- 
narum et huinanarum scientia. 4. Xona diei liora erat. 

I. Subjective Genitive. —1. Yultus sermo ' quidam 9 
taeitus 9 mentis est. 2. Xostri indites impetum hostium 
sustinuerant. 3. Themistocles non effugit civium sub- 
rum invidiam. 4. Yentdrum pater regit navem. 5 .Sin- 
gulorum facultates divitiae 1 sunt civitdtis. 

II. Objective Genitive. —1. Crescit amor nummi . 
2. Animi morbi sunt cupiditates divitidrum , gloriae , 
voluptatum. 

III. Partitive Genitive. —1. Justitia nihil exp-tit 

praemii, nihil pretii . 2. Conon pecuniae quinquaginta 

talenta civibus suis donavit. 3. Permagnum pond us ar- 
genti fuit. 4. Socrates omnium 3 sapientissimus 4 5 jndica- 
tus est. 5. Galldrum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae. 
6. Ubinam gentium 5 sumus ? Y. Satis eloquentiae 6 fuit, 
sapientiae parum. 

IY. Genitive of Characteristic.— 1. Tarquiniti 3 
fratrem habuit Aruntem, 7 mitis ingenii juvenem. 


1 362. 8 396, III. 3) (2). 6 39£, III. 4) (2). 

5 438; 438, 1. 4 162, * 390, III. 4) (1). 






SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


17 


2. Atlienienses belli ducem 1 eligunt Periclem, 1 spectatae 
virtutis virum. 3 3. Classem 3 septuaginta 4 navium 
Atlienienses Miltiadi 3 dederunt. 

Y. Genitive of Specification. —1. Cyri nomen 5 ac- 
cepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis f 3. Yirtutes coiv- 
tinentiae , gravitatis, justitiae, fidei, omni lionore 6 dignae 
sunt. 4. Germaniae vocabiilum recens est. 5. Domini 
appellationem semper 7 exliorruit Augustus. 

Rule XVII. — Genitive with Adjectives. — 399. 

40, 1. Avida est periculi virtus. 2. Haec aetas vir- 
tutum ferax est. 3. Consc'a mens recti i amae 8 menda- 
cia 9 ridet. 4. Romani appetentes 10 glorioe atque 11 avidi 
laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentionis sunt cupidiores 13 
quam veritatis. C. Epaminondas fuit peritus belli, veri- 
tdtis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei militaris erat. 
8. Socrates se omnium rerum nescium 13 iingit. 9. The- 
mistocles peritissnnos 53 belli navalis fecit Athenienses. 
10. Homo ratidnis 14 est particeps. 11. Plena errorum 
sunt omnia. 12. Omnes virtutis compotes 15 bead sunt. 
13. Viri 16 propria est fortitudo. 

Rule XYIII .—Predicate Genitive .—401-403. 

41. 1. Damnatio est judicum ; poena, legis. 2. Im- 
becilli animi est superstitio. 3. Xerxis 8 classis mille et 
ducentarum navium fuit. 4. Claudius erat somni bre- 
visshni. 5. Permagni momenti est ratio. 6. Tementas 


373. 

00 

12 162. 

363. 

e 395. 

13 373; 373, 3. 

384, IT. 

9 371, 3, 1). 

M 399, 2, (3). 

176. 

10 575; 353. 

15 157, 2. 

371. 

410, IV. 

:1 587,1. 

,6 399, 3, 3). 







18 


LATIN READER. 


est florentis 1 aetdtis; prudentia, senescentis. 7. Praeda 
parvi pretii fuit. 8. Thebae 8 populi Romani factae 1 2 3 
sunt. 9. Yoluptatem virtus minimi 4 facit. 10. Divitiae 
a me 5 minimi 4 putantur. 11. Nulla possessio pluris 6 
quam yirtns aestiinanda est. 12. Yendo menm frumen- 
tmn non pluris , quam ceteri. 13. Mentlri 7 non est 
meurn.* 14. Tuum est mihi a ignoscere. 

Rule XIX. — Genitive with Certain Verbs. — 406-408. 

42. 1 . Edrum miserere, 10 qui 11 in miseriis 12 sunt. 
2. Animus meminit 13 praeteritorum , 14 praesentia cernit, 
futura praevidet. 3. Reminiscere pristinae mrtutis Hel- 
vetiorum. 4. Deorum 15 immortalium beneficia 16 recor- 
dor. 5. Obllti sunt inguriarum.. 6. Habetis ducem 

memorem vestri, oblltum mi. 7. Aliorum vitia cernit, 
obliviscitur sudrum. 8. Flagitidrum suorum recordabi- 
tur. 9. Planci meriti recordor. 

10. Magni 17 rei publicae interest. 11. Illud Cicero - 
nis maxime interfuit. 12. Hoc regis niliil 17 interest. 
13. Scipidnis meminerat. 14. Sui oblltus erat. 15. 
Miserentur socidrum. 1G. Atheniensium maxime in- 
tererat. 


Rule XX. — Accusative and Genitive. —410. 

43. 1. Te vetens amicitiae commonefacio. 2. Tibe¬ 
rius judices 18 legum admonebat. 


1 575. 7 549. 

2 131, 1, 2). ® 404, 1, 

3 279 ; 294. 2 385. 

. 4 403; 165. 10 271, 2. 

6 414, 5. » 445. 


1 3 297, I. 

1 4 575 ; 295, 2. 

1 5 45, 6. 
i # 407, 1. 

17 408, 3. 








SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


19 




3. Te convinco non inhumanitdtis solum, sed etiam 1 2 * 
amentiae. 4. Fannius Verrem insimulat avaritiae et 
audaciae. 5. Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. G. 
Orestes accusatur matrieidii. 7. Nieomedes furti dam- 
natus est. 

8. Xonne 2 te miseret meif 9. Xum 2 hujus te gloriae 
paenitebat? 10. Me non soluin piget stultitiae meae, 
sed etiam pudet. 11. Me civitatis morum z piget tae- 
detque. 4 

Ablative. 

Rule XXI.— Ablative of Cause , Manner , Means. —414. 

44. I. Cause. — 1. Caesar beneficiis ac munifieentid 
magnus liabebatur, integritdte vitae, Cato. 6 2. Quidam 
vitiis suis gloriantur. 3. Gubernatoris ars utilitdte , non 
arte laudatur. 4. Avaritid et luxurid Rom an a ci vitas 
laborabat. 5. Ximio gaudio paene 8 desipiebam. 6. 
Adolescentes senum ^ jpraeeejptis gaudent. 7. Laetus 
sorte tua vives sapienter. 6 8. Campani fuerunt superbi 
bonitdte agrorum. 

II. Manner. —1. Miltiades suinma 8 aeguitdte res 
Chersonesi constituit. 2. Atlienienses vi summa proeli- 
um commiserunt. 3. Sidera® cursus suos conficiunt 
maxima 10 celeritdte. 4. Atlienienses cum silentio 11 audlti 
sunt. 5. Cum virtute vivimus. G. Pausanias epulabii- 
tur more Persarum. 

III. Means, Instrument. —1. Servius Tullius virtute 


1 587, I. 5. 6 367, 3. 

2 346, II. 1 . * 582. 

8 83. 7 66. 

4 587, I. 3. 8 163, 3. 


9 84. 

10 165. 

11 414, 





20 


LATIN EEADEIi. 




regnum tenuit. 2. Nemo fit 1 casu bonus. 3. A varus 
animus nullo satiatur lucro. 4. Trainmur ornnes studio 
laudis. 8 5. Magnos homines mrtute metlmur, non for- 
tuna. 6 . Dido 3 vitain suam gladio finlvit. 7. Volujptdte 
capiuntur homines, ut homo pisces. 4 8. Minuuntur atrae 
carmine curae. 9. Boni nullo emolumento impelluntur 
in fraudem. 5 


IY. Agent.— 1. Alcibiades erudltus est a Socrdte . e 
2. A Deo omnia 7 facta sunt. 8 3. Sacra ab Numd insti- 
tuta sunt. 4. A multis 7 ipsa 9 virtus contemmtiir. 




IIule XXII .—Ablative of Price. —416. 


45. 1. Ego 10 spem jpretio non cmo. 2. Yas Gorin- 
thium magno jpretio mercatus sum. 3. Yiginti talent is 
unam 11 orationein Isocrates vendidit. 4. Si prata magno 
aestimant, quanti 18 est aestimanda' 3 virtus? 5. Fanum 
jpecunia grandi venditum est. 6. Otium non gemmis 14 
venale est. 

Bule XXIII .—Ablative with Comparatives .— 417. 

46. 1. Yilius argentum est auro, virtufibus annum 
2. Lux somtu est velocior. 3. Amoris simulatio pejor 15 
est odio. 4. Nihil est veritatis luce dulcius. 5. Nihil est 
ratione melius. 15 6. Lacrima nihil citius arescit. 

7. Tullus Ilostilius ferocior quam Romulus 16 fuit. 
8. Sol major 16 est quam terra. 9. Natiira nihil habet 


294. 

7 441, 1. 

12 402, III. 1 

396, II. 

8 294; 294, 2. 

13 232. 

68 . 

9 452. 

14 416, 1, 4). 

367, 3. 

10 446. 

16 165. 

435, 1. 

11 115. 

16 411, 1. 

414, 5. 







SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


21 


praestantius quam honestdtem.' 10. Timoleon sapientius 3 
tulit 3 secundam fortunam quam adversam. 11. Major 
famae sitis est quam virtutis .* 

Rule XXIV. —Ablative of Difference .—418. 

Patria milii 4 vita mea multo est carior. 2. 
Pompeius liennio major fuit quam Cicero. 1 2 3. Ilic locus 
aequo sjpatio ab castris 5 Ariovisti et Caesiiris aberat. 4. 
Numa Pompilius minis permultis ante fuit quam 6 Py¬ 
thagoras. 5. Ilomeri 7 etsi incerta sunt tempora, tamen 
minis multis fuit ante Romulum. 8 

Rule XXV .— Ablative in Special Constructions. — 419 . 

48. I. Utor, Fruor, etc. —1. Multi beneficio Dei 
perverse utuntur. 2. Recordatione nostrae amicitiae 9 
fruor. 3. Commoda, quibus utiinur, a Deo 10 nobis 11 
dantur. 4. Lux, qua fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. 5. Vir¬ 
tutis munfre functus sum. 0. Solus potitus est imperio 
Romulus. 7. FTumidae plerumque lade 12 et came 13 ves- 
cebantur. 

II. Fido, Confido, etc. —1. Prudentm eonsilid que 14 
fidiinus. 2. Quis aut corporis firmitate aut fortunae stm 
Militate confidet.? 3. Juvonis nititur hastd. 

III. Plenty and Want. —1. Abundarunt 15 semper 
auro regna Asiae. 2. Capua fortissimorum virorum 
multitudine redundat. 3. Antiocliia eruditissimis homi- 


1 417, 1. 6 523, 2, 2). ^ 384,1. 

2 582, 305. 7 395. 12 74 . 

9 292. 8 432, 433. 13 72, 3. 





22 


LATIN READER. 


mbits affluebat. 4. Nihil honestum est quod 1 justitid 
vacat. 5. Nulla 5 vitae pars vacat officio. 6. Nunquam 
eminentia invidid caret. 7. Magna negotia magnis ad - 
jutoribus egent. 8. Deus bonis 3 omnibus explevit mun- 
dum. 9. Ilectora 4 vita spoliavit Achilles. 10. Caesari 
tradita urbs est, nuda 5 praesidio , referta copiis. 11. 
Virtute multi 3 praediti sunt. 

IY. Dignus, Indignus, etc.—1. Yirtus imitatione , 
non invidid digna est. 2. Quam multi indigni luce 
sunt, et tamen dies oritur. 6 3. Sapientia eo contenta est, 
quod adest. 4. Intelligentid vestra fretus sum. 

Y. Opus and Usus.—1. Magistratibus opus est. 2. 
Multis 7 duce opus est. 3. Nihil 8 opus est simulatione. 
4. Rambus consuli usus est. 5. Quantum 9 argenti 10 est 
tlbi opus ? 6. Nobis exempla permulta opus sunt. 

Rule XXYI .—Ablative of Place. —421. 

49. 1. In Italia bellum fuit. 2. Haec ab Romanis 
in Graecia gesta sunt. 3. Iphicrates in Tlirdcid vixit. 
4. Caesar ab urbe proficiscitur. 5. Darius ex Asia in 
Europam 11 exercitum trajecit. 6. Talis Romae Fabri- 
cius, qualis Aristides Athenis fuit. 

7. Tarquinius Superbus mortuus est Cumis.' 8. Numa 
Pompilius Cufibus habitabat. 9. Syracusis est foils 
aquae dulcis, cui 12 nomen Arethusa est. 10. Demarfitus, 
Tarquinii regis pater, fugit Tarquinios 13 Corintho. 11. 
Haec terra marl que 14 gesta sunt. 12. Conon plurimum 14 
vixit 6 Y yj9^,’* Timotheus Lesbi. 


1 445. 

2 151. 
*441, 1. 
4 68 . 

6 438. 


10 396, III. 


6 288, 2. 
7 419, 3. 
* sso 9. 



14 422, 1, 1). 

15 380, 2; 165. 

16 424, 1. 


11 435, 1. 

12 387. 

13 379. 






SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


23 


Rule XXVII. — Ablative of Source and Separation. — 425. 

50. 1. Praeclarum a majoribus accepimus morem. 1 
2. Hoc a seriibus 2 3 audivimus. 3. Disce, puer, virtutem 
ex me , fortunam ex cdiis. 4. Collatlnus ex urbe migravit. 
5. Jove* nate, Hercules, salve. 

6. Abstinent pugna. 7. Lacedaemonii de diutina 
contentione destiterunt. 8. Zania quinque dierum iter 4 
ab Carihagine abest. 9. Ariovistus millibus 6 passuum 
sex a Caesaris castris 0 conscdit. 10. Tu, Jupiter, Cati- 
llnam a tectis urbis, a moembus , a vita fortunisQ[\\o civi- 
um omnium arcebis. 11. Dionysius tyrannus Syracusis 
expulsus est. 12. Aristides nonne 7 expulsus est patrid ? 
13. Tliemistocles imperator bello Persico servitute Grae- 
ciam liberavit. 14. Robustus animus omni est liber 
curd et angore . 

Rule XXVIII. — Ablative of Time. —426, 427. 

51. 1. Augustus obiit 8 sexto et septuagesimo aetatis 
anno. 2. Socrates supremo 9 vitae die de immortalitate 
animorum multa disseruit. 3. Timoleon proelia maxi¬ 
ma 10 natali die suo fecit omnia. 4. Qua node natus est 
Alexander, eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum deilagravit. 

5. Solis occdsu suas copias Ariovistus in castra reduxit. 

6. Xemo mortalium omnibus Jioris sapit. 7. Laelius 
sermonem de amicitia habuit paucis diebus 11 post mor¬ 
tem Africani. 8. Roscius litem 12 decldit abliinc annis 
quattuor. 9. Carthago septingentesimo anno postquarr 
condita erat, deleta est. 


2 66 . 

3 66, 3 ; 425, 3. 


83. 


5 378, 2. 

6 132. 

7 346, II. 1. 


9 163, 3. 

10 165. 

11 427. 





24 


LATIN READER. 


Rule XXIX. — Ablative of Characteristic. —428. 

52. 1. Caesar Procillum, summa 1 virtute adolescen- 
tem, ad Ariovistum misit. 2. Aristoteles, vir 2 3 summo 
ingenio , scientia , copid , prndentiam cum eloquentia con- 
junxit. 3. Cato singuldri fuit prudentia 3 et industrial. 
4. Appius liomo fuit summa prudentia , multd etiam 
doctrina. 5. Hannibalis nomen erat magnd apud omnes 
gloria. C. Agesilaus staturd fuit humili et corpore cxi- 
guo. 1. Caesar fuit excelsd staturd , coldre candido , 
nigris oculis. 


Rule XXX.— Ablative of Specification. —429. 

53'. 1 . Sunt quidam homines 4 non re , sed nomine. 
2. Doctrina Graecia Romanos et omni litterarum genere 
superabat. 3. Mardonius, natione Medus, a Pausania 5 
fugatus est. 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praece- 
dnnt. 5. Ancus regnavit annos 6 qnattuor et viginti, 
cuilibct 7 superiorum 8 regum belli pacisque et arfibus et 
gloria par. 

Rule XXXI.— Ablative Absolute. —430 & 431. 

54. 1. Cognito Caesaris adventu , Ariovistus legatos 
ad eum mittit. 2. Ite, 9 deis 10 bene juvantthus. 3. Pj- 
thagoras, Tarquinio Superbo regnante , in Italiam venit. 
4. Virtute excepta , nihil amicitia 11 praestabilius est. 5. 
Germani peliibus 12 utuntur, magna corporis parte nudu. 
0. Natus est Augustus, Cicerone et Antonio consulibus. 


3 1C3, 3. 6 414, 5. 9 295. 

8 363. 6 378. 10 51, 6. 

3 428, 1, 2). 7 191, II.; 391. 11 417. 






SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 


25 


T. Romani, Scipidne duce , ponte facto , superavcrunt 
Ticinum flumen. 

Rule XXXII. — Cases with Prepositions. —432-435. 

55. I. Accusative. —1. Soplioclcs ad summain senec- 
latem tragoedias fecit. 2. Adolescentes senum praeceptis 
ad virtutum 1 studia ducuntur. 3. Pietas est justitia ad- 
versns deos. 4. Ante lucem galli canunt. 5. Epaminon- 
das Lacedaemonios vicit apud Mantineam. 6. Legiones 
Etrusjeorum cis Padum fusae sunt. 7. Utilitatis dere- 
lictio contra naturam est. ' 8. Justitia er«;a deos relicdo* 
dicitur, erga pavcntes , pietas. 9. Ratio conciliat inter 
66 3 homines. 10. Amicitia est propter se expetenda/ 
11. Animus per somnum curis 4 5 vacuus est. 12. Post 
me erat Aegina. 13. Secundum flumen paucae stationes 
videbantur. 14. Germani trans Rhenum incolunt. 

IT. Ablatr’i:.—1. A prinia 0 aetdte me pliilosophia 
delectavit. 2. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 
3. Sex menses 7 cum Antidcho philosopho fui. 4. Scipio 
ob egregiam victoriam de Ilannibale appellatus est Afri- 
canus. 5. Yirtus ex viro appellata est. G. Cato prae 
ceteris floruit. 7. Caesar legiones pro castris constituit. 
8. Vita nihil sine magno labdre dcdit mortalibus. 6 9. 
Aqua erat pectoribus tenus. 9 

III. Accusative or Ablative.—1. In amnem ruunt. 
2. Gallia est divisa in partes tres. 3. Homo doct.us in se 
semper divitias habet. 4. Sub ipsa moenia progress! 
sunt. 5. Saepe est etiam sub pallio sordido sapientia. 
G. Yirtus omnia subter se habet. 


1 396, II. 
3 362. 

3 448, 1. 


4 232. 

6 419, III. 

6 441, 6; 106. 


7 378. 

8 384, II. 

9 434, 4. 





20 


LATIN READER. 


SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES. 

Rule XXXIII .—Agreement of Adjectives.— 438, 439. 

56. 1. Vera amici tia sempiterna est. 2. Verae ami- 
citiae sempiternae sunt. 3. Venit liieins glacidlis. 4. 
Fugit irreparabile tempus. 5. Nihil est ab omni parte 
bedtum. 6. Atm nubes condidit lunam. 7. Ilora quota 
est ? 8. Qualis est tua mens ? 9. Nemo nascitur dives. 

10. Stultitia et temeritas fugie?ida 1 sunt. 11. Labor 
voluptasque, dissimillimd 2 natura, 1 * 3 4 * inter se sunt juncta. 
12. Non terret sapientem 4 mors. 13. Fortes" fortuna 
adjiivat. 14. Primd 6 luce summus mons a Labieno 
tenebiitur. 6 15. Feriunt summos fulgura inontes. 10. 
Roscius assiduus 7 ruri 8 vixit. IT. Philosopliiae 9 nos 
totos tradimus. 18. Tliemistocles absens proditionis 10 est 
accusdtus. 19. Triumplius clarior quam gratiov 11 fuit. 


SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 

Rule XXXIV .—Agreement of Pronouns. —445. 

57. 1. Omne animal se ipsum 12 diligit. 2. Ad quas 
res aptissimi erimus, in Us elaborabimus. 3. Nihil ex- 
pedit, quod non decet. 4. Non est vir 13 fortis, qui 11 labo- 
rem fugit. 

58. Personal and Possessive. —440-449.—1. Omnia 


1 460; 439, 3. 

9 163, 2; 439, 3. 

8 414. 

4 441. 

6 441, 6. 


6 468. 

7 443. 

8 424, 2 ; 421, II. 

9 384, II. 

10 410, II. 


11 444, 2. 

12 452. 

18 862. 

14 445, 6. 






SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 


27 


animalia se diligunt. 2. Te 1 tua* me delectant mea. 

3. Ad amlcum de amicitia scripsi. 4. Ego beatus sum. 
5. In pliilosophiae studio aetatem consumpsi. 6. Aris¬ 
tides non effugit civium suorum. invidiam. 

59, Demonstrative. —450-452.—1. Ilaee est tyram 
norum vita. 2. Nos ipsi 3 consolamur. 3. Ille est vir. 

4. Ab ipso Graccho eadem haec audlmus. 5. Homo ha- 
bet memoriam et earn 4 infinltam. 

60. Relative.— 453.—1. In mundo Deus est, qui 
regit, qui gubernat, qui cursus astrorum, mutationes 
tempbrum, rerum vicissitudmes conservat. 2. Riden- 
tur, 6 mala qui compOnunt carmma. 3 . Eadem est utili- 
tatis, quae 6 honestatis, regula. 4. Servi moribus 7 iisdem 
erant, quibus 7 dominus. 5. Animal hoc providum, 
sagax, acutum, memor, plenum rationis, 8 quem 9 voca- 
mus hominem, generatum est a Deo. 6. Perutiles 
Xenophontis libri sunt; quos 10 legate studiose. 

61, Interrogative. —454.—1. 0 dii 11 immortales, 17 

quam rem publicam habemus, in qua urbe vivimus ? 2. 

Quae in me est facultas ? 

62. Indefinite. —455-459.—1. Exspectabam 13 ali- 
quem meorum. 14 2. Yeni Athenas, 15 necpie me quisquam 
ibi agnovit. 3. Aut nemo, aut, si quisquam , Cato sapi¬ 
ens fuit. 4. Quidam consulem laudant. 5. Optimum 18 
quidque 17 rarissimum est. 6 . Consulum alter 18 exercitum 
perdidit, alter vendidit. 


1 371. 

7 428. 

13 468. 

2 441, 1. 

8 399, 2, 2). 

14 441, 1. 

3 452, 1. 

9 445, 4. 

15 379. 

4 451, 2. 

10 453. 

16 165; 441 

5 453, 2. 

11 51, 5. 

17 458, 1. 

6 451, 5. 

12 369. 

18 151. 





?S 


LATIN READER. 


SYNTAX OF VERBS, 


Agreement. 


Rule XXXV.— Verb with Subject.— 4G0-4G3. 

63. 1. Homines, dum docent ,* discunt . 2. Tan turn 

scimus , 2 quantum memoria ienemus . 3. Ego libertatem 

pejperi y ego patriam liber dvi? 4. Crescit amor nummi, 
quantum 3 ipsa pecunia crescit. 5. Pars perexigua Ro- 
mam inermes 4 deldti sunt. 6. Uterque 6 eorum exerci- 
tum ex castris educunt.* 7. Corintlius, totlus Graeciae 

lumen, exstinctum' 1 est. 8. Ratio et oratio conciliat 8 inter 
se homines. 9. Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnaverunt? 

Indicative—Tenses and Use. 

Rule XXXVI.— Use of Indicative. —474. 

64. Present. —4GG, 467.—1. Virtus ab omnibus 
lauddtur. 2. Nulla hdbemus arma contra mortem. 3. 
In proelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta. 

65. Imperfect. —468, 469.—1. Laelius orationem 
suam exorndbat. 2. JExspectdbam adventum Menandri. 
3. Lycurgi leges mgebant. 4. Ut Romae 10 consules, sic 
Carthagine quotannis bini reges credbantur. 

66 . Future and Future Perfect.— 470,473. — 1. Ro- 


1 460, 2. 

2 460, 2, 1). 
* 880, 2. 


6 151, 4. 

6 461, 3. 

7 462. 


8 463, 1. 

9 463, II. 

10 421, II. 




SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


'29 


mam 1 qiium veriero, quae * perspexero, scribam ad te. 
2. Ut sementem fecems , ita metes. 3. Si te 3 rogavero 
aliquid, 3 non respondebis f 

67. Perfect and Pluperfect. —471, 472.—1. IIos- 
tes, ubi primum nostros equites conspexeruntj celeriter 
nostros perturbaverunt. 2. Ipse semper cum Graecis 
Latina conjunxi. 3. Civitas baec semper a me defensa 
est. 4. Lacedaemoniorum gens fortis fuit, dum Lycurgi 
leges vigebant. 5. Summa cura 5 exspectabam adventum 
Menandri, quern 8 ad te miseram. 6. Hannibal tres mo- 
dios aureorum annulorum Cartliaginem misit , quos 
manibus 7 equitum Pom an orum 8 detraxerat . 

Subjunctive.—Tenses aot L t se. 

Pule XXXYII. —Sequence of Tenses. —480, 481. 

63. 1. Ego vos bortor, ut amicitiam omnibus rebus 9 
bumanis antepondtis . 10 2. Pbilosopbia nos docuit, ut 

nosmet 11 ipsos nosceremusf 3. Dubitant nonnulli de 
mundo, casune 13 ipse sit effectus , 14 an mente divlna. 4. 
Epaminondas quaeslvit, salvnsne 15 esset clipeus. 5. Epa- 
minondas rogavit, essentnafusi hostes. 6. Ego in causia 
publicis ita sum versatus, ut defenderim multos. 

Rule XXXVIII. —Potential Subjunctive .—485, 486. 

69. 1. Quaerat quispiam, cujusnam 16 causa ” mun- 
dus factus sit. 14 2. Videos rebus 17 injustis justos * 


1 379. 

2 445, 6. 

3 374. 


7 434, 1, 

8 438. 

3 386. 


14 525. 

16 526, I. 
lfi 188, 3, 
J7 414. 


13 526, II. 1. 


5 414, 3. 

6 445. 


4 460, 2. 


10 489, 490. 

11 184, 6. 

12 492, 2 - 374, 4. 


18 441, 545. 




30 


LATIN READER. 


maxhne 1 dolere. 2 3. Equidem veUein , 3 ut redlres. 4. 
Forsitan quaeras qui iste terror sit. 5. Hoc sine n 11a 4 
dubitatione confirmaverim. 6. Quid facidtis t 6 7. 

Quis haec faciat f 8. Quid mdeatur Deo 6 magnum in 
rebus humanis ? 

Rule XXXIX. —Subjunctive of Desire. —487 ; 488. 

70. 1. Imitemur majores nostros. 2. Valeant cives 
mei; sint ineolumes, sint beati; stet haee urbs praeclara. 
3. Religio et tides antejqondtur 7 amicitiae. 8 4. Orator 
imitetur Demosthenem. 5. Is qui imperat aliis 9 serviat 
ipse nulli 10 cupiditati. 6. In rebus prosperis sujierbiam 
arrogantiamqu q fugidmus. 7. He quis, tanquam parva, 
fastidiat grammaticae elementa. 

Rule XL. —Subjunctive of Purpose or Besidt .—489. 

71. Ut and He. —490-493.—1. Romani ab aratro 
abduxerunt Cincinnatum, ut dictator esset. 11 2. Phaethon 
optavit, ut in currum 12 patris 13 tollereturP 3. Caesar 
ad Lamiam scripsit, ut ad ludos omnia pardretP 4. Ti- 
moleon oravit omnes, ne id facerentP 5. Decrevit 
senatus, ut consul mderetf ne quid res publica detri¬ 
ment 16 caperetP 6. Discipulos id unum 17 moneo, ut 
praeceptores 18 non minus, quam ipsa studia ament f 

72. Ut and ut non. —494-496.—1. Tanta vis probi- 
tatis est, ut earn in hoste etiam diligdmus. 2. Dives est, 
cui 19 tanta possessio est, ut nihil ojptet amplius. 3. Epa- 
minondas adeo fuit veritatis 20 diligens, ut ne joco 21 qui- 


1 305, 2 ; 165. 


8 386. 

9 385, 

,0 151. 

11 480. 

12 435. 


16 374, 4. 

16 396, III. 

17 374, 5. 

18 371. 


3 550. 

3 293. 

4 151. 


6 486, IL 


10 387. 
20 399. 


• 384. 

7 463, 1 


18 77, II. 1. 
14 492. 


51 414, 3. 



SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


31 


dein 1 mentiretur . 4. Quis est tain miser, ut non Dei 

munificentiam senserit f 5. Alcibiades erat ea sagacitate, 2 
nt decipi 8 non posset' 

73. Quo, Quin, Quominus. —497-499.—1. Lex bre¬ 
vis est, quo facilius ab imperltis tenedtur. 2. Nunquam 
accedo ad te, quin abs te abeam 6 doctior. 3. Quis dubi- 
tet, 6 quin in virtute divitiae sint f 4. Quid obstat, quo- 
minus Deus sit beatus ? 

74. Relative. —500, 501.—1. Caesar equitatum, qui 

sustineret bostium impetum, misit. 2. Non tu is es, 
quern niliil delectet . 3. Ego is sum, qui nihil unquam 

mea, potius quam meorum civium causa, 7 fecerim . 8 4. 

Nihil est quod Deus efficere 0 non possit. 5. Nullum est 
animal praeter hominem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam 
Dei. 6. Inventi sunt multi, 10 qui non modo peeuniam, 11 
sed vitam etiam profundere 12 pro patria parati 13 essent. 

Rule XLI.— Subjunctive of Condition . —503-513. 

75. Dum, Modo, Dummodo. —505.—1. Oderint, 14 dum 
metuant. 2. Multi omnia recta 10 negligunt, dummodo 
potentiam consequantur. 3. Omnia postposui, dummodo 
praeceptis 15 patris parerem. 

76. Ac sq Ut si, Quasi, etc. —506.—1. Regem lauda- 
verunt ac si hostes vieisset. 2. Patres metus cepit, 16 
velut si jam ad portas liostis esset. 3. Quid 17 testibus 18 
utor, quasi res dubia sit. 


1 602, III. 2. 

2 428. 


7 414. 


13 438. 


8 4S1, I. 2 ; 400. 


14 487, 297. 


3 552, 1. 

4 290. 



15 385. 

16 222 . 


6 295, 3. 

« 486, II. 


17 380, 2. 

18 419. 



32 


LATIN READER. 


77 . Si, Nisi, etc. : Qui=Si is, etc— 507-513.—1. 

Animum rege, qui, nisi paret, imperaV 2. Si beatam 
vitam volumus 2 adipisci, 3 virtuti opera danda est. 3. 
Thucydidis orationes ego laudo ; imitari neqne possim , 4 
si velim , s nec velim fortasse, si possim . 4. Non possem b 

vivere, nisi in litteris viverem . B 5. Consilium, ratio, sen- 
tentia nisi essenV in senibus,’ non summum 8 consilium 9 
majores nostri appellassent 0 senatum. 

Rule XLII. — Subjunctive of Concession .—515, 516. 

78. Licet, Quamvis, etc.— 1. Licet ipsa vitium * 11 sit 
ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est. 12 2. Non 
est magnus pumilio, licet in monte constiterit. 3. Quam¬ 
vis se ,3 ipso contentus sit sapiens, 14 amlcis “ > illi opus est. 
4. Ego, qui sero Graecas litteras attigissem , tamen com- 
plures Atbenis 10 dies 17 sum commoratus. 

79. Etsi, Tametsi, Etiamsi. — 1. Eloquentiae 18 stu- 
dendum est, etsi ea' 9 quid am perverse abutuntur. 2. 
Iloc, etiamsi nobilitatum non sit, 20 tamen lionestum est; 
etiamsi a nullo 21 laudetur , est laudabile. 

Rule XLIII. — Subjunctive of Cause .— 517-520. 

80. Quum, Qui. —518, 510.—1. Quurri vita sine aml¬ 
cis metus 22 plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias compa- 
rare. 2. Quum sint in nobis consilium, ratio, prudentia, 


4 509, 289. 

‘ 510. 

• 6 510; 463, II. 
7 66 . 



9 373. 16 421. 

10 510, 1; 234. 17 378. 

11 362. ie 384. 

13 460, 2. 19 419. 

13 419, IV. 29 460, 2. 

14 441. 21 151. 


15 419, 3. 22 399, 2, 2). 




SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


neeesse est, Deuin 1 haec ipsa habere 5 majora. 3. Quum 
vemssem 3 Athenas, 4 sex menses 5 cum Antiocho, nobilis- 
simo 6 philosopho, 7 fui. 4. Caninius fuit mirifica vigilan¬ 
te? 8 qui suo toto consulatu 9 somnum non videriV 0 

81r Quod, Quia, etc. —520.—1. Plato escam" malo- 
rum appellat voluptatem, quod ea ,2 homines capiantur , 
velut hamo pisces. 2. Nemo unquam est oratorem, quod 
Latlne looueretur , admiratus. 3. Mater irata est, quia 
non redierim. 

Rule XLIY.— Subjunctive of Time with Cause . — 521-523. 

82. 1. Dum reliquae naves convenirent , ad lioram 
nonam exspectiivit. 2. Quievere 13 milites, dum praetec- 
tus anna 14 inspicereL 3. Tragoedi quotidie, antequam 
pronuntient , vocem sensim excitant. 4. Ante 15 videmus 
fulgurationem, quam sonum audiamus. 5. Caesar ad 
Pompeii castra 16 pervenit, priusquam Pompeius sentlretf 

Rule XLY. —Subjunctive in Indirect Questions. —525. 

83. 1. Nescis, quantas vires virtus habeat , 19 2. No¬ 
men tantum virtutis usurpas; quid 19 ipsa valeat, ignoras. 

3. Lepidus declaravit quantum haheret odium servitutis. 20 

4. Caesar equitatum omnem praemittit, qui 21 videant, 22 
quas in partes iter faciant. 5. Non intelligunt homines, 
quam magnum vectlgal 23 sit parsimonia. 24 6. In orato- 


645; 45, 6. 
8 549. 

8 518, II. 1. 

4 379. 

‘ 378. 

8 162. 

T 363. 

*428. 


9 426. 

10 519. 

11 373. 

12 414. 

18 235. 

14 131, 1, 4). 

16 523, 3, 2). 
132; 379,4. 


17 523, 2. 

* 525, 2; 480. 

19 380, 2. 

20 396, II. 

21 445, 5. 

22 500. 

23 362. 

24 367. 




LATIN READER. 


34 

ribus Graecis, admirable est, quantum inter omnes unus 
excellat. 7. Mihi non minori 1 curae 2 est, qualis res pub- 
lica post mortem meam futuva sit , quam qualis liodie sit. 

Rule XLVI.— Subjunctive by Attraction. —527. 

84. 1. Me admones, ut me integrum, quoad jpossim, 
servem. 3 2. Quid est, cur non orator de rebus iis elo- 
quentissime dicat, 4 quas cognovit. 3. Jussit ut, quae 
venissent , naves Euboeam peterent. 3 4. In Ilortensio 
memoria fuit tanta, ut, quae secum commentatus esset, 
ea verbis 5 iisdem 6 redderet, 7 quibus cogitmisset. 5. Re- 
cordatione 9 nostrae amicitiae sic fruor, ut beate vixisse * 
videar/ quia cum Scipione vixevim . 10 

Role XLVII. —Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse .—529. 

85. 1. Socrates dicebat,” omnes 12 in eo, quod solvent, 
satis 13 esse 14 eloquentes. 2. Apud Hypanim 10 fluvium, 
Aristoteles ait, 16 bestiolas quasdein nasci, quae unum 
diem vivant. 3. Ariovistus Caesari 17 respondit: quid 
sibi vellet f 18 cur in suas possessiones venivet f jus esse 
belli, ut, qui vicissent , iis, 19 quos vicissent , quemadmo- 
dum vellent, impevdvent. 4. Legationi Ariovistus respon¬ 
dit: si quid ipsi 20 a Caesare opus esset, 21 sese ad eum 
venturum fuisse; 21 si quid ille a se velit, ilium ad se 
venire 22 oportere. 5. Divico ita cum Caesare egit: si 
pacem populus Romanus cum Ilelvetiis facevet™ in earn 


1 165. 

8 549, 4, 1). 

17 384. 

2 390. 

10 481, I. 2. 

18 293. 

8 489. 

11 469, II. 

10 385. 

4 525. 

12 545. 

20 452, 5. 

6 414. 

13 582. 

21 532, 2. 

6 186. 

14 530, I. 

22 549, 2. 

7 489, 494. 

16 85,111. 1. 

23 533, 3. 





SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


35 


partem ituros 1 Ilelvetios, 2 ubi eos Caesar esse voluisset ; 3 
sin bello persequi 4 perseverdret, reminisceretur pristlnae 
virtutis 5 Helvetiorum. 

Imperative—Tenses and Use. 

Rule XLVIII.— Imperative. —535. 

86. 1. Sperne voluptates. 2. Consulite vobis,* Pa- 
tres 7 conscripti, prospicite patriae, conservdte voS , 8 conju- 
ges, liberos, fortunasque vestras ; populi Romani nomen 
salntemque defendite. 3. Vive mem or leti; 9 fugit bora. 
4. Valetudmem tuam cura diligenter. 5. Virtutes excita , 
si forte dormiunt. 6 . Poemata dulcia sunto . ,0 7. Im- 
pins 11 ne 12 audeto 13 placare donisiram deorum. 8. Con- 
sules militiae sum mum jus hdbento , nemini parento . 9. 

Noli 14 te oblivisci 14 Ciceronem esse. 10. Cura ut quam 
primum 16 venias. 10 . 

Infinitive—Tenses and Use. 

Tenses of Infinitive .—540-544. 

Rule XLIX. —Subject of Infinitive. —545. 

Predicate after Infinitive .—546, 547. 


Infinitive as Subject. —549, 


87. 1 . Virum bonum esse, semper est utile. 17 2. Om¬ 
nibus bonis 18 expedit, salvam esse rem publicam. 3. A 
Deo mundum necesse 17 est regi. 4. Coneedendum est 18 


1 530, I.; 545, 3 ; 285. 


8 448. 


14 538, 2. 
K 305, 6. 


3 545. 

3 532, 4 

4 552. 


10 537, II. 

11 441. 

13 538, 1. 
13 271, 3. 


9 399, 2, 2). 


17 438, 3. 

18 441, 384. 

19 301, 2. 


10 535, 1, 1). 
” 428 a 


6 406, n. 


6 384. 

7 869. 




36 


LATIN READER. 


in virtute sola positam esse bedtam vitam. 5. Laelium 
doetum fuisse traditum est. 6. Lectltavisse 1 Platonem 
studiose Demosthenes dicitur. 1 7. Non esse 2 cufidum 
pecunia 3 est. 8. Non esse cmdcem vectlgal est. 9. Con - 
tentum snis rebus 4 esse maximae 5 sunt divitiae. 10. Di* 
ligere parentes 6 prima 7 naturae lex 3 est. 11. Lycurgi 
temporibus 8 Homerus fuisse dicitur. 12. Imperare sibi 
maximum est imperium. 13. Parentes suos non amdre 3 
impietas est. 14. Constat ad salutem civium inventas 
esse leges, 15. Pecuniam jpraeferre 9 amicitiae 10 sordidum 
est. 16. Nihil est tarn angusti animi, 11 quam amdre di- 
vitias. 17. Ex malis eligere minima oportet. 

Infinitive as Object. —550, 551. 

88 . 1. Ferre laborem consuetudo docet. 2. Vincere 
scis, Hannibal, 13 victoria 13 uti nescis. 3. Magister tuus 
te magna mercede 14 nihil 16 sajpere 16 docuit. 4. Num 
sum vel Graece loqui , vel Latlne docendus? 5. Non 
omnes sciunt referre 17 beneficium. 6. A Graecis 18 Galli 
urbes moenibus 10 cingere didicerunt. 7. Non utilem ar- 
bitror esse futurarum rerum seientiam. 8. Concede nihil 
esse bonum, nisi quod honestum sit. 30 9. Nonne poetae 
post mortem nobilitari volunt ? 10. Syracusas maximam 
esse Graecdrum urbium 21 omnium audivistis. 11. Socra¬ 
tes parens 23 philosophiae jure 23 did potest. 24 12. Nun- 
quam putavi/br<?, 26 ut supplex ad te venlrem. 26 13. Cato 
esse quam videri bonus 23 malebat. 26 


549, 4, 1). 

10 386, 1. 

10 414. 

545, 2, 2). 

” 401. 

20 531. 

362. 

18 369. 

21 396, 2, 3). 

419, IV. 

13 419. 

22 547, L 

165. 

14 416, 

23 414. 

371. 

16 371, 3. 

21 290. 

166. 

16 374, 4. 

25 544. 

426. 

1T 292, 2. 

26 293. 

292, 2. 

16 425. 







SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


37 


Lijinitive in Special Constructions— 553. 

89 . 1. Consilium erat continuare 1 bellum. 2. Bene 
et beate vivere est honeste et recte vivere. 3. Postumio 
negotium dabatur videre , 2 ne quid 3 res publica detri- 
menti 4 caperet. 5 4. Fuit fama Themistoclem venenum 

• sua sponte 6 sumpsisse. 5. Consilium fuit in Graeciam 
redire. 6. Fama est Romulum Romam condidisse. 7. 
Fama est Homerum caecum fuisse. 

Subject and Object Clauses. —554-558. 

90 . Subject Clauses. —555, 556.— 1 . Quaentur, quid 
faciendum sit. 7 2. Yerum 8 est amicitiam inter bonos 
esse. 3. Reliquum est, ut certemus 9 officiis 10 inter nos. 
4. Accedit quod 11 patrem 12 amo. 

91 . Object Clauses. —557, 558.—1. Ron dubito, tu 
quid responsurus sis. 7 2. Rogavi pervenissentne 13 Agri- 
gentum. 3. Sentlmus nivem esse albam; dulce, mel. 
4. Democritus dicit innumerabiles esse mundos. 5. Me- 
mini gloriatum esse Hortensium, 14 quod nunquam bello 15 
civlli interfuisset. 18 

Gerunds and Gerundives. —559-566. 

92 . Genitive. —563.— 1 . Sapientia ars 17 vivendi pu- 
tanda est. 2. Caesar loquendi finem facit. 3. Mihi 18 
discendi , tibi docendi facultatem otium praebet. 4. le- 
gendi semper occasio est, audiendi , non semper. 5. Epa- 


1 553, I. 

7 525. 

13 526, I. 

2 553, II. 

8 438, 3. 

14 545. 

3 190, 1. 

9 495, 2. 

15 386. 

4 396, 2, 3). 

10 414. 

16 529. 

6 492. 

“ 554, IV. 

17 362. 

6 414, 2. 

12 44 /^ 

18 384, II. 


3 



38 


LATIN READER. 


minondas studiosus erat audiendi.' 6. Maxi me 2 sum 

cupidus te 3 audiendi. Y. Demosthenes Platonis studio¬ 
sus audiendi fuit. 8. Multi propter gloriae cupiditatem 
cupidi sunt belldrum gerendorum. 9. Exereendae memo¬ 
riae gratia, 4 quid quoque die 6 audierim,® commemoro 
vespere. 

93 . Dative. —564.— 1 . Crassus disserendo 7 par non 
erat. 2. Solvendo 8 civitates non erant. 3. Huma sacer- 
dotibus 9 creandis animum adjecit. 4. Mons jpecori bonus 
alendo erat. 5. Consul placcmdis diis dat operam. 6. 
Sunt nonnulli acuendis puerorum ingeniis non inutiles 
lusus. 

94 . Accusative. —565.— 1 . Homo ad intelligendum 10 
et ad agendum est natus. 2. Breve tempus aetatis satis 
longum est ad bene 11 vivendum. 3. Bene sentlre recte- 
que faeere 12 satis est ad bene beateque mvendum. 4. 
Pythagoras Lacedaemona 13 ad cognoscendas Lycurgi 
leges contendit. 5. TJbii navium magnam copiam ad 
trcmsjportandum exercitum pollicebantur. 6. Catillna, 
nobilissimi generis 14 vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delen- 
damjpatriam eonjuravit cum audacissimis viris. 

95 . Ablative. —566.—1. Hihil 16 agendo 10 homines 
male agere 17 discunt. 2. Lycurgi leges laboribus erudi- 
unt juventutem, venando , currendo , dlgendo , aestuando. 
3. Omnis loquendi elegantia augetur legendis oratoribus 16 
et poetis. 4. Virtutes cernuntur in agendo. 5. Multa 19 
de bene beateque vivendo a Platone disputata sunt. 


1 399, 2, 2). 

3 305, 2; 165. 
8 371. 

4 414, 2. 

6 426. 

* 526; 234. 


10 433, 

11 559, 

12 549. 


7 391, 1. 

8 384. 


9 384, n. 


13 379; 68 . 

14 396, IY. 


16 371. 

16 414. 

17 550. 

18 441, 1. 




SYNTAX OF VERBS. 


39 


Supine. —567-570. 

Rule L. —Supine in um. —569, 
Supine in u.—570. 


96 . 1 . Lacedaemonii Agesilaum belldtum miserunt in 
Asiam. 2. Themistocles Argos 1 hdbitdtum concessit. 
3. Hannibal patriam 2 defensum revocatus est. 4. Vei- 
entes pacem petltum oratores Romam mittunt. 5. Quod 
optimum 3 factu 4 videbitur, facies. * 6. Quid est tarn ju- 
cundum cognitu atque auditu, quam sapientibus senten- 
tiis 6 ornata oratio ? 7. Pleraque dictu, quam re 8 sunt 
faciliora. 7 


Participles. —571-581, 


97 . 1 . Alexander moviens 8 annulum dedit Perdiccae. 
2. Hippias in Marathon ia pugna cecidit, arm a contra pa¬ 
triam fevens . 9 3. Apelles pinxit Alexandrum Magnum 

fulmen tenentem in templo Ephesiae Dianae. 4. Sol 
occidens 10 noctem conficit. 5. Terra mutata 11 non mu- 
tat mores. 6. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusis 13 expulsus, 
Corinthi 13 pueros docebat. 7. Hannibal imperator 14 
f actus omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit. 8. Sacer- 
dos vincta in custodiam datur. 9. Regibus exactis, con¬ 
soles creati sunt. 10. Pevditis 16 rebus omnibus, tamen 
ipsa 16 virtus se sustentare 17 potest. 11. Athenienses, non 
exsjpectato 18 auxilio, in proelium egrediuntur. 19 12. Spemo 


1 379. 

2 371. 

3 165. 


8 678, I. 

9 292. 

10 578, II. 


14 362, 3. 

16 578, IV. 
16 452. 


4 570, 429. 


11 580. 


17 552, 1. 

18 581. 


6 414. 
c 429. 


12 425. 

13 421, II. 


19 225. 




40 


LATIN READER. 


voluptates ; nocet empta dolore 1 voluptas. 13. Dilapsi 
sunt in oppida, moenibus 2 se defensuri , 3 14. Pueris 

sententias ediscendas 3 damus. * 15. Lentulus attribuit 
urbem injlammcmdam Cassio, 4 totam Italiam vastandum 
Gatillnae. 


SYNTAX OF PARTICLES. 

Rule LI.— Use of Adverbs. —582-585. 

Conjunctions, 587, 588. 

98, Adverbs.—1. Sapientis 6 animus semper vacat 
vitio, 6 nunquam turgescit; nunquam sapiens irascitur. 
2. Semper in proelio iis 7 maximum 8 est periculum qui 9 
maxime timent. 3. Ut seeunda 10 moderate tulimus, 11 sic 
adversam fortunam fortfiter ferre debemus. 

99. Conjunctions. —1. Horae cedunt et dies et menses 
et anni. 2. Neque pecuniae neque tecta magnif ica 12 ne- 
que opes 13 neque imperia neque voluptates in bonis rebus 
numerandae sunt. 3. Atticus neque mendacium dicebat 
neque pati poterat. 4. Yirtus nee eripi nec surripi potest 
unquam; neque naufragio 14 neque incendio amittitur. 
5. Ant labores aut sumptus suscipere nolunt. 13 6. Est 
philosophi 16 habere 17 non vagam, sed certain sententiam. 
7. Jus sua sponte 18 est expetendum ; etenim omnes viri 
boni jus ipsum amant. 


*416. 

7 387. 

13 133, 1. 

3 414. 

8 165. 

14 414, 4. 

8 578, Y. 

9 445. 

16 293. 

4 384, II. 

10 441, 1. 

16 401. 

6 441. 

11 292. 

17 549. 

6 419 , m. 

13 164. 

18 414, 2. 









PART SEC ONE. 

LATIN SELECTIONS. 


FABLES. 

Note.— It is recommended that, in reading the Fables and Anecdotes, 
special attention should be given to Gender and to the Declension of 
Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns. 

The Kid and the Wolf. 

100 . Hoedus, starts 1 in tecto domus, 2 lnpo 3 praeter- 
eunti maledixit. Cui lupus, a Non tu ,” inquit, 4 * “ sed 
tectum mihi maledlcit .” 

Saepe locus 6 et tempus liommes 8 timidos audaces 7 
reddit. 8 


The Oxen. 

101. In eodem prato pascebantur 9 tres 10 boves 11 in 
maxima concordia, et sic ab omni ferarum incursione 12 
tuti erant. Sed dissidio 13 inter illos orto, singuli a feris 14 
petiti et laniati sunt. 

Fabiila docet, quantum boni sit 16 in concordia. 


1 438, 1. 8 *72, 2. 11 66. 

3 119, 1. 7 373, 3. 13 100,3. 

3 384. 8 463, I. 13 431. 

4 297, II. 2. 9 468. 14 414, 5. 

‘ 141. 10 175. 16 525. 




42 


LATIN READER. 


The Woman and the Hen. 


102. Mulier quaedam habebat galllnam, quae ei 1 
quotidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari 2 coepit, 3 
illam auri massam intus celare, et galllnam occidit. Sed 
nihil in ea reperit, nisi quod 4 in aliis galllnis reperlri 
solet. 8 Itaque dum majoribus 8 divitiis 7 inhiabat, etiam 
minores perdidit. 


The Peasant and the Mouse. 


103. Mus 8 a rustico deprehensus tarn acri morsu 
ejus digitos vulneravit, ut ille eum- dimitteret, 9 dicens: 
“ Nihil , mehercule , tampusillum est, quodde salute 10 des- 
perdre debeatmodo se defendere velit . ia 

The Fox and the Grapes. 

104, Yulpes 13 uvam in vite conspicata ad illam sub- 
siliit omnium virium 14 suarum contentione, 16 si earn forte 
attingere posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore disce- 
dens dixit: “ At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via 
rejpertas 16 tollerem .” 17 

Haec fabiila docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se 
assequi posse desperent. 18 


The Wolf and the Crane. 


105, In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede 10 igitur 
conducit gruem, 20 qui illud extrahat. 11 TIoc grus longi- 
tudine 21 colli facile effecit. Quum autem mercedem 


1 384, II. 

3 552. 

3 297; 460, 2. 

4 445, 6. 

5 271, 3. 

6 165. 

7 386. 


8 115, 1. 


15 414; 100, 3. 

16 578, III. 

17 503 ; 603, 2. 

18 501, I. 

19 416 ; 104, 1. 

20 66 , 2 . 

21 ioo" 1. 


9 489; 494. 

10 73, E. 2; 115, 2. 


11 600. 

12 505. 

13 43, 3. 

14 66 . 



FABLES. 


43 


postularet, 1 subrldens lupus et dentibus 8 infrendens, 
“ JYum tibi” inquit, u parva merces 3 mdetur , quod car 
put incolume ex lupifaucibus extmxisti ? ” 


The Trumpeter. 


106. Tubicen 4 abhostibus captus, “iW me” inquit, 
“ interficite ; nam inermis sum , neque 0 quidquam har 
beo praeter hanc tubam” At bostes, “ Propter hoc 
ipsum ” inquiunt, “ te interimemus , quod^ quum ipse 
pugncmdi 7 sis 8 imperitus , alios ad pugnam incitdre 
soles” 

Fabula docet, non solum maleficos 9 esse puniendos, 
sed etiam eos, qui alios ad male faciendum 10 irrltent. 11 


The Husbandman and h is Sons. 


107, Agricola senex, quum mortem 12 sibi 13 appro- 
pinquare sentlret, 14 filios conyocavit, quos, 15 ut fieri 16 so- 
let, interdum discordare noverat, 17 et fascem virgularum 
afferri 18 jubet. Quibus allatis, filios bortatur, ut bunc 
fascem frangerent. Quod 19 quum facere non possent, 
distribuit singiilas virgas, iisque celeriter fractis, docuit 
illos, quam firma res 80 esset 81 concordia, quamque imbe- 
cillis discordia. 

The Mice. 

108. Mures aliquando babuerunt consilium, quo- 
modo sibi 88 a fele caverent. Multis aliis 83 propositis, 


1 518, II. 

2 110, l. 

3 362. 

4 76, 1. 

6 538, 1. 

* 587, I. 2. 


9 441; 545. 

10 559, 565. 

11 601, I. 


17 278, 3. 


18 292, 2; 651. 


7 563; 399. 

8 518, I. 


12 110; 105. 

13 386. 


14 518, II. 
16 645. 


19 453. 

20 362. 

21 525. 

22 385, 3. 

23 431. 


16 294. 




44 


LATEST EEADEE. 


omnibus placuit, ut ei 1 tintinnabulum annecteretur; 3 sic 
enim ipsos 3 sonitu admonitos earn fugere posse. Sed 
quum jam inter mures quaereretur, 4 qui feli tintinnabu¬ 
lum annecteret, 6 nemo repertus est. 

Fabula doeet, in suadendo 6 plurimos T esse audaces, 
sed in ipso periculo timidos. 

The Enemies . 

109, In eadem navi 8 vebebantur duo, 9 qui inter se 
capitalia odia exercebant. Unus 9 eorum in prora, alter 19 
in puppi 11 residebat. Orta tempestate ingenti, quum 
omnes de vita desperarent, interrogat is, qui in puppi 
sedebat, gubernatorem, utram 10 partem nawis jprius sub- 
mersum iri existimdret . Cui gubemator, “Proram” 
respondit. Turn ille, “ Jam mors mihi non molesta est^ 
quum inimlci mei mortem adspecturus sim ” 13 

The Tortoise and the Eagle. 

110, Testudo aquilam magnopere orabat, ut sese 
volare doceret. 13 Aquila ei ostendebat quidem, earn 14 
rem 16 petere naturae 16 suae contrariam; sed ilia nibilo 17 
minus instabat, et obsecrabat aquilam, ut se volucrem 
facere vellet. 18 Itaque ungulis arreptam aquila sustulit 
in sublime, et demlsit illam, ut per aerem ferretur. 13 Turn 
in saxa incidens comminuta interiit. 19 

Ilaec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis occaeca* 
tos consilia prudentiorum respuere, et in exitium ruere 
stultitia 20 sua. 


1 380. 

• 62, III. 

15 371. 

2 495, 2. 

8 441; 175. 

16 391. 

3 545. 

10 151. 

17 418. 

4 518, n. 

11 62, III. 

18 293. 

6 525. 

12 517. 

19 295, 3. 

6 566, II. 

13 489. 

30 414, 2. 

1 165; 441. 

14 545. 




FABLES. 


45 


The Lion. 

111. Societatem junxerant 1 leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. 
Praeda autem, quam ceperant, in qnattuor partes aequa- 
les divisa, 2 leo, “ Prima,” ait, 3 " mea est; debetur enim 
haec jpraestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, quam 
meretur 4 robur 5 meum . Tertiam mndhcat sibi 6 egregius 
labor mens. Quartam qui sibi arrogare volueritj is 8 
sciat, 9 se habiturum me inimicum sibi.” 10 Quid facerent 11 
imbecilles bestiae, aut quae sibi leonem infestum habere 
vellet % 11 


ANECDOTES. 

Anaxagoras. 

112. Anaxagoram ferunt, 12 nuntiata 2 morte tilii, 
dixisse: “ Sciebam me genuisse mortalem” 13 

Thales. 

113 . Thales interrogate, quid esset 14 Deus, “ Quod” 
in quit, “ initio 16 et fine caret.” 

114. Thales interrogate, quid esset difficile, 16 “ Se 
ijpsum,” inquit, 6i nosse” 17 Interrogate, quid esset facile: 
“ Alterum,” inquit, “ admonere ” 

115. Thales rogatus, quid maxime commune esset 
hominibus, 18 66 Sfies,” respondit, “ hanc enim et illi ha- 
bent, qui aliud nihil.” 

116. Quum Thales interrogaretur, 19 quid esset om¬ 
nium vetustissimum, respondit: “ Deus, quod nunquam 
esse coejpit .” 20 


1 463, n. 

8 451. 

15 419, III. 

2 431, 2, (1). 

9 487. 

16 163, 2. 

3 297, H. 

10 391. 

17 234, 2. 

4 225. 

11 485; 486, II. 

18 391. 

6 77, IV. 

13 292. 

19 618, n. 

8 384, n.; 449, L 

13 357, I. 

30 297. 

lO 

CO 

«* 

14 525. 





46 


LATIN KEADEK. 




Socrates. 

117. Socrates, in pompSt quum magna vis auri ar- 
gentique ferretur, 1 “ Quam multa non desidero ,” inquit. 

118. Sapientissimus Socrates dicebat, 3 scire se 3 nihil, 
p?'aeter hoc ipsum , quod nihil sciret : 4 reliquos hoc etia/m 
nescire. 

Scipio Africanus. 

119. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica 
accedebat, antequam in templo Jovis 6 precatus esset. 6 

120. Scipio Africanus Ennii poetae imagmem 7 in 
sepulcro gentis Comeliae collocari jussit, 8 quod Scipionum 
res gestas carmimbus suis illustraverat. 9 

Antigonus and the Cynic. 

121. Ab Antigono Cynicus quidam petiit 10 talentum. 
Respondit, 11 plus 13 esse, quam quod 13 Cynicus petere de- 
beret! 1 Repulsus petiit denarium. Respondit rex, mi¬ 
nus 13 esse quam quod 13 regem deceret dare , 14 

Cicero. 

122 . Cicei'o Dolabellae 15 dicenti, se 10 triginta annos 
liabere, 17 “ Verum est ,” inquit, u nam hoc yam ante 
viginti annos audwi .” 

The Lacedaemonians. 

123. Lacedaemonii, Philippo minitante 18 per litte- 
ras, se omnia quae conarentur 19 prohibiturum, 30 quaesh 


verunt, num se esset 31 

etiam mori prohibiturus. 

1 518, II. 

6 47 VII. 

16 384. 

2 469, II. 

9 472. 

16 545. 

3 645. 

10 234. 

17 551, I. 

4 531. 

11 460, 2. 

18 431, 2, (1). 

6 66, 3. 

12 165. 

10 531. 

6 523, n. 2. 

13 371 ; 445, 6. 

20 545, 3. 

7 72, 3. 

14 549. 

21 525. 




ANECDOTES. 


47 


124. Leonidas, Lacedaemoniorum rex, quum Xerxes 
scripsisset, 1 u Mitte arma • ” respondit, “ Veni et cape? 

125. Quum ad Leonidam quidam mill turn 2 dixisset, 1 - 
“ Ilostes sunt prope nos ; ” “ Et nos” 3 inquit, “ prope 
illos? 

126. E Lacedaemoniis 4 unus, quum Perses liostis in 
colloquio dixisset 1 glorians, “ Solem 6 prae jaculorum 
multitudine 8 et sagittarum non videbitis,” “ In umbra 
igitur” inquit, “ pugndbimus? 

127. Lacedaemonius quidam quum rideretur, 1 quod 
claudus in pugnam iret, 7 u At mihi ” inquit, a pugndre* 
non fugere est propositum? 

• Solon. 

128. Solon quum interrogaretur, 1 cur nullum sup- 
plicium constituisset 9 in eum, qui parentem necasset, 10 
respondit, se id neminem facturum 11 putasse? 

Theophrastus , the Philosopher. 

129. Theophrastus ad quendam, qui in convivio 
prorsus silebat; “ Si stultus es” inquit, “ remfacis sapi- 
entem / si sapiens, stultam? 

Theocritus , the Poet . 

130. Miser poeta praelegerat Theocrito 13 versus suos. 
Turn interrogabat, 14 quosnam maxime approbaret, 9 


? 16 omisisti ” 

respondit. 


1 518, II. 

6 72, 2. 

11 545, 3. 

2 396, III. 

7 520, n. 

12 234. 

3 367, 3. 

6 549. 

13 386, 1. 

4 398, 4, 2). 

9 525; 481, II. 

14 460, 2. 

6 112; 75. 

10 500, 2; 234. 

15 445, 6. 




48 


LATIN HEADER. 


Cornelia. 


131. Cornelia, Gracchorum mater, quum Campana 
matrona, apud illam hospita, 1 omamenta sua pulcher- 
nma, 2 ipsi ostenderet, 3 traxit earn sermone, 4 donee e _ 
schola redirent 6 liberi. Tnm, “ Et Jiaec ,” inquit, “ mea 
sunt ornamental 


Themistocles. 


132. Memoriam in Themistocle fuisse singularem 
ferunt. Itaque quum ei Simonides artem memoriae pol- 
liceretur, 3 “ Oblimonis ,” 6 inquit, “ mallem ; 7 nam me- 
mmi etiam , quae* nolo / oblivisci non possum, quae 


• volo” 


133. Themistocles quum consuleretur, 3 utrum bono 
viro pauperi, an minus probato diviti filiam collocaret,® 
“ Ego vero” inquit, “ malo virum , qui peeunid 10 eg eat* 
quampecuniam, quae viro” 

134, Themistocles interroganti, 12 utrum Achilles 18 
esse mallet, 14 an Homerus, respondit: “ Tu vero mal- 
lesne 16 te in Olympico certamme victorem 18 renuntidri , 
an praeco 13 esse , qui victorum norrnna 17 procldmat” 


Diogenes , the Cynic. 


135. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum 18 profectus, quum 
videret 3 magnificas 19 portas et urbem exiguam, Myn- 
dios monuit, ut portas clauderent, 20 ne urbs egrederetur. 20 


363. 


8 445, 6. 


16 346, II. 1,1); 485. 


2 163, 1. 

9 518, n. 
4 414, 4. 


10 419, III. 

11 501, I. 

12 575; 384. 

13 547, 1. 

14 525. 


9 625: 526, II. 1. 


16 546. 

17 76, 1. 

18 379. 

19 164. 

20 489. 


6 295, 3 ; 622, II. 
8 397, 1, (3). 

7 486, 486, 3. 



ANECDOTES. 


49 


Thrasybulus. 

136. Quum quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe- 
niensium a tyrannorum dominatione liberavit, dixisset: 1 
a Qucmtas tibi gratias Athenae debent! ” ille respondit: 
a Diifaciant , 3 ut quantas ipse patriae debeo gratias , tan- 
tas ei videar 3 retulisse 


Xerxes. 

137. Xerxes refertns donis 4 fortunae, non equitatu,* 
non pedestribus copiis, non navium multitudine, non in¬ 
finite pondere 6 auri contentus, praeminm ei proposuit, 
qui invenisset 7 novam voluptatem. 

Metellus Pius. 

138. Metellus Pius, in Hispania bellum gerens 8 in¬ 
terrogate, quid postero die 9 facturus esset % 10 “ Tunicam 
meamf inquit, “ si id 11 eloqui posset , comburerem .” 13 

Publius Putilius Rufus. 

139. Publius Putilius Rufus quum amici cujusdam 

injusfae rogationi 13 resisteret, 1 atque is per summam 14 
indignationem dixisset, “ Quid ergo mibi 15 opus est ami- 
citia 15 tua, si, quod 16 rogo, non facis ? ” “ Immo ,” in¬ 

quit, “quid mihi tua , si propter te aVtquid injuste- 
facturus sum f ” 

Philip. 

140. Mulier quaedam a Pbilippo, quum a convivio 


1 518, n. 7 500, 2. 12 610, 1. 

a 487. 8 578, I. 13 385. 

3 492, 1 ; 649, 4. 9 426. 14 163, 3. 

4 419, m. 10 645. 15 419, 3. 

6 419, IY. 11 371. 16 445, 6. 



50 


LATIN READER. 


temulentus recederet, 1 damn at a, “ A Philippo” inquit, 
“ temulento ad Philippum sobrium provoco.” 

Titus. 

141. Titus amor et deliciae generis humani appella^ 
tus est. Eecordatus quondam super coenam, quod nihil 
cuiquam toto 3 die 3 praestitisset, 4 memorabilem illam 
meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: “ Amici, diem 
perdidi.” 


Xenophon. 

142. Xenophon, quum solemne sacrum faceret, 1 
filium apud Mantineam in proelio cecidisse & cognovit. 
Coronam deposuit, sed, ut audlvit fortissime pugnantem 
interiisse, 6 coronam capiti 7 reposuit, numina testatus, se 8 
majorem ex virtute filii voluptatem, quam ex morte 
dolorem sentlre. 


Biagoras , the Rhodian. 

143. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus filii in ludis 
Oljmpicis victores renun tiati essent, 1 tanto affectus est 
gaudio, 9 ut in ipso stadio, inspeetante populo/ 0 in filiorum 
manibus 11 animam redderet. 13 

Euripides , the Tragic Poet. 

144, Atlienienses quondam ah Euripide postulabant, 
ut ex tragoedia sententiam quandam tolieret. 13 Ille 
autem in scenam progressus dixit, se fabiilas componer* 
solere, 14 ut populum doceret, 15 non ut a popiilo disceret. 


5i8, n. 

8 295, 3. 

11 118, 1, l 

151. 

7 384, II. 

12 494. 

426. 

6 645. 

13 492, 3. 

554, IV. 

0 414, 4. 

14 272, 3. 

551, I. 

10 431; 431, 2, (1). 

15 491. 



ANECDOTES. 


51 


Tiberius , the Roman Emperor. 

145, Tiberius praesidibus 1 onerandas tributo 3 pro 
vincias 9 suadentibus 4 rescripsit: “ Boni pastdris 5 est, 
tondere*perns, non deglubere .” 

146, Tiberius, Ilieusium legatis 7 paulo 8 serius 9 de 
porte filii Drusi consolantibus, irrldens, se quoque , re- 
‘spondit, vicem 10 eorum dolere , quod egregium civem Hec¬ 
tor em 11 amisissentB Effluxerant autem turn plus quam 
mille 13 anni a morte Hectoris. 

Simonides. 

147, Quum de Simomde 14 quaesivisset 18 tyrannus 
Hiero, quid esset 16 Deus; deliberandi 17 sibi unum diem 
postulavit. Quum idem 18 ex eo postridie quaereret, 16 
biduum petivit. Quum saepius duplicaret numerum 
dierum, admiransque Hiero requireret, cur ita faceret 16 ; 
“ Quia” inquit, “ quanto 10 diutius considero^ tantomihi 
res videtur obscurior 


1 384; 81, 2. 8 418. 14 374, 3, 4). 


419, 2, 1). 

9 444, 1 & 4. 16 618, 11. 

545. 

10 133, 1; 371, 3,1). 16 525. 

577. 

u 363. 17 563. 

401. 

“ 531. 16 371. 

549. 

18 178. 19 418. 

431, 2, (1). 




ROMAN HISTORY. 


Note. —It is recommended that, in reading the Roman History, special 
attention should be given to the Synopsis of Conjugation and to the For¬ 
mation of the Parts of the Verb. — 213-288. 

Period I.—Italian and Roman Kings. 

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE BANISHMENT OF TARQUIN, 510 B. C. 

Early Italian Kings.—Aeneas in Italy. 

148 , Antiquissnnis 1 temponbus 1 2 Satumus inltaliam 
venisse dicitur. 3 Ibi baud procul a Janiciilo arcem con- 
didit, eamque Saturniam 4 appellavit. Hie Italos primus 5 
agricultural!! 6 docuit. 7 

149 , Postea Latinus in illis regiombus imperavit. 
Sub hoc rege Troja in Asia eversa est. Hinc Aeneas, 
Ancblsae filius, cum inultis Trojanis, quibus 8 ferrum 
Graec5rum pepercerat,® aufugit, 10 et in Italiam perve- 
nit. 10 Ibi Latinus rex ei 11 benigne recepto filiam Lavi- 
niam in matrimonium dedit. 9 Aeneas urbem condidit, 
quam in bonorem conjugis 12 Lavinium appelbivit. 

Ascanius and the Kings of Alba. 

150, Post Aeneae mortem Ascanius, Aeneae filius, 
regnum accepit. Hie sedem regni in alium locum 


1 444, 1. 6 442, 1. * 273,1. 2. 

2 426. 6 374. 10 273, II. 1. 

* 549, 4. 7 213, II. 11 384, II. 

4 373. 8 385. 12 96, 3. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


53 


transtiilit, 1 urbemque condidit in monte 2 Albano, eam- 
que Albam Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est 3 
Silvius, qni post Aeneae mortem a Lavinia gemtus erat. 
Ejus posteri omnes,-usque ad Eomam conditam, 4 Albae 6 
regnaverunt. 

151. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios rell- 
quit, 6 Eumitorem et Amulium. Horum minor 7 natu, 8 
Amulius, fratri optionem dedit, utrum regnum babere 
vellet, 9 an bona, 10 quae pater reliquisset. 11 JSTumitor pa- 
tern a bona praetulit; 1 Amulius regnum obtinuit. 

Birth of Romulus and Remus . 

152. Amulius, ut regnum firmissime possideret, 12 
Numitoris filium per insidias interemit, 13 et filiam fra- 
tris, Ebeam Silviam, Yestalem yirgmem fecit. 13 Earn 
bis Yestae sacerdotibus non licet viro 14 nubere. Sed 
baec a Marte geminos filios, Eomulum et Eemum, pepe- 
rit. 15 Hoc quum Amulius comperisset, 16 matrem in 
vincula conjecit, pueros autem in Tiberim 17 abjici 
jussit. 18 

153. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripam se efiuderat, 6 
et, quam pueri in vado essent positi, 19 aqua refluens 20 eos 
in sicco reliquit. Ad eorum vagltum lupa accurrit, 21 
eosque uberibus suis aluit. Quod 22 videns Faustulus 
quidam, pastor illlus regionis, pueros sustulit, 1 et uxori 
Accae Laurentiae nutriendos 28 dedit. 


1 292, 2. 

2 110 , 1 . 

* 283. 

4 580. 

5 421, n. 

8 2Y3, II. 1. 
T 165. 

8 429 


9 525. 

10 441, 1. 

11 527. 

12 491. 

13 214, I. 

14 385, 2. 

15 273, I. 1. 

16 518, II. 


17 62, II. 2. 

18 269. 

19 518, I. 

20 578, II. 

21 255, I. 4. 

22 453. 

23 578, Y. 


' 



LATIN HEADER. 


54 


Borne founded , 753 B. G. 

154, Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores 
transegerunt. 1 Quum adolevissent, 2 et forte comperis- 
sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset, 3 Amulium 
interfecerunt, et ISTumitori avo regnum restituerunt. 
Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventlno, quam Ro¬ 
mulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. Haec quum moe- 
nibus 4 circumdaretur, 2 Remus occlsus est, dnm fratrem 
irrldens moenia transiliebat. 

Seizure of the Sabine Women. 

155, Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, 5 asylum 
patefecit,* ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis pulsi accur- 
rerunt. Sed novae urbis embus 7 conjuges deerant. 
Itaque festum Reptuni et ludos instituit. Ad lios quum 
multi 8 ex finitimis populis cum mulieribus et liberis 
venissent, 2 Romani inter ipsos ludos spectantes 0 virgines 
rapuerunt. 

156, Populi illi, quorum virgines raptae erant, bel- 
lum adversus raptores susceperunt. Quum Romae 10 ap- 
propinquarent, 2 forte in Tarpeiam virginem inciderunt, 
quae in arce sacra procurabat. Hanc rogabant, ut viam 
in arcem monstraret, 11 elque permiserunt, ut munus sibi 
posceret. 12 Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent, 11 quod 13 in sinistris 
manibus 14 gererent, 15 anniilos aureos et armillas signifi- 
cans. At hostes in arcem ab ea perducti scutis Tarpeiam 
obruerunt; nam et ea in sinistris manibus gerebant. 


1 255, II. 6 273, II. 1. 11 492, 2. 

2 518, H. 7 386, 2. “ 273, I. 2. 

8 525. 8 441, 1. 13 445, 6. 

4 131, 1; 414. * 0 578,1. 14 118, 1. 

6 269 ; 491. 10 386. 16 527. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


55 


The Sabina are received into the City.—Death of Romulus. 

157. Turn Romulus cum lioste, qui mcntem Tarpe- 
ium tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc 
forum Romanum est. In media 1 caede raptae 2 processo- 
runt, et liinc patres, bine conjuges et soceros complecte- 
bantur, et rogijbant, ut caedis finem facerent. 3 Utrlque 
bis precibus commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, .et Sa- 
blnos in urbem recepit. 

158. Postea civitatem descripsit. 4 * Centum senato- 
res legit., 6 eosque quum ob aetatem, turn ob reverentiam 
iis debitam, Patres appellant. Plebem in triginta curias 
distribuit, easque raptarum nomimbus nuncupavit. An¬ 
no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lustraret, 6 
inter tempestatem ortam 7 repente oculis 8 bommum sub- 
ductus est. Hinc alii 9 eum a senatonbus interfectum, 
alii ad deos sublatum 10 esse existimaverunt. 

Numa Dompilius. 

159. Post Romuli mortem uni us. anni interregnum 
fuit. Quo elapso, 11 Huma Pompilius Curibus, 12 urbe in 
agro Sabinorum, natus rex creatus est. Hie vir bellum 
q.uidem nullum gessit; nec minus tamen civitati 8 profuit. 
Ham et leges dedit, et sacra plurnna instituit, ut populi 
barbari et bellicosi mores molliret. 13 Omnia autem, 
quae faciebat, se nympliae Egeriae, conjugis suae, mo- 
nitu facere dicebat. Morbo decessit, 14 quadragesimo 
tertio imperii anno. 


11 431, 2. 

12 421, H. 

13 491. 

14 258, I. 2. 


1 441, 6. 

2 575. 

3 492, 2. 

4 258, I. 3. 

6 255, II. 


6 518 , n. 

7 577. 

8 386. 

9 459. 

19 292, 2. 



56 


LATIN READER. 


Tullus Uostilius. 


160. Humae 1 successit Tullus Hostilius, cujus avus 
se in bello adversus Sablnos fortem et strenuum virum 
praestiterat. 3 Eex 8 creatus bellum Albanis indixit, id- 
que trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatiorum, certa- 
mme finlvit. Albam propter perfidiam Metii Suffetii 
diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis 4 regnasset, 6 fulmine 
ictus cum domo sua arsit. 0 


Ancus Marcius. 


161. Post liunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filia ne- 
pos, suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate et religione 
avo 7 similis, Latinos bello domuit, 8 urbem ampliavit, et 
nova ei 9 moenia circumdedit. Carcerem primus 10 aedi- 
ficavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Ostiamque 
vocavit. Yicesimo quarto anno imperii morbo obiit. 11 


Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. 


162. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priscus ac- 
cepit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos patriae Corinthi fu- 
giens in Etruriam venerat. Ipse Tarquinius, qui nomen 
ab urbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Eoinam 13 profec- 
tus 13 erat. 

163. Quum Eomae 14 commoraretur, 6 Anci regia 
familiaritatem consecutus est, qui cmn filiurum suorum 
tutorem 15 rellquit. Sed is pupillis 1 regnum intercepit. 
Senatoribus, auos Eomulus creaverat, centum alios ad' 


1 386. 


6 269. 

7 391. 

8 260. 


11 295, 3. 

12 379. 

13 283. 

14 421 , n. 

i6 373. 


3 261, 2. 

3 362, 3. 

4 378, 1. 

6 518, II. 


0 384, n. 1. 
10 442, 1. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


57 


didit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Plura bella 
feliciter gessit, nec pauco3 agros, liostibus 1 ademptos, 
urbis territorio adjunxit. Primus 2 triumpbans urbem 
intravit. Cloacas fecit; 3 Capitolium incboavit. Tri- 
cesimo octavo imperii anno per Anci filios, 4 quibus 6 reg- 
liurn eripuerat, occlsus est. 

Servius Tullius. 

164. Post bunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium, 
genitus ex nobili femina, captlva tamen et famula. 
Quum adolevisset, 6 rex ei filiam in matrimonium dedit. 

165. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occlsus esset, Tana- 
quil de superiore 7 parte domus populum allocuta est, 
dicens: regem gram quidem , sed non letale minus ac¬ 
cept isse ; eumpetere , ut populus , dum convaluisset* Ser- 
vio Tullio obedlreV Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed 
bene imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi 
adjunxit. 18 Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub eo 
Pom a habuit octoginta tria millia civium cum bis, qui 
in agris erant. 

166. Hie rex interfectus est scelere filiae Tulliae et 
Tarquinii Superbi, filii ejus regis, cui 1 Servius successe- 
rat. Ham ab ipso Tarquinio interfectus est. Tullia in 
forum properavit, et prima conjugem regem salutavit. 
Quum domum 11 redlret, aurlgam super patris corpus, in 
via jacens, 12 carpentum agere jussit. 

Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus , 510 B. 0. 

167. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus 13 me¬ 
ruit. Bello 14 tamen strenuus plures finitimorum poprn 


1 386. 

6 518, II. 

11 379, 3. 

2 442, 1. 

7 163, 8. 

12 577. 

3 255, II. 

6 633, 4. 

13 414, 4. 

4 414, 5, 1). 

9 492, 2. 

14 429. 

386, 2. 

10 258, I. 1. 




58 


LATIN READER. 


lorum vicit. 1 Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedificavit* 
Postea, dnm Ardeam oppugnabat, 2 nrbem Latii, impe- 
rium perdidit. 

168. Lucius Brutus, Collatmus, alilque nonnulli in 
exitium regis conjurarunt, 3 populoque persuaserunt, 4 ut 
ei portas urbis clauderet. 5 Exercitus quoque, qui civita- 
tem Ardeam cum rege oppugnabat, eum rellquit. Fugit 
itaque cum uxore et liberis suis. Ita Bomae septem re- 
ges regnaverunt annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor. 


Period II. —Roman Struggles and Conquests. 

/ROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH TO THE FIRST PUNIC WAR, 
264 B. C. 

Consuls at Rome , 509 B. C .— War with Tarquin. 

169. Tarquinio expulso, 6 consules coepere 7 pro uno 
rege duo creari, ut, si unus malus esset, 8 alter eum coer- 
ceret. 9 Annuum iis imperium tributum est, ne per 
diuturnitatem potestiitis insolentiores redderentur. 0 Fue- 
runt igitur anno primo, expulsis regibus, consules Lucius 
Junius Brutus, aeerrimus 10 libertatis vindex, et Tarqui- 
nius Collatmus. Sed Collatlno 11 paulo post digmtas 
sublata est. 13 Placuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniorum 
familia Bomae maneret. 13 Ergo cum omni patrimonio 
suo ex urbe migravit, et in ejus locum Yalerius Publi- 
cola consul factus est. 14 


1 251, l. 

2 468. 

3 234. 

4 269, I. 

6 492, 2. 


8 609. 

9 491. 

10 163, 1 


7 235, 297. 


8 431, 2. 


11 386. 

12 292, 2. 

13 492. 

14 294. 




ROMAN HISTORY. 


59 


170. Commovit 1 * bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In 
prima pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii filius, 
sess invicem occiderunt. Komani tamen ex ea pugna 
vietores recesserunt. 3 Brutum Bomartae matronae, quasi 
communem patrern, per annum luxerunt. 1 Valerius 
Publicola Spurium Lucretium, collegam 3 sibi 4 * fecit; 
quum morbo exstinctus esset, 6 Publicola Iloratium Pul- 
villum sibi collegam sumpsit. 8 Ita primus annus quin- 
que consules babuit. 

War with Porsena ) 508 B . ( 7 . 

171. Secundo quoque anno iterum Tarquinius bel¬ 
lum Bomanis intulit, 7 Porsena, rege Etruscorum, auxi- 
lium ei ferente. 8 In illo bello Horatius Codes solus 
pontem ligneum defendit, et bostes eobibuit, donee pons 9 
a tergo ruptus esset. 10 Turn se cum armis in Tiberim 11 
conjecit, et ad suos transnavit. 

172. Bum Porsena urbem obsidebat, Quintus Mu- 
cius Scaevola, juvenis fortis aiumi, in castra bostium se 
contulit eo consilio, 12 ut regem occideret. 13 At ibi scri- 
bam regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis satel- 
litibus eomprebensus et ad regem deductus, quum 
Porsena eum ignibus allatis 14 terreret, 16 dextram arac 
accensae imposuit, donee flammis consumpta esset. 10 
Hoc facinus rex miratus juvenem dimisit 16 incolumem. 
Turn bio, quasi beneficium referens, ait, 17 tirecentos alios 
juvenes in eum conjurasse. 16 Hac re territus Porsena 


1 2tO, II. 1. 7 292, 2. 13 492. 

8 258, I. 2. 8 481, 2. 14 580. 

8 313. 9 110, 1. 15 518, II. 

4 384. 10 522, II. 16 258,1. 2. 

6 518, n.; 273, II. 1. 11 62, II. 2. 17 297, II. 

6 258, I. 4. 12 414, 2. 16 234. 

D 



60 


LATEST READER. 


pacem cum Romanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tusciilum 1 
se contiilit, iblque privatus consenuit. 3 


Secession to the Mons Sacer , 494 B. 0. 

173 . Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos, 8 popiilus 
Romae seditionem fecit, questus quod tributis et militia 
a senatu exhauriretur. 4 Magna pars plebis urbem rell- 
quit, et in montem trans Anienem 6 amnem 6 secessit. 
Turn patres turbati Menenium Agrippam miserunt ad 
plebem, qui earn senatui conciliaret. 7 Hie iis inter alia 
fabulam narravit de ventre et membris humani corporis; 
qua popiilus commotus est, ut in urbem redlret. 8 Turn 
primum tribuni plebis creati sunt, qui plebem adversum 
nobilitatis superbiam defenderent. 7 


Banishment of Coriolanus , 491 B. G. 

174 . Undevicesimo anno post exactos reges, Caius 
Marcius, Coriolanus dictus ab urbe Yolscorum Coriolis, 
quam bello ceperat, plebi invlsus 9 fieri coepit. Quare 
urbe 10 expulsus ad Yolscos, acerrimos Romanorum^ bos- 
tes, contendit, et ab iis dux 11 exercitus factus Romanos 
saepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum milliarium urbis 
accesserat, nec ullis civium suorum legationibus flecti 
poterat, ut patriae 13 parceret. 8 Denique Yeturia mater 
et Yolumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venemnt; 18 quarum 
fletu et precibus commotus est, ut exercitum removeret.* 
Quo facto 14 a Yolscis ut proditor occlsus 9 esse dicitur. 



6 107, 1. 

11 862, 3. 

3 282, I. 1. 

7 600. 

12 385. 

3 580. 

8 494. 

13 4G3, n. 

4 520, II. 

9 547, 1. 

14 431, 2, (3). 

6 72 , 4. 

10 425. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


61 


The Fdbii cut off at the Cremera , 477 B. G. 


175 . Romani quum adversum Yeientes bellum ge- 
rerent, 1 2 familia Fabiorum- sola 3 hoc bellum suscepit. 
Profecti * sunt trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, duce 4 
Fabio console. 5 Quum saepe bostes vicissent, 1 apud 
Cremeram fluvium castra posuerunt. Ibi, quum Yeien¬ 
tes dolo 0 usi eos in insidias pellexissent, in proelio exorto T 
omnes perierunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui 
propter aetatem puerllem duci non potuerat ad pugnam. 
Hie genus propagavit ad Quintum Fabium Maximum 
ilium, qui Ilannibalem prudent! cunetatione debilitavit. 


Borne taken by the Gauls , 390 B. G. 


176, Galli Senones ad urbem venerunt, Romanos 
apud flumen Alliam vicerant, et urbem etiam occupa- 
runt. Jam niliil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et 
jam praesidium fame 8 laborabat, et in eo erant, ut pa- 
cem a Gallis auro 9 emerent, 10 quum Camillus cum manu 
militum superyeniens hostes magno proelio superavit. 


Valor of Titus Manlius Torquatus , 361 B. G. 


177 , Anno trecentesimo nonagesimo tertio post ur¬ 
bem conditam Galli iterum ad urbem accesserant, et 
quarto milliario 11 trans Anienem fluvium consederant. 
Contra eos missus est Titus Quinctius. Ibi Gallus qui- 
dam eximia corporis magnitudine 12 fortissimum Romano- 
rum ad certamen singuiare provocavit. Titus Manlius, 


1 sis, n. 

2 151. 

3 283. 

4 430, 431. 


5 363. 

6 419,1. 

7 577 . 

8 414, 2. 


0 416. 

10 494. 

11 422, 1, 2). 

12 428. ' 


4 



62 


LATIN READER. 


nobilissimus juvenis, provocationem accepit, Galium 
occldit, eumque torque 1 aureo spoliavit, quo ornatus 
erat. Hinc et ipse et posteri ejus Torqudti appellati 
suut. Galli fugam capessiverunt . 2 


Beginning of Samnite Wars , 343 B. G. 

178 , Postea Romani bellum gesserunt 3 cum Samni- 
tibus, ad quod Lucius Papirius Cursor cum honore dic- 
tatoris profectus est. Qui 4 quum negotii cujusdam causa 
Romam redlret, 6 praecepit Quin to Fabio Rulliano, ma- 
gistro equltum, quern apud exercitum rellquit, ne pug- 
nam cum lioste committeret. 0 Sed ille occasionem 
nactus 7 felicissime dimicavit, Samnltes delevit. Ob 
banc rem a dictatore capitis 8 damnatus est. At ille in 
urbem confugit, 9 et ingen ti favore 10 mill turn et popiili 
liberatus est; in Papirium autem tanta exorta 11 est 
seditio, ut paene ipse interficeretur. 12 


The Roman Army is made to pass under the yoke, 321 B. G.— The 
Samnites are conquered , 290 B. G. 

179 , Du5bus annis 18 post Titus Yeturius et Spurius 
Postumius consules bellum adversum Samnltes gerebant. 
Hi a Pontio Theleslno, duce liostium, in insidias inducti 
sunt. Nam ad Furculas Caudinas Romanos pellexit 14 in 
angustias, unde sese expedlre non poterant. Ibi Pontius 
patrem suum Herennium rogavit, quid faciendum 16 pu- 
taret. 10 Ille respondit, aut omnes oocidendos esse , ut 


1 419, 2, 1). 

3 332, I. 2). 
3 212, 1 . 

4 453. 

6 518, II. 

6 492, 2. 


7 283. 

8 410, 2. 

9 273, II. 

10 414, 4. 

11 283, 2. 


12 494. 

13 418. 

14 272, I. 2. 

16 545, 3. 

16 374, 4; 525, 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


63 


Romanorum vires franger entur^ aut omnes dimittendos , 
ut benejicio obligarentur . Pontius utrumque 1 2 3 consilium 
improbavit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Samnites 
denique post bellum undequinquaginta annorum supe- 
rati sunt. 


War with Pyrrhus, 281 B. C. 

180 . Devictis Samnitibus , 3 Tarentlnis bellum indic¬ 
tum est, quia legatis Romanorum injuriam fecissent . 4 * 
Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanos auxilium 
poposcerunt . 3 Is mox in Italiam venit, tumque primum 
Romani cum transmarlno boste pugnaverunt. Missus 
est contra eum consul Publius Valerius Laevlnus. Hie, 
quum exploratores Pyrrhi cepisset , 6 jussit eos per castra 
duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent 1 Pyrrho, quaecun- 
ciue 7 a Romanis agerentur . 8 

181 . Pugna commissa , 3 Pyrrhus auxilio elephanto- 
rum vicit. Hox proelio finem dedit. Laevlnus tamen 
per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille octingentos 
cepit, eosque summo 9 honore 10 tractavit. Quum eos, 
qui in proelio interfecti erant, omnes adversis vulneribus 
et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacere videret , 6 tulisse ad 
coelum manus dicitur cum liac voce: “ Ego cum talibus 
viris 11 brevi orbem 13 terrarum subigerem .” 11 

182 . Postea Pyrrhus Romam perrexit; omnia ferro 
igneque vastavit; Campaniam depopulatus est, atque ad 
Praeneste 13 venit, milliario 14 ab urbe octavo decimo. 
Mox terrore exercitus , 16 qui cum consule sequebatur, in 
Campaniam se recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de captlvis 


1 491. 6 518, II. 

2 151, 4. 7 445, 6. 

3 431, 2, (1). 8 527. 

4 520, II. 9 163, 3. 

6 273, I. 2. 10 414, 3. 


11 503, 2, 2); 510. 

12 107, 2. 

19 379, 1. 

14 422, 1. 

15 396, II. 



LATIN KEADER. 


(54 

redimendis 1 missi 2 honorifice ab eo suscepti sunt; captl- 
yos sine pretio reddidit. Unum ex legatis, Fabricium, 
sic admiratus est, ut ei quartam partem regni sni pro- 
mitteret, 3 si ad se translret; 4 sed aFabricio contemptus 6 
est. 

183, Quum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Romandrum admi- 
ratione teneretur, 6 legatum misit Cineam, praestantissi- 
mnm yirum, qui pacem peteret 7 ea conditidne, ut 
Pyrrhus eanj partem Italiae, quam armis occupaverat, 
retineret. 8 Romani responderunt, enm cum Romanis 
pacem habere non posse, nisi ex Italia recessisset. 9 Cineas 
quum rediisset, Pyrrho eum interroganti, qualis ipsi 
Roma visa esset, 10 respondit, se regum jpatriam vidisse" 

184 , In altero proelio Pyrrhus vulneratus est, ele- 
phanti interfecti, yiginti millia hostium caesa sunt. 
Pyrrhus Tarentum fugit. Inteijecto anno, Fabricius 
contra eum missus est. Ad hunc medicus Pyrrhi nocte 
venit promittens, se Pyrrhum yeneno occisurum, 12 si 
munus sibi daretur. 4 Hunc Fabricius yinctum reduci 
jussit ad dommurn. Tunc rex admiratus ilium dixisse 
fertur : “ IUe est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestdte , 
quam sol a cursu suo arerti potest” Paulo post Pyr¬ 
rhus, tertio etiam proelio fusus, 13 a Tarento recessit. 


1 566, II. ; 580. 

6 518, n. 

10 525. 

2 577. 

7 500, 1. 

11 542, 1. 

3 494. 

8 495, 3. 

12 545, 3. 

4 509. 

0 533, 4. 

13 273, II. 2. 

5 281. 





ROMAIC HISTORY. 


65 


Period III. —Roman Triumphs. 

FROM THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE, 146 B. C. 


First Funic, War, 264 B. C. 

185 . Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post urbem 
conditam Roman or um exercitus primum in Siciliam tra- 
jecerunt , 1 regemque Syracusarum Hierdnem, Poenosque, 
qui multas civitates in ea insula occupaverant, superave- 
runt. Quinto anno hujus belli, quod contra Poenos 
gerebatur, primum Romani, Caio Duillio, Cnaeo Cor- 
nelio Asina consulibus , 3 mari 3 dimicaverunt. Duillius 
Carthaginienses vicit , 4 triginta naves occupavit, quattu- 
ordecim mersit , 5 septem millia bostium cepit, tria millia 
occldit. Rulla victoria Romanis gratior fuit. 

First Punic War . continued.—Invasion of Africa, 256 B. G. 

• 186 . Paucis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam 
est translatum. Hamilcar, Cartbaginiensium dux, pug- 
na navali superatus est; nam, perditis sexaginta quattuor 
navibus, se recepit; Romani viginti duas amiserunt. 
Quum in Africam venissent , 6 Poenos in pluribus 7 proe- 
liis vicerunt, magnam vim 8 bominum ceperunt, septua- 
ginta quattuor civitates in fidem acceperunt. Turn victi 
Carthaginienses pacem a Romanis petierunt . 9 Quam 10 
quum Marcus Atilius Regulus, Romanorum dux, dare 
nollet 11 nisi durissimis conditionibus, Carthaginienses 
auxilimn petierunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xanthippum 


1 461, 1 ; 260, 2, 1). 6 258, I. 1. 9 234. 

2 431. 6 518, II. 10 453. 

3 422, 1. 7 165, 1. 11 518. 

4 273, II. 8 66. 




06 


LATIN READER. 


miserunt, qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit. 
Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 

187 . Non tamen ublque fortuna Cartbaginiensibus 
favit . 1 Quum aliquot proeliis victi essent , 2 Regulum ro- 
gaverunt, ut Eomam proficisceretur , 3 et pacem captivo- 
runique permutationem a Romanis impetraret. Ille 
quum Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se 
desiisse 4 Romanum esse ex ilia die^qua* in potestdtem 
Poendrum venisset. 9 Turn Romanis suasit , 7 ne pacem 
cum Cartbaginiensibus facerent: 8 illos enim tot casibus 
fractos sjpem nullam nisi in pace habere : 9 tanti 10 non 
esse , ut tot millia capti/odrum propter se unum etpaucos , 
qui ex Romanis capti essent , 6 redderentur" Haec spi- 
tentia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissi- 
mis suppliciis exstinctus est . 12 

End of the First Punic War , 241 B. G. 

188 . Tandem, Caio Lmatio Catulo, Aulo Postumio 
consulibus, anno belli Punici vicesimo tertio magnum 
proeliutn navale commissum est contra Liljbaeum, pro- 
montorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta tres 
Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinque 
demersae , 13 triginta duo millia bostium capta, tredecim 
millia occlsa sunt. Statim Cartbaginienses pacem peti- 
erunt, eisque pax tributa 14 est. Captivi Romanorum, 
qui tenebantur a Cartbaginiensibus, redditi sunt. Poeni 
Sicilia , 16 Sardinia, et ceteris insulis, quae inter Italiam 
Africamque jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Hispaniam, 
quae citra Iberum est, Romanis permiserunt. 


1 270. 

6 531. 

11 495, 2. 

2 518, n. 

7 269. 

32 272, I. 

3 492, 2; 374, 4. 

8 492, 2. 

13 272, II. 

4 234. 

9 530, 1. 

14 279. 

6 426. 

10 402, 1. 

15 434, 1. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


67 


Siege of Saguntum.—The Second Punic War , 218 B. G. 

189 . Paulo 1 post Punicum bellum renovatum est 
per Hannibalem, Cartbaginiensium ducem, quern pater 2 
Hamilcar novem annos 3 natum aris 4 admoverat, ut 
odium perenne in Romanos juraret . 5 Hie annum agens 
vicesimum aetatis Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Ro¬ 
manis 6 anricam, oppugnare aggressus est . 7 Huic Romani 
per legatos denun tiaverunt, ut bello 8 abstineret . 9 Qui 
quum legatos admittere nollet , 10 Romani Cartbaginem 
miserunt, ut mandaretur 6 Hannibali, ne bellum contra 
socios populi Romani gereret . 11 Dura responsa a Car- 
tbaginiensibus reddita. Saguntlnis interea fame yietis, 
Romani Cartbaginiensibus bellum indixerunt. 

Hannibal crosses the Alps , 218 B. G.—Battles of the Ticinus, Tre- 
bia , and Lalce Trasimenus.—Battle of Cannae , 216 B. G. 

190 . Hannibal, fratre Ilasdrubale in Hispania re- 
licto , 12 Pjrenaeum et Alpes transiit. Traditur in Italiam 
octoginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, sep- 
tem et triginta elepbantos abduxisse. Interea multi Li- 
gures et Galli Hannibali se conjunxerunt. Primus 13 ei 
occurrit Publius Cornelius Scipio, qui, proelio ad Ticl- 
num commisso, superatus est, et, vulnere accepto , 13 in 
castra rediit. Turn Sempronius Graccbus conflixit ad 
Trebiam amnem. Is quoque vincitur . 14 Multi populi 
se Hannibali dediderunt. Inde in Etruriam progressuS 
Flaminium consulem ad Trasimenum lacum superat . 14 


1 418. 

3 447. 
9 378. 

4 386. 
6 491. 


6 391. 

7 283. 

8 425, 2. 

9 492, 2. 

10 518. 


11 492. 

12 431, 2, (3). 
18 442, 1. 

14 467, III. 



68 


LATIN READER. 


Ipse Flaminius interemptus, Romanurum viginti quin- 
que millia caesa sunt. 

191 . Qumgentesimo duodequadragesimo anno post 
urbem conditam Lucius Aemilius Paulus et Caius Te- 
rentius Yarro contra Hannibalem mittuntur. Quam- 
quam intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vinci 
posse quam mora, Yarro tamen, morae 1 impatiens, apud 
vicum, qui Cannae appellatur, in Apulia pugnavit; 
ambo consules victi, Paulus interemptus est. In ea 
pugna consulares aut praetorii yiginti, senatores triginta 
capti aut occisi ; 2 militum quadraginta millia, equitum 
tria millia et quingenti perierunt. In bis tantis malis 
nemo tamen pacis mentionem facere dignatus est. 
Servi, quod 3 nunquam ante factum , 2 manumissi et indi¬ 
tes facti sunt. 

192 . Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates, 
quae Romanis 4 paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtule- 
runt . 5 Hannibal Romanis obtulit, ut captlvos redime- 
rent ; 6 responsumque est a senatu, eos cives non esse 
necessarios , qui armdti cajpi jpotuissent Hos omnes 
ille postea variis suppliers interfecit, et tres rnodios au- 
reorum annulorum Cartbaginem misit, quos rnambus 8 
equitum Romanorum et senatorum detraxerat . 9 Interea 
in Ilispania frater Ilannibabs, Hasdrubal, qui ibi reman- 
serat 10 cum magno exercitu, a duobus Scipionibus vin- 
citur , 11 perditque in pugna triginta quinque millia 
bominum. 

193 . In Sicilia res prospere gesta est . 12 Marcellus 
magnarn bujus insulae partem cepit, quam Poeni occu- 


: 399, 2. 

6 292, 2. 

9 258, 1. 1. 

* 460, 3. 

6 492. 

10 269. 

3 445, 7. 

7 500, 2. 

11 467, m. 

4 385. 

8 386, 2. 

12 272, I. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


69 


paverant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expugnavit, 
et ingentem inde praedam Romam 1 misit. Laevinus in 
Macedonia cum Philippo et multis Graeciae populis 
amicitiam fecit; et in Siciliam profectus 8 Ilannonem, 
Poenorum ducem, apud Agrigen turn cepit; quadraginta 
civitates in deditionem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit. 
Ita omni Sicilia recepta , 8 cum ingenti gloria Pom am re- 
gressus est. 

194 . Interea in Hispaniam, ubi duo Scipiones ab 
Ilasdrubale interfecti erant, missus est Publius Cornelius 
Scipio, vir Pomanorum omnium fere primus . 4 Hie, puer 
duodeviginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticinum, patrem 
singulari virtute servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannen- 
sem multos nobilissimorum juvenum Italiam deserere 
cupientium , 6 auctoritate sua ab hoc consilio deterruit. 
Yiginti quattuor annos natus in Hispaniam missus, die , 8 
qua venit, Carthagmem Hovam cepit, in qua omne 
aurum et argentum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant, 
nobilissimos quoque obsides , 7 quos ab Ilispanis accepe- 
rant. Ilos obsides parentibus reddidit. Quare omnes fere 
Hispaniae civitates ad eum uno ammo 8 transierunt. 

195 . Anno quarto decimo postquam in Italiam Han¬ 
nibal venerat, Scipio consul creatus, et in Africam mis¬ 
sus est. Ibi contra Ilannonem, ducem Carthaginiensium, 
prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exercitum delet . 9 Se- 
cundo proelio undecim millia hominum occldit, et castra 
cepit cum quattuor millibus et quingentis militibus. 
Qua 10 re audita , 3 omnis fere Italia Hannibalem deserit. 
Ipse a Carthaginiensibus in Africam redlre jubetur. Ita 
Italia liberata est. 


3 431, 2, (3). 

4 166. 


1 379. 

2 283. 


6 677. 

6 426. 

7 81, 2. 


8 414, 3. 
0 264. 

10 463. 




70 


LATIN EEADEE. 


Battle of Zama, 202 B. G. 

196 . Post plures pugnas et pacem plus semel frustra 
tentatam, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in qua peritis- 
simi duces copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipio 
victor recedit; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit. 
Post hoc proelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. 
Scipio, quum Romam rediisset , 1 ingenti gloria triumpha- 
vit, atque Africanus appellatus est. Sic finem accepit 
secundum Punicum bellum post annum undevicesimum 
quam 9 coeperat. 

War with Philip. — Cynoscephalae , 197 B. G. 

197 . Pinlto Punico bello, secutum est Macedonicum 
contra Pliilippum regem. Superatus est rex a Tito 
Quinctio Flaminio apud Cynosceplialas, paxque ei data 
est. 

War with Perseus.—Pydna, 168 B. C. 

198 . Pliilippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, filius ejus 
Perseus rebellavit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Po¬ 
rn anorum, Publius Licinius consul, contra eum mis- 
sus, gravi proelio a rege victus est. Pex tamen pacem 
petebat. Cui 3 Pomani earn praestare noluerunt, nisi 
his conditionibus, ut se et suos Pomanis dederet . 4 Mox 
Aemilius Paulus consul regem ad Pydnam superavit, et 
viginti millia peditum ejus occldit. Equitiitus cum rege 
fugit. IJrbes Macedoniae omnes, quas rex tenuerat, 
Pomanis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amlcis desertus 
in Pauli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus 
gestis , 6 cum ingenti pompa Pomam rediit in navePersei, 
inusitatae magnitudinis ; 8 nam sedecim remorum ordines 


1 618, n. 

8 42*7, 3. 


3 463. 

4 495, 3. 


6 431, 2, (3). 
8 396, IV. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


71 


habuisse dicitur. Triumpbavit magnificentissime 1 in 
chit u aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere 2 adstantibus. 
Ante currnm inter captl 70 s duo regis filii et ipse Perseus 
ducti sunt. 


Third Punic War , 149 B. C. 


199 . Tertium deinde bellum contra Cartbaginem 
'susceptum est. Lucius Marcius Censorlnus et Manius 
Manlius consules in Africam trajecerunt, et oppugnave-* 
runt Cartbaginem. Multa ibi praeclare gesta sunt per 
Scipionem, 3 Scipionis Africani nepotem, qui tribunus 4 
in Africa militabat. 

200 . Quum jam magnum esset 5 Scipionis nomen, 
tertio anno postquam Romani in Africam trajecerant, 
consul est creatus, et contra Cartbaginem missus. Is 
banc urbem acivibus acerrime 6 defensam 7 cepit ac dirnit. 
Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa sunt, quae 
multarum civitatum excidiis Cartliago collegerat. Haec 
omnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Siciliae, Africae reddi¬ 
dit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Cartliago septingente- 
simo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio 
nomen Africani junioris 8 accepit. 


1 305; 164. 

2 422, 1. 

*414, 5, 1). 


4 363. 

6 518, n. 

• 305; 163, 1. 


7 678, IV. 
6 168, 8. 



72 


LATIN READER. 


Period IV.—Civil Dissensions. 


FROM THE CONQUEST OF GREECE TO THE DISSOLUTION OF THE ROMAN COMMON¬ 
WEALTH, 31 B. C. 


Numantia taken , 133 B. G. 


201 . Deinde bellum exortum est cum Human tlnis, 
civitate Hispaniae. Yictus 1 2 ab bis Quintus Pompeius, 
et post eum Caius Hostilius Manclnus consul, qui pacem 
cum iis fecit infamem, quam populus et senatus jussit 3 
infringi, atque ipsum Manclnum bostibus tradi. Turn 
Publius Scipio Africanus in Hispaniam missus est. Is 
primum militem ignavum et corruptum correxit; 3 turn 
multas Hispaniae civitates partim bello cepit, partim in 
deditionem accepit. Postremo ipsam Humantiam fame 
ad deditionem coegit, urbemque evertit; reliquam 4 pro- 
vinciam in fidem accepit. 

Mithridatic War.—First Civil War. — Marius , Sulla , 88 B. G. 

202, Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo sexagesimo 
sexto primum Pomae bellum civile exortum est; eodem 
anno etiam Mithridaticum. Causam bello civlli Caius 
Marius dedit. Ham quum Sullae bellum adversus Mitb- 
ridatem, regem Ponti, decretum esset, 6 Marius ei 6 bunc 
bonorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui adbuc cum 
legionibus suis in Italia morabatur, 7 cum exercitu Rom am 
venit, et adversarios quum 8 interfecit, turn fugavit. Turn 
rebus Romae utcunque compositis, in Asiam profectus 
est, pluribusque proeliis Mitbridatem coegit, ut pacem a 


1 460, 3. 

2 463, 3. 

3 214, I. 


4 441, 6. 
6 618, II. 
6 386, 2. 


7 468. 

8 687, I. 6. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


73 


Romanis peteret, 1 et Asia, quam invaserat, relicta, regni 
sui finibus 3 contentiis esset. 


Civil War , continued . 


203 . Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem 
vincit, 3 Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius Cinna, 
unus ex consulibus, 4 bellum in Italia repararunt, 5 et in- 
gressi Romam nobilissimos ex senatu et consulares-viros 
interfecerunt; multos proscripserunt; ipslus Sullae domo 
eversa, filios et uxorem ad fugam compulerunt. 6 Uni- 
versus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullam in 
Graeciam yenit, orans ut patriae subvenlret. 1 Sulla in 
Italiam trajeeit, bostium exercitus yicit, 7 mox etiam 
urbem ingressus est, quam caede 8 et sanguine civium 
replevit. Quattuor millia inermium, 9 qui se dediderant, 
interfici jussit; duo millia equitum et senatorum pro- 
scripsit. 10 Turn de Mithridate triumphavit. Duo baec 
bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et sociale dictum est, 
et civile, ultra centum et quinquaginta millia hominum, 
viros consulates viginti quattuor, praetorios septem, aedi- 
litios sexaginta, senatores fere ducentos consumpserunt. 11 


War of the Gladiators. — Spartacus , 73 B. C. 


204 . Anno urbis sexcentesimo octogesimo primo 
novum in Italia bellum commotum 13 est. Septuaginta 
enim quattuor gladiatores, ducibus 13 Spartaco, Crixo, et 
Oenomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuae 14 erat, effuge- 
runt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius bellum,. 


1 492, 2. 

2 419, IV. 

3 467, 4. 

4 398, 4. 

6 234. 


6 27M. 2. 

7 273, II. 

8 419, 2, 1). 

6 441. 


11 258, I. 4. 

12 270, II. 

13 430, 431. 
M 421, II. 


10 258, I. 3. 



74 


LATIN READER. 


quam Hannibal, moverunt. 1 Ham contraxerunt 2 exer- 
citum fere sexaginta millinm armatorum, multosque 
duces et duos Romanos consules vicerunt. Ipsi victi 
sunt in Apulia a Marco Licinio Crasso proconsiile, et, 
post multas calamities Italiae, tertio anno 3 liuic bello 
finis est impositus. 

( Pompey puts down the Pirates , 67 B. G.—Is appointed successor to 
Lucullus.—Death of Mithridates, 63 B. G. 

205. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infesta- 
bant ita, nt Romanis, 4 toto orbe 6 terrarum victoribus, 
sola navigatio tuta non esset. 6 Quare id bellum Cnaeo 
Pompeio decretum est, quod intra paucos menses incre- 
dibili felicitate et celeritate con fecit. Mox eidelatum 7 
bellum contra regem Mithridatem et Tigranem. Quo 8 
suscepto, Mithridatem in Armenia Minore nocturno 
proelio vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta millibus ejus 
occlsis, viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit et duos 
centuriones. Mithridates fugit 9 cum uxore et duobus 
comitibus, 10 neque 11 multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sedi¬ 
tion e coactus, 12 yenenum hausit. 13 Hunc vitae finem 
habuit Mithridates, vir ingentis industriae atque consilii. 
Regnavit annis 14 sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus; 
contra Romanos bellum habuit annis quadraginta. 

Victories of Pompey over Tigranes: he tales Jerusalem , 63 B. G. 

206. Tigrani deinde Pompeius bellum intulit. Ill© 
se ei dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema 


1 270. 

"494. 

11 587,1. 2. 

a 272. 

7 292, 2 ; 460, 3. 

12 273, II. 

3 426. 

8 453 ; 431, 2, (3). 

13 286, I. 

4 391. 

9 273, II. 

14 378, 1. 

6 422, 1, 1). 

00 




ROMAN HISTORY. 


75 


suum in ejus manibus collocavit, quod ei Pompeius re- 
posuit. Parte 1 regni eum multavit et grandi pecunia. 
Turn alios etiam reges et popiilos superavit. Armeniam 
Minorem Deiotaro, 8 Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium 
contra Mithridatem tulerat. Seleuciam, viclnam Antio- 
clilae 3 civitatem, libertate 8 donavit, quod regem Tigra- 
nem non recepisset. 4 Inde in Judaeam transgressus, 
Hierosolymam, caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duode- 
cim millibus Judaeorum occlsis, ceteris in fidem receptis. 
His 6 gestis finem antiquissimo bello imposuit. Ante 
triumphantis currum ducti sunt filii Mithridatis, tilius 
Tigranis, et Aristobulus, rex Judaeorum. Praelata in¬ 
gens pecunia, auri atque argenti infinitum pondus. Hoc 
tempore nullum per orbem terrarum grave bellum erat. 


Catiline's Conspiracy , 6B B. C. 


207 . Marco Tullio Cicerone 6 oratore et Caio Anto¬ 
nio consulibus, anno ab urbe condita 7 sexcentesimo nona- 
gesimo primo Lucius Sergius Catilina, nobilissimi generis 
vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delendam 8 patriam conju- 
ravit cum quibusdam Claris quidem, sed audacibus viris. 
A Cicerone urbe 9 expulsus est, socii ejus depreliensi et 
in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consiile, 
Catilina ipse proelio victus est et interfectus. 


Caesar Consul , 59 B. C.: in Gaul , 58 B. C. 


208 . Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo 
quinto Caius Julius Caesar cum Lucio Bibulo consul est 
factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset, 10 semper vincendo 11 


1 425, 2, 2). 

3 384, 1. 

8 391. 

4 520, n. 


7 580. 

8 565, 1. 


6 414. 


6 430, 431. 


9 425. 

10 518, II. 

11 566, I. 



76 


LATIN READER. 


usque ad Ocean urn Britannicum processit. 1 2 Domuit* 
autem annis novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter 
Alpes, flu men Rhodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est. 
Britannis mox bellum intiilit, 3 quibus 4 * ante eum ne 
nomen quidem Romanorum cognitum 6 erat; Germa- 
nos quoque trans Rhenum aggressus, ingen tibus proeliis. 
vicit. 

Civil War of Pompey and Caesar, 49 B. C. 

209 . Bellum civile successit, 1 quo Romani nominis 
fortuna mutata est. Caesar enim victor e Gallia rediens, 
absens coepit poscere alterum consulatum ; quern 6 quum 
multi sine dubitatione deterrent, 7 contradictum est a 
Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, dimissis exercitibus, in 
urbem redlre. Propter hanc injuriam ab Arimino, ubi 
milites congregatos 8 habebat, infesto exercitu 8 Rom am 
contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, senatusque omnis 
atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fugit, 10 et in Graeciam 
transmit; et, dum senatus bellum contra Caesarem para- 
bat, liic vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem se fecit. 

J)efeat of Pompey's party in Spain.—Battle of Pharsalia, 48 B. C. 

—Death of Pompey. 

210 . Inde Hispanias petiit, 11 iblque Pompeii legiones 
jsuperavit; turn in Graecia adversum Pompeium ipsum 
dimicavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus ; evasit 13 
tamen, quia, nocte interveniente, Pompeius sequi no- 
luit; 13 dixitque Caesar, nec Pompeium scire vincere, et 
illo tantum die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Thes- 
salia apud Pharsalum ingen tibus utrimque copiis 14 com- 


1 258, I. 2. 

2 260. 

3 292, 2. 

4 391. 

6 575. 


*453. 

7 518. 

8 388, 1, 2). 

9 414, 7. 

10 463, I. 


11 234. 

12 272, II. 

13 293. 

14 414. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


77 


missis dimicayerunt. Runquam adhuc Romanae copiae 
majores neqiie melioribus ducibus 1 conyenerant. Pug- 
natum est 8 ingenti contentione, 3 yictusque ad postremum 
PompSius, et castra ejus direpta sunt. Ipse fugatus 
Alexandrlam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, cui tutor 4 a se- 
natu datus fuerat, acciperet 5 auxilia. At hie fortunam 
magis quam amicitiam secutus, 6 occldit Pompeium, caput 
ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo 7 conspecto, Caesar 
lacrfmas fudisse 8 dicitur, tanti yiri intuens caput, et ge- 
neri quondam 9 sui. 

Caesar assassinated in the Senate-House, 44 B. C. 

211 . Quum ad Alexandrlam yenisset Caesar, Ptole- 
maeus ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi helium 
illatum 10 est. Rex yictus in Rilo periit, inyentumque 
est corpus ejus cum lorlca aurea. Caesar, Alexandria 11 
potltus, regnum Cleopatrae dedit. 12 Turn inde profec- 
tus 6 Pompeianarum partium reliquias est persecutus, 
bellisque 13 ciyilibus toto terrarum orbe 14 compositis, Ro- 
mam rediit. Ubi quum insolentius 15 age re coepisset, 16 
conjuratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senatori- 
bus, equitibusque Romanis. Praecipui fuerunt inter 
conjuratos 17 Bruti duo ex genere illlus Bruti, qui, regi¬ 
bus expulsis, primus Romae consul fuerat. Ergo Caesar, 
quum in curiam yenisset, yiginti tribus vulneribus con- 
fossus est. 


1 414, 1. 

7 453; 431, 2, (3). 

13 431, 2, (3). 

2 301, 1 

8 273, II. 2. 

14 422, 1, 1). 

3 414, 3. 

9 583,2. 

15 444, 1 & 4. 

4 362. 

10 292, 2. 

16 297. 

6 491. 

11 419. 

17 575. 

“ 283. 

12 261. 




78 


LATIN KEADEK. 


The Second Triumvirate , Octavius , Antony , Lepidus, 43 -5. (7.— 

Death of Cicero. 

212 , Interfecto Caesare, anno nrbis septingentesimo 
decimo bella civilia reparata snnt. Senatus favebat 
Caesaris percussoribus, 1 Antonius consul a Caesaris par- 
tibus stabat. Ergo turbata re publica, Antonius, multis 
sceleribus commissis, a senatu bostis 2 judicatus est. 
Fusus fugatusque Antordus, aniisso exercitu, confugit ad 
Lepidum, qui Caesari 3 magister equitum fuerat, et turn 
grandes copias militum habebat; a quo susceptus est. 
Mox Octavianus cum Antonio pacem fecit, et quasi vin- 
dicaturus patris sui mortem, a quo per testamentum 
fuerat adoptatus, Rom am cum exercitu profectus extor- 
sit, 4 ut sibi, juveni yiginti annorum, consulatus daretur. 6 
Turn junctus cum Antonio et Lepido rem publicam ar- 
mis tenere coepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per bos etiam 
Cicero orator occlsus est, multlque alii nobiles. 6 

Battle of Philippi , 42 B. C. 

213. Interea Brutus et Cassius, interfectores Cae¬ 
saris, ingens bellum moverunt. 7 Profecti 8 contra eos 
Caesar Octavianus, qui postea Augustus est appellatus, 
et Marcus Antonius, apud Pbilippos, Macedoniae urbem, 
contra eos pugnaverunt. 9 Primo proelio victi sunt An¬ 
tonius et Caesar; periit 10 tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius ; 
secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitatem, quae cum illis 
bellum susceperat, victam 11 interfecerunt. Turn yic- 
tores rem publicam ita inter se diviserunt, 12 ut Octavia- 


1 385. 6 492, 1. 9 463, IT. 

2 362. • 460, 3. 10 295, 3. 

3 390, 2. 7 270. 11 579. 

4 269, II. 8 439. 12 272, II. 



ROMAN HISTORY. 


79 

nus Caesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret: 1 Anto- 
nius Orientem, Lepidus Africam acciperet. 

Battle of Actium, 31 B. C. 

214 . Paulo 2 post Antonius, repudiate sorore Cao- 
saris Octaviani, Cleopatram, reglnam Aegypti, uxorem 
duxit. Ab hac incitatus ingens bellum commovit, dum 
Cleopatra cupiditate muliebri optat Pomae regnare. 
Yictus est ab Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri 
apud Actium, qui 3 locus in Eplro est. Hinc fugit in 
Aegjptum, et, desperatis rebus, quum omnes ad Augus- 
tum translrent, 4 se ipse interemit. 6 Cleopatra quoque 
aspidem sibi admlsit, et veneno ejus exstincta 6 est. Ita 
bellis toto orbe 7 confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romam 
rediit anno duodecimo postquam consul fuerat. Ex eo 
inde tempore rem publicam per quadraginta et quattuor 
annos solus obtinuit. Ante enim duodecim annis 8 cum 
Antonio et Lepido tenuerat. Ita ab initio principatus 
ejus usque ad linem quinquaginta sex anni fuere. 


1 494. 4 518. 7 422, 1, 1). 

3 418. • 273, II. 8 378, 1. 

3 445, 8. • 281. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


Note. —It is recommended that, in reading the Grecian History, special 
attention should be given to Irregular , Defective , and Impersonal Verbs .— 
289-301. 

Period I. —Grecian Triumphs. 

FROM THE PERSIAN INVASION, 490 B. C., TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, 431 B. C. 

Darius invades Scythia: prepares to invade' Greece. 

215 . Miiltis in Asia feliciter gestis, Darius Scytbis 
bellum intulit, 1 et armatis septingentis millibus 3 bomb 
num Scytbiam 3 ingressus, quum bostes ei pugnae potes- 
tatem non facerent, 4 metuens, ne, interrupto ponte Istri, 
reditus sibi intercluderetur, 5 amissis octoginta millibus 
boinmum, trepidus refugit. Inde Macedoniam domuit: 
et quum ex Europa in Asiam rediisset, 6 hortantibus 
amlcis ut Graeciam redigeret 7 in suam potestatem, clas^ 
sem quingentarum navium comparavit, elque Datim 8 
praefecit et Artapbernen; 9 bisque ducenta peditum 
millia, et decern equitum dedit. 


Battle of Marathon , 490 B. 0. 


216 . Praefecti regii, classe ad Euboeain appulsa, 
celeriter Eretriam ceperunt. Inde ad Atticam accesse- 
runt, ac suas copias in Campum Marathona deduxerunt. 


1 292, 2. 

2 414, 7. 

3 371, 4. 


4 518, II. 

6 492, 4. 

6 295, 3. 


7 492, 2. 

8 62, II. 2. 
0 68 . 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


81 


Is abest ab oppido circiter millia passuum decem. Hoc 
in tempore nulla civitas Atbeniensibus 1 auxilio fuit, 
praeter Plataeenses; ea mille 2 misit militum. Itaque 
liorum adventu decem millia armatorum completa sunt: 
quae 8 manus mirabili flagrabat pugnandi cupiditate. 
Atlienienses copias ex urbe eduxerunt, locoque 4 idoneo 
castra fecerunt; deinde postero die, sub montis radicibus 
proelium commiserunt. Datis etsi non aequum locum 
videbat suis, tamen, iretus numero 5 copiarum suarum, 
confligere cupiebat. Itaque in aciem peditum centum, 
equitum decem millia produxit, proeliumque commlsit. 
In quo tanto 6 plus virtute valuerunt Atbenienses, ut de- 
cemplicem numerum bostium profligarint; 7 adeoque 
perterruerunt, ut Persae non castra, sed naves petierint. 
Qua pugna nibil est nobilius; nulla enim unquam tarn 
exigua manus tantas opes prostravit. 


Xerxes invades Greece , 480 B. 0. 


217 . Quum Darius, bellum instauraturus, in ipso 
apparatu decessisset, 8 filius ejus Xerxes Europam 0 cum 
tantis copiis invasit, quantas neque antea neque postea 
habuit quisquam: bujus enim classis mille et ducenta- 
rum navium 10 longarum fuit, quam duo millia oneraria- 
rum sequebantur: terrestres autem exercitus septingen- 
torum millium peditum, equitum quadringentorum 
millium fuerunt. Cujus 11 de adventu quum fama in 
Graeciam esset perlata, et maxime Atbenienses peti 
dicerentur, 12 propter pugnam Maratboniam, miserunt 
Delplios consultum, 18 quidnam facerent 14 de rebus suis. 


1 390. 

2 178. 

3 445, 8. 


6 418. 


11 453. 

12 549, 4. 

13 569. 

14 525. 


7 234; 482, 2. 


4 422, 1, 2). 
6 419, IV. 


8 618. 

9 371, 4. 

10 401. 



82 


LATIN READER 


Deliberantibus Pytliia respondit, ut moembus ligneis 
se munlrent. 1 Id responsum quo valeret, quum intelli¬ 
gent nemo, Tbemistocles persuasit, consilium esse Apol- 
linis, ut in naves se suaque conferrent: 2 eum enim a deo 
significari murum ligneum. Tali consilio probato, ad- 
dunt ad superiores totidem naves triremes: suaque om¬ 
nia, quae moveri poterant, partim Salamina, 3 partim 
Troezena, deportant; arcem sacerdotibus paucisque ma- 
jorilius natu, 4 ac sacra procuranda 6 tradunt; reliquum 
oppidum relinquunt. 

Actions at Thermopylae and Artemisium , 480 B. G. 

218 . Hujus consilium plerisque civitatibus displice- 
bat, et in terra dimicari 6 magis placebat. Itaque missi 
sunt delecti 7 cum Leonida, Lacedaemoniorum rege, qui 
Tbermopylas occuparent, 8 longiusque barbaros progredi 
non paterentur. Hi vim 9 hostium non sustinuerunt, 
eoque loco omnes interierunt. 10 At classis communis 
Graeciae trecentarum navium, 11 in qua ducentae erant 
Atiieniensium, primum apud Artemisium, inter Euboe- 
am continentemque terram, cum classiariis regiis con- 
flixit: 12 angustias enim Tbemistocles quaerebat, ne mul- 
titudme circumiretur. 13 Hinc etsi pari proelio 14 discesse- 
rant, tamen eodem loco non sunt ausi 16 manere, quod 
erat periculum, ne, si pars navium adversariorum Eu- 
boeam superasset, 10 ancipiti premerentur 17 periculo. Quo 
factum est, ut ab Artemisio discederent, 18 et exadversum 
Athenas, apud Salamina, classem suam constituerent. 


1 492, 2. 

7 575. 

13 491. 

3 495, 3. 

8 500, 1. 

14 414, 3. 

3 68. 

8 66. 

16 271, 3. 

4 429. 

10 295, 3. 

16 509. 

6 578, Y. 

11 397, 2. 

17 492, 4. 

6 549. 

13 258, I. 1 

18 495, 2. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


83 


Battle of Salamis , 480 B. C. 


219 , At Xerxes, Tbermopylis expugnatis, protinus 
accessit astu, 1 idque, nullis defendentibus, interfectis 
sacerdotibus, quos in arce invenerat, incendio delevit. 
Ciijus fama perterriti classiarii quum manere non aude- 
rent, et plnrimi 2 hortarentur, ut domos suas qnisque' 
discederent, 3 moenibusqne se defenderent; Themistocles 
unus restitit, et, universos pares hostibus esse posse 4 aie- 
bat, 5 dispersos testabatur perituros, idque Eurybiadi, regi 
Lacedaemoniorum, qui turn summae 6 imperii praeerat, 
fore 7 affirmabat. Quem quum minus, quam vellet, 8 * mo- 
veret, 0 noctu de servis suis, quem habuit fidelissimum, 10 
ad regem misit, ut ei nuntiaret suis verbis: adwersarios 
ejus in fugd esse , qui 11 si discessissent, 13 majore cum 
Idbore , et longinquiore temjpore helium confecturum, 13 
quum singulos consectdri cogeretur; quos si statim ag- 
grederetur , hrevi universos oppressurum. Hoc eo vale- 
bat, ut ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes cogerentur. 14 
Hac re audita, barbarus, nibil doli subesse credens, pos- 
tridie alienissimo sibi 15 loco, contra opportunissimo lios- 
tibus, adeo angusto mari 18 conilixit, ut ejus multitudo 
navium explicari non potuerit. 17 Yictus ergo est magis 
consilio Tbemistoclis, quam armis Graeciae. 


Xerxes flies back into Asia. 


220 . Hie etsi male rem gesserat, tamen tantas babe- 
bat reliquias copiarum, ut etiamtum bis 10 opprimere 


1 128; 371, 4. 

2 165, 441. 

3 492, 2 ; 461, 3. 

4 290. 

6 297, n. 1. 

6 386. 


7 297, HI. 2. 13 545, 3. 

8 527. 14 495. 


0 618. 16 391. 

10 453, 5. 16 422, 1, 1). 


11 453. 17 482, 2. 

12 509. 18 414, 4. 


E 



84 


LATIN READER. 


posset liostes. Iterum ab eodem gradu depulsus est. 
Nam Themistocles, verens ne bellare perse veraret, 1 cer- 
tiorem eum fecit, id agi, 2 ut pons, 3 quern ille in Helles¬ 
pont fecerat, dissolveretur, 4 ac reditu in Asiam exclu 
deretur. Itaque in Asiam reversus est, seque a Themis- 
tocle non superatum, 6 sed conservatum judicavit. Sic 
unius viri prudentia Graecia liberata est. 


Battles of Plataea and My tale, 479 B. C. 


221. Postero anno quam Xerxes in Asiam refugerat, 
Graeci, duce Pausania, Mardonium, regis generum, apud 
Plataeas fuderunt: 0 quo proelio ipse dux cecidit, 7 Bar. 
barorumque exercitus interfectus est. Eodem forte die 
in Asia, ad montem Mycalen, Persae a Graecis navali 
proelio superati sunt. Jamque omnibus pacatis, Athe- 
nienses belli damna reparare coeperunt. 8 


Period II.—Civil Wars in Greece. 


FROM THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR TO THE ACCESSION OP PHILIP OP MACEDON, 
360 B. C. 


The Peloponnesian War, 431 B. C. — Pericles. 


222, Hoc bellum, quo 9 nullum aliud florentes Grae- 
ciae res gravius afflixit, saepe susceptum et depositum 
est. Initio Spartani fines Atticae populabantur, hostes- 
que ad proelium provocabant. Sed Atlienienses, Periclis 
consilio, 10 ultionis tempus exspectantes intra moenia se 


1 492, 4. 

3 551, 3. 

3 110 , 1 . 

4 495, 3. 


6 545, 3. 

6 273, II. 

7 273, I. 


8 297. 

9 417. 

10 414, 2. 




GRECIAN HISTORY. 


85 


continebant. Deinde, paucis diebus interjectis, naves 
conscendunt, et, nibil sentientibus Lacedaemoniis, totam 
Laconiam depraedantur. Clara quidem liaec Periclis 
expeditio est liabita; sed multo clarior privati patrimonii 
contemptus fuit. Nam in populatione ceterorum agro¬ 
rum, Periclis agros bostes intactos reliquerant, ut aut in¬ 
vidiam ei apud cives concitarent, 1 aut in proditionis 
suspicionem adduceront. Quod intelligens, Pericles 
agros rei publicae dono dedit. Post liaec aliquot diebus 
interjectis, navali proelio dimicatum est. 3 Yicti Lace- 
daemonii fugerunt. Post plures 3 annos, fessi malis, pa- 
cem in annos quinquaginta fecere, quam sex annos 4 ser- 
vaverunt. 

Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily , 415 B. C. 

223. Bello inter Catinienses et Sjracusanos exorto, 5 
Atbenienses Catiniensibus opem ferunt. 6 Classis ingens 
decernitur ; creantur duces Nicias, Alcibiades et Lamar 
cbus; tantaeque vires in Siciliam effusae sunt, ut iis 
ipsis terrdri 7 essent, quibus auxilio venerant. Nicias et 
Lamachus duo proelia pedestria secundo Marte 8 pug- 
nant; munitionibusque urbi Syracusarum 8 circumdatis, 
incolas etiam marinis commeatibus 10 intercludunt. Qui¬ 
bus rebus fracti 11 Syracusani, auxilium a Lacedaemoniis 
petiverunt. 13 Ab bis mittitur Gylippus, qui auxiliis 
partim in Graecia, partim in Sicilia contractis, oppor- 
tuna bello loca 13 occupat. Duobus deinde proeliis vio- 


2 301, l. 
8 165, 1. 
4 378. 


1 491. 


6 292; 467, III. 

7 390. 

8 414, 3 ; 705, II. 

9 396, Y. 


10 386, 1. 

11 273, II. 
18 278, 2*. 
13 141. 


6 288, 2. 



86 


LATIN KEADEK. 


tus, tertio bostes in fugam conjecit, sociosque obsidione 1 
liberavit. In eo proelio Lamacbus fortiter pugnans oc- 
clsus est. 

Successes of Alcibiades against the Lacedaemonians. 

224. Alcibiades summa curfi 2 classem instruit, atque’ 
in bellum adversus Lacedaemonios perrexit. Ilac expe- 
ditione tanta subito rerurn commutatio facta est, 3 ut La- 
cedaemonii, qni paulo ante victores viguerant, perterriti 
pacem peterent; 4 victi enim erant qninqne terrestribus 
proeliis, tribus navalibus, in quibus trecentas triremes 
amiserant, quae captae in hostium yenerant potestatem. 
Alcibiades simul cum collegis receperat Ioniam, Helles- 
pontum, multas praeterea urbes Graecas, quae in ora 
sitae sunt Asiae : quarum expugnaverant quam plurimas, 
in bis Byzantium ; neque minus multas consilio ad ami- 
citiam adjunxerant, quod in captos dementia 6 fuerant 
usi. Inde praeda 6 onusti, locupletato exercitu, maximis 
rebus gestis, Atbenas yenerunt. 

Cyrus favors Ly sander and the Lacedaemonians , 407 B. C. 

225. Dum baec geruntur, a Lacedaemoniis Lysan- 
der classi belloque praebcitur ; et Darius, rex Persarum, 
lilium suum, Cyrum, Ioniae Lydiaeque praeposuit, qui 
Lacedaemonios auxiliis opibusque ad spem fortunae 
prioris 7 erexit. Aucti 8 igitur yiribus 9 Alcibiadem cum 
centum navibus in Asiam profectum, 10 dum agros popu- 
Lltur, repentlno adventu oppress ere. 11 Magnae et in- 
opinatae cladis nuntius quum Atbenas yenisset, tanta 


1 425, 3. 

3 414, 3. 

* 294. 

4 494. 


6 419, I. 

6 419, III. 

7 163 . 

8 269. 


0 429. 

10 283. 

11 235. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


87 


Atbeniensium desperatio fuit, ut statim Cononem in 
Alcibiadis locum mitterent, ducis se fraude magis quam 
belli fortuna victos 1 arbitrantes. 

Fatal defeat of the Athenians at Aegospotamos , 405 B. G. 

226 . Itaque Conon classem maxima industria ador- 
Hat; sed navibus 2 exercitus deerat. Nam, ut numerus 
militum expleretur, senes et pueri arma capere coacti 
sunt. Pluribus itaque proeliis adverso Marte pugnatis, 
tandem Ly sander, Spartanorum dux, Atbeniensium ex- 
ercitum, qui, navibus relictis, in terrain praedatum * exi- 
erat, 4 ad Aegos flumen oppressit, eoque impetu totum 
bellum finlvit. Ilac enim clade res Atbeniensium peni- 
tus inclinata est. 

Athens surrenders to Ly sander, 404 B. C.—The Thirty Tyrants. 

227. Lysander Atbenas navigavit, miseramque civi- 
tatem, obsidione circumdatam, fame 8 urget. Athenienses, 
multis fame et ferro amissis, pacem petivere. Quum 
nonnulli nomen Atheniensium delenduin, 1 urbemque 
incendio consumendam censerent/ Spartani negarunt, 
se passuros, ut ex duobus Graeciae oculis alter erueretur ; 7 
pacemque Atbeniensibus sunt polliciti, si longi muri bra- 
cbia dejicerent, 8 navesque traderent; denique si res pub- 
lica triginta rectores, ex civibus deligendos, acciperet. 
His legibus acceptis, tota civitas subito mutari coepit. 
Triginta rectores rei publicae constituuntur, Lacedaemo- 
niis 9 et Lysandro dediti, qui brevi tyranmdem in cives 
exercere coeperunt. 


1 545, 3. 

2 386, 2. 

3 569. 


4 295, 3. 
6 414, 4. 
# 618, IL 


7 495, 1. 
e 609. 

9 384. 



88 


LATIN REAL EE. 


Thrasylulus occupies Phyle , 404 B. C. 


228. Quum triginta tyranni, praepositi a Lacedae- 
moniis, servitute oppressas tenerent Athenas, Thrasy- 
biilus Phylen 1 confugit, quod 2 3 est castellum in Attica 
munitissimum, quum non plus secum haberet, 8 quam 
triginta de suis. Hinc, yiribus paulatim auctis, in Pirae- 
um transiit, 4 * Munychiamque munlvit. Hanc bis tyranni 
oppugnarc sunt adorti, ab eaque turpiter repulsi protin us 
in urbem, armis impedimentisque amissis, refugerunt. 
In secundo proelio cecidit 6 Critias, triginta tyrannorum 
acerrimus. 6 

Epaminondas.—Battle of Leuctra ) 371 B. C.: of Mantinea, 362 B. C. 

229. Epaminondas, dux Tbebanus, apud Leuctra 
superavit Lacedaemonios. Idem imperator apud Man- 
tineam graviter vulneratus concidit. 7 Hujus casu ali- 
quantum 8 retardilti sunt Boeotii, neque tamen prius 
pugna 9 excesserunt, quam 10 bostes profligarunt. 11 At 
Epaminondas quum animadverteret, mortiferum se vul- 
nus accepisse, simulque, si ferrum, quod ex bastlli 12 in 
corpore remanserat, extraxisset, 13 animam statim emissu- 
rum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est, vicisse 14 
Boeotios. Id postquamaudlvit, “ Satis” inquit, “ vixi; 
invictus enim morior.” Turn, ferro extracto, confestim 
exanimatus est. 


1 50, 379. 6 163, 1. 

2 445, 4. 7 255, I. 4. 

3 618, II. 8 335, 4. 

4 295, 3. 9 434, 1. 

6 273, I. 10 523, 2, 2). 


13 533, 3. 

14 549. 


11 234. 

12 63. 




GRECIAN HISTORY. 


89 


Period III. —Graeco-Macedonian Empire. 

FROM THE ACCESSION OF PHILIP TO THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER, 323 B. C. 

Decline of the Grecian States.—Disc of the Macedonian Power. 

230. Post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se 
nunquam refecerunt; et Tliebae, quod, 1 2 quamdiu Epa- 
minondas praefuit rei publicae 3 caput fuit totius Grae- 
ciae, post ejus interitum perpetuo alieno paruerunt iin- 
perio. Athenienses, non ut olim in elassein et exercitum, 
sed in dies festos apparatusque ludorum reditus publicos 
effundebant, frequentiusque in theatris quam in castris 
versabantur. Quibus rebus effectum est, ut obscurum 
antea Macedonum nomen emergeret; 3 et Philippus, obses 
triennio 4 Thebis habitus in Epaminondae dorno, liujus 
praestantissimi viri et Pelopidae yirtutibus erudltus, 
Graeciae servitutis jugnm imponeret. 

Extension of Philip's power. 

231, Philippus, quum magnam gloriam apud omnes 
nationes adeptus esset, 5 Olynthios aggreditur. Hanc ur- 
bem antlquam et nobilem exscindit, etpraeda® ingenti 
fruitur. Inde auraria in Thessalia, argenti metalla in 
Tliracia occiipat. His ita gestis, forte evenit, ut eurn 
fratres duo, reges Thraciae, disceptationum suarum judi- 
cem 7 eligerent. 3 Sed Pliilippus ad judicium, velut ad 
bellum, instructo exercitu 8 supervenit, et regno 9 utrum- 
que spoliavit. 


1 445, 4. 

2 386. 

3 495, 2. 


4 378, 1. 
6 283. 

6 419, I. 


7 373. 

8 414, 7. 

9 419, 2. 




90 


LATIN READER. 


Battle of Ghceronea , 338 B. G. 

232. Quum, in Scytliiam praedandi 1 causa profec- 
tus, 2 Scythas dolo vicisset, diu dissimulatum bellum 
Atheniensibus infert, 3 quorum causae Tkebani se junxe- 
runt. Proelio ad Ckaeroneam commisso, quum Atlieni- 
enses longe majore militum numero praestarent, 4 tamen 
assiduis bellis 6 indurata Macedonum virtute vincuntur. 
Non tamen immemores pristinae virtutis 8 ceciderunt; 
quippe adversis vulneribus 7 omnes loca, quae tuenda 8 a 
duel bus acceperant, morientes corporibus texerunt. Hie 
dies universae Graeciae et 8 gloriam dominationis et ve- 
tustissimam libertatem finlvit. 


Philip prepares to invade Persia. 

233. Hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est. 
Non solita 10 sacra Philippus ilia die fecit; non in convi- 
vio risit; 11 non coronas aut unguenta sumpsit; et, quan¬ 
tum in illo fuit, ita yicit, ut victorem nemo sentlret. 1 * 
Atheniensibus et captivos gratis remlsit, et bello con- 
sumptorum 10 corpora sepulturae reddidit. Compositis in 
Graecia rebus, omnium civitatum legatos ad formandum 
rerum praesentium statum 13 evocari Corinthum 14 jubet. 
Ibi pacis leges universae Graeciae pro mentis singularum 
civitatum statuit, conciliumque omnium, veluti unum 
senatum, 15 ex omnibus legit. Auxilia deinde singularum 
civitatum describuntur; nec dubium erat, eum Persa- 
rum imperium et suis et Graeciae viribus impugnaturum 
esse. 


563. 

6 399, 2, 2). 

11 269. 

283. 

7 428. 

12 494. 

292, 2. 

8 578, V. 

13 565, 1. 

518, I. 

9 587,1. 5. 

14 379. 

414, 4. 

10 575. 

16 363. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


91 


Death of Philip , 33G B. C. 


234. Interea dum auxilia e Graecia coeunt, 1 miptias 
Cleopatrae filiae, et Alexandri, quem regem Eplri fece- 
lat, magno apparatu 2 celebrat. Ubi quum Pliilippus 
ad ludos spectandos, medius inter duos Alexandras, 
filium et generum, contenderet, 3 Pausanias, nobilis ex 
Macedonibus adolescens, occupatis angustiis, Pliilippum 
in transitu obtruncat. Ilic ab Attalo indlgno modo 
tractatus,. quum saepe querelam ad Philippum frustra 
detulisset, 4 et honoratum insiiper adversarium videret, 
iram in ipsum Philippum vertit, ultionemque, quam ab 
adversario non poterat, ab inlquo judice exegit. 

Alexander the Great succeeds to the Macedonian Throne , 336 B.C. 

235. Philippo 5 Alexander filius successit, et virtute 6 
et vitiis patre major. Vincendi ratio utrlque 7 diversa. 
Hie 8 aperta vi, ille artibus bella traetabat. Deceptis 9 
ille gaudere 10 liostibus, 11 hie palam fusis. Prudentior 
ille consilio, hie animo magnificentior. 12 Iram pater dis- 
simulare, plerumque etiam vincere; hie ubi exarsisset, 13 
nee dilatio ultionis, nee modus erat. Vini 14 uterque 
nimis avidus; sed ebrietiitis diversa ratio. • Pater de con- 
vivio in hostem procurrere, manum conserere, perieulis 
se temere ofFerre ; Alexander non in hostem, sed in suos 
saevire. Hegnare ille cum amlcis volebat; liic in amlcos 
regna exercebat. Amari pater malle, hie metui. Lit- 
terarum cultus utrlque similis. Sollertiae 1& pater ma- 
joris, hie fidei. Yerbis atque oratione Philippus, liic 


1 295, 3. 

2 414, 3. 

3 518, n. 

4 292, 2. 

4 386. 


6 429. 

7 387. 


J1 414, 2. 

12 164. 

13 486, 5. 


8 450, 2, 1). 


9 580. 

10 545, 1. 


14 399, 2, 2). 
*401, 403. 




92 


LATIN READER. 


rebus moderation Parcendi vietis 1 lilio animus promp¬ 
ter ; ille nec sociis 2 abstinebat. Frugalitati pater, lux- 
uriae filius magis deditus erat. Quibus 3 artibus orbis 
imperii fund amenta pater jecit, operis totlus gloriam 
lilius cousummavit. 


Beginning of Alexander's Reign. 


23 6. Imperio suscepto, prima Alexandro cura pater- 
narum exsequiarum fuit; in quibus ante omnia caedis 4 
conscios ad tumiilum patris occldi jussit. Inter initia 
regni multas gentes rebellantes compescuit; 5 orientes 
nonnullas seditiones exstinxit. Deinde ad Persicum 
bellum proficiscens, patrimonium omne suum, quod in 
Macedonia et Europa habebat, amlcis divisit; sibi 8 
Asiam sujjicere praefatus. 7 Hec exercitui 8 alius quam 
regi animus fuit. Quippe omnes obllti conjiigum 9 libe- 
rorumque, et longinquae a domo militiae, nihil cogi- 
tabant nisi Orientis opes. Quum deliiti 10 in Asiam 
essent, primus 11 Alexander jaculum velut in hostllem 
terram jecit; armatusque de navi 12 tripudianti 13 similis 
prosiluit, 14 atque ita hostias caedit, precatus, ne se regem 
illae terrae^.inyitae 16 accipiant. 16 In Ilio quoque ad tu- 
mulos lierouin, in t[ui Trojano bello ceciderant, parentavit< 


Battle of the Granicus , 334 B. 0. 


237. Inde hostem petens milites a populatione Asiae 
proliibuit, parcendum 18 suis rebus praefiitus, nee per- 


1 385, 575. 


7 297, n. 3. 


13 575, 391, 1. 


2 425, 2. 

3 453. 


* 387. 

8 406. 

10 292, 2. 

11 442, 1. 

12 62, m. 


14 285. 

15 443, 1. 

16 492, 3. 

17 68 . 


4 399, 2, 2). 


6 275, I. 
6 386. 


18 545, 3. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


93 


denda ea, quae jpossessuri 1 venerint. In exercitu ejus 
fuere peditum triginta duo millia, equitum quattuor 
milKa quingenti, naves centum octoginta duae. Hac 
tarn parva manu universurn terrarum orbem 8 vincere 
est aggressus. Quum ad tam periculosum bellum exer- 
citurn legeret, 3 non juvenes robustos, sed veteranos, qui 
cum patre patruisque militaverant, elegit: ut non tam 
milites, quam magistros militiae electos putares. 4 Prima 
cum boste congressio in campis Adrastlae fuit. In acie 
Persiirum sexcenta millia militum fuerunt, quae non 
minus arte Alexandri quam virtute Macedonum super- 
ata, terga verterunt. Itaque magna caedes Persarum 
fuit. De exercitu Alexandri novem pedites, centum 
viginti equites cecidere; quos rex magnifice humatos 
statuis equestribus donavit; cognatis eorum autem im- 
munitates dedit. Post victoriam major 5 pars Asiae ad 
eum defecit. Habuit et plura 6 proelia cum praefectis 
Darli, quos jam non tam arm is, quam terrore nominis 
sui vicit. 


Battle of Issus, 333 B. G. 


238. Interea Darius cum quadringentis millibus 
peditum ac centum millibus-equitum in laciem procedit. 
Commisso proelio, Alexander non ducis magis quam 
militis munia 7 exsequebatur. Macedones cum rege 
ipso in equitum agmen irrumpunt. Turn vero sinnlis 
ralnae strages erat. Circa currum Darli jacebant nobi- 
lissimi duces, ante oculos regis egregia morte 8 defuncti. 
Jamque qui Darlum vehebant equi, confossi bastis et 
dolore efferati, jugum quatere et regem curru 9 excutere 


J 578, Y. 
8 107, 2. 

3 518, II. 


4 486, 4. 

5 165. 

* 165, 1. 


7 181, 4.) 

8 419, I. 

• 434, 1. 



94 


LATIN READER. 


coeperant: quum ille, veritus ne vivus venlret 1 in hos- 
tium potestatein, desilit, 2 et in equum, qui ad hoc ipsum 
sequebatur, imponitur. Turn vero ceteri dissipantur 
metu. Inter captlvos castrorum mater et uxor et filiae 
duae Darli fuere: in quas Alexander ita se gessit, 3 ut 
omnes ante eum reges et continents 4 et dementia 
vinceret. 6 

Alexander in Egypt , 332 B. C. — He visits the Temple of Jupiter 
Ammon. 

239. Aegyptii, olim Persarum opibus infensi, Alex- 
andrnm laeti 6 receperunt. A Memphi 7 rex in inter!ora 8 
penetrat; compositisqne rebus ita, ut nihil ex patrio 
Aegyptiorum more mutaret, adlre Jovis Ammonis ora- 
eulum 8 statuit. Quatriduo per vastas solitudines ab^ 
sumpto, tandem ad sedem consecratam deo 10 ventum 
est, 11 undique ambientibus ramis contectam. Eegem pro> 
pius adeuntem maximus natu 13 e sacerdotibus filium ap- 
pellat, hoc nomen illi parentem Jovem reddere affirmans. 
Ille se vero et accipere ait 13 et agnoscere, humanae sor- 
tis 14 oblltus. Consiilit deinde, an totlus orbis imperium 
sibi destinaret 15 pater. Aeque in adulationem composi- 
tus, terrarum-oinni um rectorem fore ostendit. Post haec 
institit quaerere, an omnes parentis sui interfectores 
poenas dedissent. Sacerdos parentem ejus negat ulllus 
scelere posse violari, Philippi autem omnes luisse sup¬ 
plies. Sacrificio deinde facto, dona et sacerdotibus et 
deo data, 18 permissumque amlcis, ut ipsi quoque consu- 
lerent 17 Jovem. Nihil amplius quaesiverunt, quam an 


1 492, 4. 

8 467, III. 

3 272, I. 

4 429. 

6 494. 

• 443, 1. 


7 62, II. 2. 

8 441, 1. 

9 371, 4. 

10 384. 

11 301, 1. 

12 168, 3. 


13 297, II. 1. 

14 406, II. 

15 625. 

16 460, 3. 

17 492. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


95 


auctor esset sibi divlnis honorTbus colendi' suum regem. 

<D 

Hoc quoque acceptum fore Jovi 1 2 vates respond it. Rex 
ex Ammune rediens 3 elegit nrbi locum, ubi nunc est 
Alexandria, appellationem trabens ex nomine auctoris. 


Darius makes his last proposals of Peace, 


240. Jam Darius pervenerat Arbela 4 vicum, nobi- 
lem sua clade facturus. Raro in ullo proelio tantum 
sanguinis 6 fusum est. Tandem Darli aurlga, qui ante 
ipsum sedens equos regebat, hasta transfixus est; nec 
aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere, quin ipse rex esset 
occlsus. 6 Cedere 7 Persae, et laxare ordines ; jamque non 
pugna, sed caedes erat, quum Darius quoque currum 
suum in fugam vertit; victori Alexandro Asiae impe- 
rium obtigit. 8 


Disturbances in Greece . 


241. Dum haec in Asia gerebantur, Graecia fere 
omnis, spe recuperandae libertatis, 1 ad arma concurrerat, 
auctoritatem Lacedaemoniorum secuta. Dux hujus belli 
Agis, rex Lacedaemoniorum, fuit. Quern 9 motum Anti¬ 
pater, dux 10 ab Alexandro in Macedonia relictus, in ipso 
ortu oppressit. Magna tamen utrimque caedes fuit. 
Agis rex, quum suos terga dantes videret, dimissis satel- 
litibus 11 ut Alexandro felicitate, non virtute inferior 
videretur, 12 tantam stragem hostium edidit, 13 ut agmina 
interdum fugaret. Ad postremum, etsi a multitudine 
victus, gloria tamen omnes vicit. 


1 563. 

3 891. 

3 295, 3. 

4 379. 


6 498. 

7 545, 1. 

8 273, I. 

9 453. 


10 362, 3. 

11 81. 

12 491. 

,B 273, I. 


‘ 396, III. 



96 


LATIN HEADER. 


Alexander invades India. 


242. Post liaec Indiam petit, ut Oceano finlret im- 
perium. Cui gloriae ut etiam exercitus ornamenta con- 
venlrent, plialeras equorum et arma militum argento 
inducit. Quum ad JSTysam urbem venisset, oppidanis' 
non repugnantibus parci jusslt. 


Alexander returns.to Babylon , 324 B. G. 


243. Ab ultimis 3 oris Oceani Babyloniam reversus, 
convivium solemmter instituit. Ibi quum totus 3 in lae- 
titiam effusus esset, recedentem jam e conviyio Medius 
Thessalus, instauratii comissatione invltat. Accepto po- 
culo, inter bibendum 4 veluti telo confixus ingemuit, 
elatusque e convivio semiammis, tanto dolore cruciatus 
est, ut ferrum in remedia posceret. 5 Yenenuin accepisse 
creditur. 

Death of Alexander y 323 B. G. 

244. Quarto, die Alexander indubitatam mortem 
sentiens, agnoscere se fatum domus majorum suorum , 
ait, namjplero&gm Aeacidarum intra tricesimum annum 
defunctos.i T nmultuantes deinde milites, insidiis periisse 6 
regem suspicantes, q)se sedavit, eosque omnes ad con- 
spectum suum admlsit, osculandamque 7 dextram por- 
rexit. 8 Quum lacrimarent 9 omnes, ipse non sine lacrimis 
tan turn, verum etiam sine ullo tristioris mentis argu- 
mento fait. Ad postremum corpus suum in Ammonis 
templo condi jubet. Quum deficere eum amici viderent,’ 
quaerunt, quern imperii faciat heredem; 10 respondit, 


1 385. 

2 166. 

3 443. 

4 565,1, 


6 494. 

6 295, 3. 

7 578, y. 


8 214, I. 1. 

9 518, L 

10 373. 



GRECIAN HISTORY. 


97 


Dignissimum. ILic voce omnes amlcos suos ad aemu- 
lam regni cupiditatem accendit. Sexta die, praeclusa 
voce, exemptum digito 1 annulnm Perdiccae tradidit, 
quae res gliscentem amicorum discordiam sedavit. Nam 
etsi non voce nuncupates lieres, 2 3 judicio tamen electua 8 
esse videbatur. 

Remarks on the character of Alexander, 

245, Decessit Alexander mensem unum tres et tri- 
ginta annos 4 natus, vir supra liumanum modum vi 5 ani- 
mi praeditus. Omina quaedam magnitudinem ejus in 
ipso ortu portendisse existimabantur. Quo die natus 
est, pater ejus nuntium duarum victoriarum accepit; 
alterius, belli Illyrici, alterius, certaminis Olympiaci, in 
quod quadrlgas miserat. Puer acerrimis litterarum stu- 
diis erudltus fuit. Exacta pueritia, per quinquennium 
Aristotele, philosopho praestantissimo, usus est magistro. 
Accepto tandem imperio tantam militibus suis iiduciam 
fecit, ut, illo praesente, nullius bostis arma timerent. 8 
Itaque cum nullo hoste unquam congressus est, quem 
non vicerit; 7 nullam urbem obsedit, quam non expug- 
naverit. Yictus denique est non virtate bostlli, sed in- 
sidiis suorum et fraude. 


1 434, 1. 

3 362, 3. 

3 547. 


4 378. 

6 419, HI. 


*494. 

T 601, 1. 








































, 






















SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER 


I. The preparation of a Reading Lesson in Latin involves 

1. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin. 

2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences. 

3. A translation into English. 

Meaning of the Latin. 

II. Remember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sen¬ 
tence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to 
ascertain its meaning. 

The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word without reference to its Grammati¬ 
cal properties of case , number , mood , tense , etc., and the Grammar, the meaning of the 
endings which mark those properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of 
mensa , a table, but not of mensdrum, of tables; the Grammar alone will give the force 
of the ending arum. 

III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection, 
with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjuga¬ 
tion, that you will not only readily distinguisffefehe different parts 
of speech from each other, but also the different forms of the same 
word with their exact and distinctive forces ' 

IV. In taking up a Latin sentence, 

1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus 
determine which words are nouns , which verbs , etc. 

2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case, 
number . voice , mood , tense , etc. 

This will be found to be a very important step toward the mastery of the sentence. 
By this means you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but 
also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings. 

Y. The key to the meaning of any simple sentence (345, I.) will 
be found in the simple subject and predicate, i. e., in the Nominative 
and its Verb. Hence in looking out the sentence, observe the fol¬ 
lowing order. Take 

1. The Subject, or Nominative. 



100 


LATIN EEADEE. 


The ending will in most instances enable you to distinguish this from all other 
words, except the adjectives which agree with it. These may he looked out at the 
same time with the subject. 

Sometimes the subject is not expressed, but only implied, in the ending of the verb. 
It may then be readily supplied, as it is always a pronoun of such person and number 
as the verb indicates; as, audio , I hear, the ending io showing that the subject is ego; 
audilis , you hear, the ending itis showing that the subject is vos. 

2. The Verb, with Predicate Noun or Adjective, if any. 

This will be readily known by the ending. Now combining this with the Subject, 
you will have an outline of the sentence. All the other words must now be associated 
with these two parts. 

3. The Modifiers of the Subject, i. e., adjectives agreeing with it, 
nominatives in apposition with it, genitives dependent upon it, etc. 

But perhaps some of these have already been looked out in the attempt to ascertain 
the subject. 

In looking out these words, bear in mind the meaning of the subject to which they 
belong. This will greatly aid you in selecting from the dictionary the true meaning in 
the passage before you. 

4. The Modifiers of the Verb, i. e., (1) Oblique cases, Accusatives, 
Datives, etc., dependent upon it, and (2) Adverbs qualifying it. 

Bear in mind all the while the force of the case and the meaning of the verb, that 
you may be able to select for each word the true meaning in the passage before you. 

V -VaT 

VI. In complex and compound sentences (345, II., III.), dis¬ 
cover first the connectives which unite the several members, and 
then proceed with each member as with a simple sentence. 

VII. In the use of Dictionary and Vocabulary, remember that 
you are not to look for the particular form which occurs in the sen¬ 
tence, but for the Nom. Sing, of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns, 
and for the First Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. of Verbs. Therefore, 

1. In Pronouns, make yourself so familiar with their declension, 
that any oblique case will at once suggest the Nom. Sing. 

If voMs occurs, you must remember that the Nom. Sing, is tu. 

2. In Nouns and Adjectives, make yourself so familiar with the 
case-endings, that you will be able to drop that of the given case, 
and substitute for it that of the Nom. Sing. 

Thus, mens ibus; stem mensi, Nom. Sing, mensis, which you will find in the Vo¬ 
cabulary. So ducm, dwe, dues , dux . 


SUGGESTIONS TO TIIE LEARNER. 


101 


3. In Verbs, change the ending of the given form into that of the 
First Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Indie. Act. 

Thus, avadbat; stem ama, First Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. amo, which you will 
find in the Vocabulary. So ama \erunt; First Pers. Perf. am cm’, Perf. stem amav. 
Verb stem ama ; amo. 

To illustrate the steps recommended in the preceding suggestions, we add the 
following 

Model. 

VIII. Themistocles imperator servitute totam Graeciam liberuvit. 

1. Without knowing the meaning of the words, you will discover from 
their forms , 

1) That Themistocles and imperator axe probably nouns in the Nom. Sing. 

2) That servitute is a noun in the Abl. Sing. 

3) That totam and Graeeiam are either nouns or adjectives in the Accus. 
Sing. 

4) That liberdvit is a verb in the Act. voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense, 
Third Person, Singular number. 

2. Now, turning to the Vocabulary for the meaning of the words, you 
will learn, 

1) That Themistocles is the name of an eminent Athenian general: 
Themistocles. 

2) That liber o, for which you must look, not for liberdvit , means to liber• 
ate : liberated. 

Themistocles liberated. 

3) That imperator means jj^mandcr; the commander. 

Themistocles, the commander, liberated.' 

4) That Graeciam is the name of a country: Greece. 

Themistocles the commander liberatedGreece. 

5) That lotus means the whole , all: all. AM 

- Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece. 

6) That s&hvitvs means servitude: from '’servitude. 

, ..T.hejnistocles the commander liberaWa all Greece from servitude. 


Structure of the Latin Sentence. 

IX. The structure of a sentence is best shown by analyzing it 
and parsing the words which compose it. 

Analysis. 

X. Telfwhether the sentence is simple, complex, or compound. 

XI. In analyzing a Simple sentence (345, I.), name, 

1. The Subject and Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in 
the complex form (347, 350). 



102 


LATIN HEADER. 


2. The Modifiers of the Subject, (1) in the simple form, and (2) 
in the complex form (352). 

3. The Modifiers of the Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and 
(2) in the complex form (354-356). 

If the Modifiers axe complex, the analysts may be continued till all complex ele¬ 
ments arc explained. 


Model. 

XII. In his castris Cluilius, Albanus rex, moritur. Cluilius, 

the Alban king, dies in this camp. 

1. This is a simple sentence. 

2. Cluilius is the simple subject, and moritur, the simple predicate. 
Cluilius Albanus rex, is the complex subject, and in his castris moritur is 
the complex predicate. 

3. Rex is the simple modifier of the subject Cluilius, and Albanus rex, 
the complex modifier, as rex is modified by Albanus. 

4. In castris is the simple modifier of the predicate moritur, showing 
where he dies, and in his castris is the complex modifier, as castris is modi¬ 
fied by his. 

XIII. In analyzing a Complex sentence (345, II.), 

1. Name the sentence, or clause, 1 used as an element in it with 

its connective (3 571; ^ 

2. Analyze the sentence as a whol "Tike a simple sentence. 

3. Analyze the subordinate clause (345, 2). 

Model. 

XIY. Donee eris felix, (multos numerabis amlcos. Sofyong as 
you are prosperous, poii will number many friends . 

1. This is a complex sentence. L 4 gj|I 00 

2. Donee eris felix, is a clause introduced as a modifier of Wtmerdbis, 
showing when you will number. 

3. Tu, implied in numerabis, is the subject; numerabis is the simple 
predicate, donee eris felix, multos numerabis amlcos is the complex predicate. 

4. Amlcos is the simple object of the predicate numerabis, and multos 
amlcos the complex object. Donee eris felix is the adverbial modifier of the 
predicate. 

5. Donee eris felix is a simple sentence, with the connective donee. Tu, 
implied in eris, is the subject, and eris felix, the predicate, eris being the 
copula (353) and felix the predicate adjective. 


1 If the sentence is abridged, show wherein (358, 3^9). 



SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 


103 


XV. In analyzing a Compound sentence (345, III.), 

1. Separate it into its members and name the connectives. 1 

2. Analyze each member as a separate sentence. 

Model . 

XVI. Sol ruit et montes umbrantur. 

The sun descends and the mountains are shaded. 

1. This is a compound sentence (345, III.). 

2. The members are sol ruit and montes umbrantur , connected by the 
tonjunction et. 

3. The members are simple sentences, and are analyzed accordingly. 

Parsing. 

XVII. In parsing a word, 

1. Name the Part of Speech to which it belongs. 

2. Inflect 2 it, if capable of inflection. 

3. Give its gender, number, case, voice, mood, tense, person, 
etc. 3 

4. Give its Syntax and the Rule for it. 4 

Model. 

XVIII. Romani ab arjitro abduxerunt Cincinnatiim, ut dictator 

esset, The Romans toolc Ciffifflinatus from the plough, that he might 
"be dictator. 

1. Romani is an adjective: Romdnus , a y< ,um, stem, Romano j^uecline. 

It is in Phur. Masc ., is used substantively (441), and is the subject 

of abduxerunt. CGive Rule III. 

2. Abduxerunt is an active verb: ab-duco , ab-ducere , ab-duxi, (ib-ductum, 
compounded o f ab and duco (313, II.); stem, aRMuc, perfect stem, ab-dux. 
Give synopsis df the mood (219,1.). Inflect the tense, i. e., the Indicative 
Perf. Act. (209). It is in the Active voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense, Third 
perso* Plur. number, and agrees with Romani. Give Rule XXXV. 

3. Cincinftdtuin is a I^coper noun (39, 1), of the Second Decl.; stem 


1 If the sentence is abridged, name the compound elements. 

3 Inflect, i. e., decline, compare or conjugate. 

3 That is, such of thesgfc properties as it possesses. 

* NalpcdalRule is "deemed necessary for Prepositions, Conjunctions, or Interjec¬ 
tions. Prepositions are provided for by the rule for Oases with Prepositions. Con¬ 
junctions are mere connectives, and are quite fully explained under Moods. 
Interjections are onlttexpressions of emotion, or mere marks of address, explained 
under CasSe *H 



104 


LATIN READER. 


Cincinnato ; decline, used only in the singular (130, 1). It is in the Accus. 
Sing. Masc., and is the direct object of abduxerunt. Give Rule V. 

4. Ab is a preposition used with the Abl. Ardtro. 

5. Ardtro is a noun of the Second Decl.; stem aratro; decline. It is in 
the Abl. Sing. Neut., and is used with the Prep. ab. Give Rule XXXII. 

6. Ut is a conjunction of purpose (491), connecting abduxerunt and esset. 

7. Esset is an intransitive verb: sum, esse, fui (204). Give synopsis of the 
mood , and inflect the tense , i. e., Subj. Imperf. It is in the Subj. mood, Im- 
perf. tense, Third person, Sing, number, and agrees with the pronoun is, 
he, implied in the ending (460, 2). Give Rule XXXV. 

8. Dictator is a noun of the Third Decl.; stem dictator; decline (60). It 
is in the Nom. Sing. Masc., and agrees, as Predicate noun, with the omitted 
subject of esset. Give Rule I. 

Translation. 

XIX. In translating, render as literally as possible without doing 
violence to the English. 

In many important idioms of the Latin, a literal translation would not 
only fail to do justice to the original, but would also be a gross perversion 
of the mother-tongue. The following suggestions are intended to aid the 
pupil in disposing of such cases; but even in these, it is earnestly recom¬ 
mended that he should first construe literally, in order that he may be made 
to feel the force of the Latin construction before attempting a translation. 


SlL, Participle^ 

XX. These are much more extensively used in Latin than in 
English;TioUv. * 'y frequent necessity, in translating them, of devi¬ 
ating from the Loan >• instruction. They may generally be .rendered 
in some one of the following ways 1 (571-581): 

1. Literally!^ 

Pyrrhus proelio fusus a Tarento recessit, Pyrrhus living been defeated 

in battle ivithdrew from Tarentum. 

2. By a Relative Clause: 

Omnes aliud agentes, aliud simulantes improbi sunt, All twhoy do one 

thing and pretend another are dishonest. 

3. By a Clause with a Conjunction: 


1 The pupil must early learn to determine from the context the appropriate render¬ 
ing in each instance. 




SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 


105 


1) . With a Conjunction of Time,— while, when, after , etc. 

Uva maturata dulcescit, The grape, when it has ripened (having ripened), 
becomes sweet. 

2) . With a Conjunction of Cause, Keason, Manner,— as, for, 
since , etc. 

Milltes perfidiam veriti reverterunt, The soldiers returned , because they 
feared perfidy. 

8). With a Conjunction of Condition ,—if 

Accusatus damnabitur, If he is accused, he will he condemned. 

4). With a Conjunction of Concession,— though, although^Jk 

Urbem acerrlme defensam cepit, He took the city, though it was valiantly 
defended, or though valiantly defended. 

4. By a Verbal Noun: 

Ad Romam conditam, to the founding of Home, lit. to llomefmmded. Ab 
urbe condita, from the founding of the city. Post reges exactos, after the 
expulsion of the kings. 

5. By a Verb: 

Rex ei benigne recepto filiam dedit, The king re ceiv ed him kindly and 
gate him his daughter, lit. gave his daughter to him kindly received, 

XXI. Participles with non Tor nihil are sometimes best- rendered 

by Participial nouns dependent upon without: 

Non i AonSfjcithout laughing. 

XXJjl Future Participles are sometimes best rendered by IrfinU 
lues, % by Participial Nouns with/or the purpose of: 

Rcdiit belli casum tentatQrua, He returned to try (about'to try) the for¬ 
tune ofhodt^ 

XXIIT. The Ablative Absolute is sometimes best rendered (1) 
by a Clause with, — when, khm^fter, for, since, if, though, etc., 
(2) by-a Noun with a Weposition, — in, during, after, ly, from, 
through, etc., or (3) by £fn Active Participle with its Object: 

Servio regnanie, while fcferr ius reigned, or in the reign of Servius (lit. 
Scrvius reigning). Duce Fabio, under the command of Fab ius (lit. Fabius 

\eing H 

Sometimes, as in the last e^nple, a word denoting the doer of an action can be 
best rendered by the word which denotes the thing done. Thus, instead of com¬ 
mander, consul, king, we Ixavamnninand, consulship , reign. 




106 


LATIN READER. 


Subjunctive. 

XXIV. This may be rendered as follows: 

1. With the Potential signs, may, can, might, could, would, 
should (485): 

Forsitan quaeratis, Perhaps you may inquire. Hoc nemo dix&rit, No on* 
would say this. 

2. By the English Indicative. This is generally the best ren4 
dering 

^ 1) In clauses denoting Cause, or Time and Cause (517, 521): 

y. Quum vita metus plena sit, since life is full of fear. Quum Romam 
renisset. when he had come to Borne. 

2) In Indirect Questions (525) : 

Quaeritur, cur dissentiant, It is ashed why they disagree. 

3) ^In the Subjunctive by Attraction (527) : 

Yereor, ne, dum minufere velim laborem, augeam, I fear I shall increase 
the labor , while I wish to diminish it. 

4) In ge Subordinate Clauses^^mfndirect Discourse (531): 

Hippias gloriatus est, annulum quem ^J)cret se sua manu confecisse, 

T ; s bo-JrsUd that he had • '-h his own ha. 

5) In Dtlu:'. j . jijijpscs defining indefinite antecedents, and 

sometimes ir \ noting result (501, 494, 495).:. 

Sunt qui piu , y *pme who think. Ita vixitfut Atjfepk nsibus 

esset carissimus. He s<.r.lL . loathe was very dear to the^xjhen^^., 

6) Sometimes in Cot aiitional and ConcessivJHMK'ttfed in 

clauses with Qihn and Quormnus (510, &15, 498, 499) : 

Dum metuant, if only (provided) they fear^^i voMjisset, diiuicasflt, If 
h: lad wished, lu would have fougn^M Ut desuit vires, tamejr est laudanda 

voluntas, Though the strength fails, stilt the will should be approved. Adest 
nemo, quin videat, There is no one present wn^does not see. 

3. By the Infinitive. This is often the best rendering 

1) In Belative Clauses denoting Result* hence after dignasAin- 
dig mis, idoncus, aptus, etc. (501): 

Non is sum qui his utar, lam not such a onMs to use (bo Who may use) 
these things. Fabulae dignae sunt, quae legantur, The fables are Worthy to 
be retd (which, or that they, should be read). | 


SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 


107 


2) Sometimes in Relative Clauses denoting Purpose, and other 
clauses denoting Result (500, 494): 

Decemviri creati sunt qui leges scribSrent, Decemvirs were appointed to 
prepare the laws (who should prepare). 


Infinitive, 


XXY. The Infinitive has a much more extensive use in Latin 
than in English. The following points require notice (539 ff.). 

1. The Infinitive with a Subject is rendered by a Finite verb 

with that: - 

Dixit se regem vidisse, He said that he had seen the Icing. 

2. The Historical Infinitive (545, 1) is rendered by the Imperfect 
Indicative: 

Iram pater dissimulare, The father concealed his angerjm 

3. The Infinitive is sometimes best rendered Jy a Fameipial 
noun with of, with , etc. 

Insimulatur mysteria violasse, lie is accused of having violated the mysd, 
tei'ies. 


i v us Idioms. 



XXYI. The following Miscellaneous Idioms are added: 

1. Certiovem ./hc&^hoiiid be rendered| to inform, and *ertior 

fieri,, to he informe JHj 

Caesar cerfigr lactus est, Caesar was informe;- 

2. Ini r se, lit. In t.trn u t.lnns< Jrrs, ‘ red, from 

each oth '. y io well other , together. 

Orancs inter differunt, They all differ/revi ■ ;ch other. 

3. Fe— qutijfem, with on© or more words betweeShe parts, should 

lot ev<w , or even—m t 
Ne nomen quidem, not even the name. 

or more ^erbs stand together in the same com- 



the first: 


Captus ft in vincula cbnjectus est, He was taken and thrown into chains. 


5. Quardo — tan to, lit| hy as much as—hy so much, is often best 
rendered before compf$$IIivcs, the — the: 

F 


10S 


LATIN READER. 


Quanto diutius considero, tanto res videtur obscurior, the longer (by as 
much as the longer) I consider the subject , the more obscure (by so much tho 
more obscure) does it appear. 

6. A Clause with quominus , by which, or that, the less, may 
generally be rendered by a Clause with that , by the Infinitive, or 
by a Participial noun with from. 

Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, It was owing to him (stood through 
him) that the engagement was not made. Non recusavit quominus poenam 
Bubiret, He did not refuse to submit to punishment. Regem impediit quomi¬ 
nus pugnaret, He prevented the Icing from fighting. 




NOTES. 


GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. 

For Explanation, of References , see page ix. 


I. Ala. As the Latin has no article, a noun may, according to the 
connection in which it is used, be translated (1) without th^article; 
as, ala , wing; (2) with the indefinite article a, or an ; as, ala , a wing; 
(3) with the definite article the ; as, ala, the wing. 

4, 23. Post Ronmli mortem. For the position of the preposition, 
see 602, II. 3. 

Y. Scrms bonus. In Latin the; adjective generally follows its noun, 
as in this example, though sometimes it preced^it, as in English. 
When emphatic the adjecti^jf^laced before its noun; as, vera ami¬ 
ci; id (7, 25). See Grammaff^io; 598, 2. -1 

II, 18. Leges . . . sunto, let the laws he, etefc The third person of 
the Future Imrarative is often best rendered by let, instead of shall. 

13, 2§. Omnium. This agrees with oiiUtuM ^| 

19g 2. Consul.:f See note on “ Consule^k (169).- 4. Yini dens. 

The ancient ftomfcns recognized a great number of gods and golaesses. 
Almo^t'hvery obj&pt in nature was under the special care ofsome one of 
thcse%bulous deities. Bacchus presided over the cultivation of the 

vine, and was the god of festivity.-6. Testis tempornm, the witness 

of tunes, 4. e. competent to testify in.regard to them. Tempora, times , 
involves events.-Habctnr, is regarded. -9. Evaserat; from evaclo. 

20jl. Expoisns est ;.from expello. -2. Regis pater. Regis refers 

to Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome.-6. Didicit; from 

disco™ —Y. Dictator*- .See note on “ Cum honor c dictator is ” (ITS). 
-Ypvcrat; from vovco^— —8. Interfecernnt; from interficio. 

21&5. Hlaioram. ThisBepends upon mater. 

22,Ig. Perdfdi; frorrfperdo. 

23,V Fecit, lit, made /^render composed, or wrote. -8. Condi (lit; 

from condo. -12. Yixeruiit; from vivo. -16. Lnxcrnnt; from 

6 


PAG* 


9 


10 







110 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

11 lugeo. -20. Snm praetervectns ; from praderveho. -21. Transie- 

rmit; from transeo. See 295, 3. 

24, 5. Nntricem . . . Sicilian]. The ancient Romans annually re¬ 
ceived large supplies of grain from Sicily. Hence the epithets here 
applied to it. 

25, 3. Belli; construe with artem , the art of war.-9. Edoctns 

fnerat; from edoceo. - 10. Pctiernnt; from pcto: See 234, 278, 2. 

12 -13. Ibernm tradnxit. This was at the beginning of the second 

Punic war, 218 B. C. The Ebro was the boundary between the Ro¬ 
man and the Carthaginian possessions in Spain.-Tradaxit; from 

traduco. -14. Transdncti snnt; from transduco. 

26, 3. Bestiolae. This refers to the insect known as the ephemeran. 

——4. Natus; from nascor. -6. Exstrnxerunt ; from exstruo. - 

7. Longos qnatcrna cnbita, each four cubits long. Quaterna is a 
distributive. See 174, 2, 1). 

27, 2. Rcdiit; from redeo , 295, 3.-3. Concessit ; from concede. 

-4. Nimiernm, quantity. The word generally means number. - 

US i sit; from millo. -8. Ifeo ; from co, 295. 

13 28, 2. NigrantCS terga, literally, black as to their backs. -3. 

Ictus; from ico. - Cccidit; from cado.— —4. Inccnsns est; from 

incendo. 

29, 3^ Yidct^jS/ees it. The object is tthe pronoun understood, refer¬ 
ring to conjurationem. 

30, 9. Non d'af. |flk ?.s not allow; lit .give. - 10. ClilHCS. This 

agrees with nos implied in damns. 

11 31, 6.' Pcrssasit Jefrom persuadco. - 8. Pepercernnt; from parco. 

32, 1. AAfth ; from adsurn. For the assimilation; of fc? before /, see 
338, 2, ad.- —2. Adjuuxit; from adjungo. - 3. Singnloruni, of in¬ 
dividuals; it depends fcpon saluti. -5. Tcrrorotn injecit, he struck 

terror mto$ i. e/inspirea with terror; lit. threw terror! into. - Injecit; 

from injicio. -6. Pngnac .... Saliminem. This was the famous 

victory gained, 480 B. C., by the Greeks over thej Persians. 

34, 1. Caesari erant agenda, lit. were to Caesar to be done. 

15 36 , 10 . Delegeruut; from dettgo. 

87, 2. Tnac litterae, your letter. This'# the common- meaning of 

the plural of this word.-5. Nctas ; Par tibiae from «<wco^psed ad- 

jettively, 575. 

38, 1. Esto, lei there be. 

18 39,4. Erat, it was. - 1. 2. SnstmaerHMi fo am, .su^iwol - 4. 

Yentornm pater. Aeolus is meant: lie wa^the god of tPufcO^itids, and 

ruled them at pleasure.--5. Singnlorum facilitates, the resources of 

individuals. See 441, 1.-IY. 1. Tarqnjjfius* Tarquinius luperbus, 

17 the last king of Rome, is meant.-3. Bederunt; from do\ ~ Y. 2. 












NOTES. 


Ill 


PAGE 

Sonat, lit. sounds ; here expresses, means. -Vox TOlnptatis, the word 17 

pleasure ; lit . the word of pleasure. -5. Exliorruit; from exhorrcsco. 

40, 3. Fannie mendacia, the falsehoods of report , i. e. the falsehoods 

circulated by report,-8. Nescinm fingit. Socrates, one of the most 

eminent philosophers of antiquity, had such a contempt for all pedantry 
and conceit of knowledge, that he claimed to know only one thing; 
viz., that he knew nothing. 

41, 1. 1’ocna; supply est, 460, 2.-3. Fuit, was, i. e. consisted of. 

- —4. Eratsoami; supply man in rendering.-6. Scnescentis; sup- 18 

ply aetatis from the preceding clause.-12. Cetcri; supply vendunt. 

42, 7. Suornai, his own, i. e. faults ( vitiorum). 

43, 9. Unjust belongs to gloriae. 19 

44, I. i. Cato 5 supply magmis habebatur from preceding clause. 

-II. 1. Kcs . . . ('Gaslitnit, managed the affairs, etc. He was gov¬ 
ernor of the Chersonesus.-III. 7. Pisces; supply capiuniur. - 20 

IV. 3. Sacra, sacred rites. King Numa was the reputed founder of the 
early religious institutions of Rome. 

45, 3. Viginti talcntis, twenty taccnts, more than $20,000, a high 

price for an oration, but the purchaser was a wealthy king, and the au¬ 
thor one of the most finished of the Attic orators.-Yeudidit; from 

vendo. 

46, 1. Anrnni; supply vili us^ t k from the preceding clause.--10. 

Adverssm ; supply fortunanu ——11. Yirtatis, ffial of virtue. It de- 21 

pends upon sifis understoo^^ 

47.2. Major; lit. greater; render older. -3. Claris; supply, 

castris. 

48, I. 5. Fnnctns snm; from fungor. -III. 9. Hettora .... 22 

Aehillcs.^These were the two most eminent wamors in theTrojlnwar; 

the former a Trojan, the latter a Greek. 

49, 2. Gesta sunt; from gero . -3. Vim; from vivo. -5. Tra- 

jecit; from trajicio. -6. Fabrieins, Aristides. They were both dis¬ 

tinguished for rare integrity and uprightness. The latter was surnamed 

theJusti With Fahricxus supply fuit. -7. Mortons est; from morior. 

-12. Timotheus; supply vixit. 

60, 7. Dcstiterunt; from desisto. -11. Expnlsusest; from ex- 23 

pello. -?3. Bello Pcrsico, in the Persian war, i. e. the war with Per¬ 

sia. Themistocles gained the celebrated victory of Salamis, 480 B. C. 

51, 4. Qua noctc — VA&cm—eadem node, qua, on the same night in 
which, i The antecedent node is incorporated into the relative clause 

accordinfAo 445, 9.--Dianae .... templnm. This temple of Diana 

at Ephesus in Ionia was celebrated for its beauty and magnificence.- 

9. Condita erat; from condo. 

52.2. Conjimxit; from coujungo. 


24 




112 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

24 53, 1. Quidam, .some, i. e. some persons.- Non re, not in reality. 

-5. Par | agrees with Aneus. 

54, 1. Cognito ; from cognosco. -4. Exccpta j from excipio. - 

6. Natns est ; from nascor. - Cicerone .... consnlibns ; XXIII. 

See also notes on “ Consules ” (169) and “ Duillio ” (185). 

25 55, I. 1. Ad simiinam senectntem, till extreme old age. -5. Yidt ; 

from vinco.- -6 . Fnsae snat ; from /undo. -8 . Erga parcntcs, pie° 

t£$=justitia erga parentes pietas dintur. -II. 4. African ns ; so called 

because of his great victory at Zama in Africa.- 5. Ex viro, i. e. from 

the word vir, man.-6. Flornit ; from fioresco , 282, I. -8 . Dc- 

dit ; from do. - III. 2. Divisa est ; from divido. - 4. Progressi 

sunt; from progredior. -5. Est, there is. - Snb pallio sordido, 

under a soiled coat , i. e. in the poor man, among the poor. 

2S 56, 5. Ab onmi parte; lit. from every part; render, in all respects. 
-6. Condidit ; from condo. -9. Dives. This is a predicate adjec¬ 
tive: is born rich. -11 . Disslmilliiaa natura, very dissimilar (things) 

by nature. 

57, 2. Ad qnas res, in iis=m Us rebus, ad quas , in those things for 
which. See note on “ Qua node, eadem ” (51, 4). 

27 68, 2. Tna; supply delectant. -3. Amicma, a friend, i. e. my 

friend^possessive omitted according to 447.-5. Consnmpsi; from 

consumo. 

60, 1. Decs CSt, &here is a God. -Tcmpcrnm, of the seasons. - 

Hernia, of events. - 2, Mala; construe with earmina. -3. llones- 

tatis; depends upon rcyula understood, 897, 1,(3).-4. Domnins; 

supply crat. 

62, 1. Meornm, of my friends, lit. of my, or mine. -2 . Agnovit; 

from agnosco. -3. SPqnisqnam; supply sapiens fait. -5. Optinmm 

quidque, lit. &very best thing; render, all the best things, Whatever is 

best, or the besfthing ever, 458, 1.-6. Pcrdidit ; from per do. 

2§ 63, 3. Peperi ; from pario, 280.-6. Deiati snnt; from defero, 

292, 2.-6. Excrcitnni, his army. Observe the omission of the pos¬ 
sessive, 447.-7. Exstinctnm est ; from exstinguo, to put out|extin- 

guish, applicable to a light. The language is figurati"; the»>eautiful 
city of Corinth is represented as a light, lumen. 

64, 3. Victoria ; supply venit. 

65, 4. Consoles; supply bini creabantur from the next clause.- 

Eini, two by two, i. e. two each year, distributive, 174, 2. 

29 66,1. Perspexero; from perspicio. 

67, 1. Fbi prinmni, when first, i. c. as soon as.-2. Cnm Graeds 

Latina, lit. Latin things with Greek things ; render, Latin studies with 

Greek studies. -Conjnnxi ; from conjungo. -4. Lycnrgi leges. 

Lycurgus was the great Spartan law-giver. His laws contributed much 











NOTES. 


113 


PAGE 

to the prosperity and greatness of Sparta.-6. Anreoran annnlornm. 29 

The wearing of gold rings was one of the special privileges of senators 
and knights.-Detraxcrat; from detrdho. 

68, 3. JVonnnlli, not none, i. e. some, 685,1.-Casnne; caswwith 

the interrogative enclitic ne appended.-Sit cffectns; from efficio. - 

4. Qnaesivit; from quaero. -Salvusnc . . . clipcns. This was his 

question when mortally wounded at Mantinea. Ancient warriors took 

special pride in preserving their shields.-5. Esscnt fusi; from 

fundo. -6. 5a causis, in suits at law . 

69, 3. Rcdires; from redeo. 30 

70, 1. Tanquaui parva, as small, i. e. unimportant. 

71, 1. Abduxerunt; from abduco. -Cincinnatnm. Cincinnatus, 

who was thus summoned from the plough to the dictatorship in an hour 
of great national peril, acted with such remarkable promptness and 
energy, that in a few days he conquered the enemy, entered Rome in 
triumph, and was rewarded with a golden crown. He then quietly re¬ 
signed his dictatorship and returned to his farm.-Dictator. See note 

on “ Cum honore diciatoris ” (178).-2. Patris, of his father, i. e. 

the Sun. The story is, that he asked his father, the sun, for the use of 
his chariot for a day, but that he found himself unable to manage the 
fiery steeds.-5. Decrcvit; from decerno. -ft consul . . . . ne 

. . capcrct. This was the usual formula by which a Romai| citizen 
might be clothed with the power of dictator. 

72, l. l T t . . . diligamng^ XXIV. 2, 5).——4. Scnserit; from 31 
sentio. 

73, 2. Qnin .... abeam; XXIV. 2, 6).-4. Qncminns sit; 

lit. by which, or that, the less God should be; render, that God^hould 
be, or God from being, XXVI. 6. 

74, 1. Qni snstlnerct, lit. who shot id sustain; render, to sustain, 

XXIV. 3.-4. Qnod . . . possit; XXIV. 2,6).—-6. Invent! stmt; 

from invenio. 

75, 1. Dnm metnant; XXIV. 2, 6). 

77, 4. Nisi in littcris, if not in letters, i. e. in literary pursuits, stu- 32 

dies.-5. Non . . „ senatnm. Senatus, senate, is derived from senex, 

and me§,nt originally an assembly of old men. 

78, ^2. Constitcrit; from eonsisto. -4. Qni . . . attigissem, though 

I had commenced (touched) Greek studies (letters); XXIV. 2, 6).- 

Attigissem ; from attingo , 

80, 1. Qunm . . . sit; XXIV. 2, 1).-2. Ncccsse est. The sub¬ 

ject is the clause, Deum .... majora. Hence necesse is neuter, 33 

438, 3 ; 42, in. 2.-Denm .... habere; XXV. 1.-ISaec habere 

majora, lit. to have these greater, i. e. in a higher degree.-4. Sno 

toto . . . non viderit. As the term of the consular office was a year, 










114 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

33 this seems a very remarkable statement. But the trum \3, Caniniu? 
was appointed only to fill a vacancy of a few hours at the very end of 
the consular year. Hence the remark is only a playful one. 

81, 1. Malonna, of evils ; from malum. -Qnod .... capian- 

tar; XXTV. 2, 1). The Subjunctive implies that the reason is assigned 

on Plato’s authority.- Pisces; supply capiantur. -2. Latinc, in 

Latin. -3. Rcdicrim ; from redeo, 295, 3. 

82, 1. Bum .... convcnircnt; XXIV. 2, 1).-Ad horam no- 

nam, till the ninth hour , i. e. till 3 P. M. For the divisions of the 

Roman day, see 711.-2. Qnievcrc ; from quiesco. -3. Vocem 

. . . excitant. The immense audiences before which the ancient trage¬ 
dians acted, rendered this precaution quite indispensible. 

83, 1. Qnantas .... habeat ; XXIV. 2, 2).-2. Tantum, only. 

-4. Qni . . . . videant ; XXIV. 3, 2).- Quas in partes, lit. into 

what parts; render, in what direction. -6. Inns, one } viz. Demos- 

34 thenes. - 7. Est. The subject is the clause, qualis res . . . sit, 655. 

84, 1. Ut . . . servem, that I should keep myself neutral , i. e., in 

respect to the civil wars.-2. Quas cognorit. XXIV. 2, 3).- Cog- 

norit ; for cognoverit , 234, 2.-3. Jussit; from jubco, 269.- Quae ; 

refers to naves , as its antecedent.-5. Ft—videar; XXIV. 2, 5).- 

Yixissc ; from vivo. 

85, 1. Qnod scircnt; XXIV. 2, 4).-2. Bcstiolas. Reference is 

here made to the insect known as the ephemeran. -3. Respondit; 

from respondco . ——— Sibi, suas. Here sibi refers to Caesar, the subject 
of the subordinate clause, while suas rerers to Ariovistus, the subject 

of the principal clause. Sec 449, II.- Vicissent ; from vinco. -4. 

Si. . . CSSCt.... fnisse. In the direct discourse, this would have the 
Imperfect Subjunctive iu both clauses, the third form,, of the conditional 

sentence (510). For C&anges in the conclusion , see 533, 2, 2).- 

file, he, i. e. Caesar.— — A SC, from himself, i. e. Ariovistus.-5. Egit ; 

35 from ago, treated, argued. - Reminisccrctnr. In the direct discourse, 

this would have been in the Imperative: hence the Subjunctive here 
according to 530, II. 

86 , 2. Patrcs conscripti, conscript fathers, often used in addressing 

the Roman senate.-5. Dormiunt ; supply pronoun referring to vir- 

tutes, they.-6. Santo, let them be. -8. Militiac sum mum jus, the 

supreme control of military affairs. -Parcnto ; supply pronoun, 

referring to cornicles. -9. Tc; subject of esse. -10 . Qaam priamm, 

as soon as possible, 444, 3. 

3(5 87, 4. Positam esse ; from pono. -5. Traditnm est ; from trado. 

-=— 7. Cnpidnm ; Acc. Masc. Sing, agreeing with aliqucm, any one, the 

omitted subject of esse. -9. Suis rebns; with one's 'own things. Suis 

refers to the omitted subject of esse. -Sant ; agrees by attraction with 


























NOTES. 


115 


Pred. Norn. divitiae , instead of the subject clause, 462.-11. Lycnrgi 3(5 

tcmporibus. This was in the ninth century B. C.-14. Knvcntas esse; 

from invenio. -16. Amare; supply*^.-17. Minima; the smallest, 

i. e. the smallest evils {mala). 

88, 4. Gracce loqni, to speak in Greek. -Latino | supply loqui. 

6. Didieernnt; from disco. -13. Esse ; supply bonus. 

89, 3. Videre .... caperct. This was the duty, or business, ne- 37 
gotium , assigned to Postumius. The language is the usual form of de¬ 
cree by which the Dictator was clothed with extraordinary power, in 
order to save the state. See note on “ Cum honore diclatoris ” (178). 

Postumius was Dictator.-4. Themistodem. This is the subject of the 

infinitive sumpsisse , while the whole clause, Themistoclem .... sumpsissc , 
is in apposition with fama. - Sumpsisse; from sumo. 

90, 3. Inter nos ; lit. between ourselves ; render, with each oilier. - 

4. Acccdit quod ; lit. it is added that , i. e. there is the additional fact 
that. 

91, 1. Tn ; subject of responsurus sis. -2. Pcnenisscntne ; per- 

venissent and ne. -3. Mel; subject of esse understood.-5. Intcr- 

fuisset; from intersum. 

92,3. Discendi; supply facultutem, 397, 1, (3).-4. Andiendi; 

supply occasio. -7. Platonis andiendi, of hearing Plato ; lit. of Plato 38 

to be heard. Platonis depends upon studiOsus, while the gerundive au- 
diendi agrees with it, 562.- 9. Quid aadicnm, what I have heard. 

93, 3. Saeerdctibns crcandis ; lit. to priests to be app ointed f render, 

to the appointment of priests, 580.- Adjeciji; from adjicio. - C. 

Nonnnlli, some, 585, 1. 

94, 1. Ad mteiligcndnci; lit. to understanding; render, id under¬ 
stand. - Est natns ; from nascor, lit. has been, born ) render, is born, 

471, 3.-4. Ad cognoscendas .... legcl^ lit. to the laws to be 

learned; render, to learn , or study the laws , etc.-Lycnrgi leges. 

The laws of Lycurgus, the great law-giver of Sparta, were very famous 
in antiquity.-6. Catiiina .... conjuravit. This iniquitous con¬ 

spiracy was formed during the consulship of the orator Cicero, 63 B. C., 
by whom it was fortunately discovered and defeated. 

95, 1. Nihil agendo, by doing nothing. 

96, 2 . Concessit ; from concedo. -3. Defensnm ; from defendo. 3S 

--5. Fades ; the object is id, the omitted antecedent of quod. -6. 

Cognitn; from cognosco. -Oratio ; supply jucunda cst from the pre¬ 

ceding clause. 

97, 2. Ilippias. He had once been tyrant of Athens, but having 
been driven from the throne, he repaired to the Persian court and 

espoused the Persian cause.- Ccddit ; from cado. -3. Pinxit; . 

ivompingo. - Teiuplo .... Bianac. See note on the same, (51, 4). 










116 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

3D -5. Terra mutata ; lit. earth, or land , having been changed; ren* 

der, change of country , 580. - 6. Expulsus ; from expeUo. - 7. 

Factus ; from facio, Pass. fio. - Snbegit ; from subigo. -8. Vinc- 

ta 5 from vincio. -9. Regibus exadis ; lit the kings having been 

expelled; render, when, or after, the kings were expelled , 431, 2, (1). 
•This refers to the overthrow of the regal form of government at Rome 

by the banishment of Tarquin, 510 B. C. See below (167, 168).- 1 

40 12. Empta; from mo. -13. Dilapsi sunt ; from dilabor. 

98, 3. Secnnda ; prosperous things , i. e. prosperity. 

99, 2. Ill bonis rebus ; lit. in good things; render, among good 

things , i. e. as blessings.- 4. Eripi, surripi. Eripio means to Aar 

away forcibly ; surripio , to take away stealthily. 


FABLES. 

41 100. Practereuuti; Dative Sing. Part, of practerco , 295, 3.-In¬ 

quit; the object is the clause, or sentence, “ Non .... malcdixitf 
357, I. 

101. (Mo ; from orior. - Quantum boni, lit. how much of a good 

thing ; render, how m uch good , 396, 2, 3). Both adjectives are here 

used substantively, 441, 2. 

42 102.|Coepit, she (the woman) began. - lilam, that she , i. e. the 

hen—— Minores ; supply divitias. - Perdidst ; from per do. 

103. Deprchensns ;Jrom deprehendo. -Mcliercule ; lit. by Hercu¬ 

les ; render; indeed, 589, 590. 

104. Snbsiliit; from subsilio. - Si .... posset ; if perchance she 

might be able, i. e. to ascertain whether she might, a dependent question, 

525, 1.-Acerbac sunt; they are sour, agreeing with uvae understood. 

-Rcpcrtas; from reperio. -Quae; depends upon assequi. -- 

Quae .... desperent ; XXIV. 2 , 5). 

105. Inbacserat $ from inhaereo. - Qui extrabat ; lit. who may 

remove it ; render, that he may remove it, or to remove it, XXIV. 3, 2). 
-Hoc, this, i. e. the removal of the bone.-Qnum .... postularct; 

43 XXIV. 2, 1).-Videtnr ; the subject is the clause, quod .... extraxr 

isti. - Extraxisti ; from extraho. . 

106. Propter hoc ipsum, on account of this very thing, or for this 

very reason. -Qnum, though. -Eos; supply esse puniendos. 

107. Qnum .... seatiret; XXIV. 2, 1).- Ut fieri solet, as is 

u-ont to happen. Solet is used impersonally.- Quibus allatis, which 













NOTES. 


117 


PAGE 

having been brought, i. e. when these were brought, 431, 2.-Quibus; 43 

see 453.-Allatis; from affiero , 292, 2.-Quod ; which , or this, i. e. 

the breaking of the bundle of rods ; it refers to the clause, ut ... . f ran- 
gerent. -Imbcdllis; supply res esset from the preceding clause. 

108. Quomodo, how , i. e. to determine how. - Propositis ; from 

propono . -Posse; depends upon a verb of saying understood ; for 44 

thus, they said, they would be able, etc., 530, 1.- Nemo repertus est, 

no one was found, i. e. who would do it.- Ilepertus est ; from reperio. 

109. Unus *, supply rcsidebat. -Orta; from orior. -Quum .... 

desperarent, while aU despaired, etc., 518, II.-Intcrrogat. The two 

objects ar q gubernatorem, and the clause, utram .... existimaret, 374,4. 

-Submerson iri, Fut. Pass. Infin. of submergo, would be submerged, 

would go down. - Proram. The full form would be: Proram prius 

submersum iri existimo. -Illc ; supply dixit, 367, 3 .-Quum .... 

sim ; XXIV. 2, 1).-Adspecturns sim ; from adspicio. 

110. Ilia, she, i. e. the tortoise.- Se TOlucrcm faccrc, to make her 

winged, i. e. to teach her to fly.-Arreptam; from arripio, agrees 

with illam: the eagle carried her, seized in his talons= seized her in his 

talons and carried her; XX. 5; 579.- Sustulit; from tollo. -In 

sublime, on high. 

111. Jnnxcrant; from jungo. -Ovis ; supply ct before this word. 45 

Prirna ; supply pars. -Quartam ; supply partem, the object of arro- 

gare. -Habitarum ; supply esse, 545, 3. 


ANECDOTES. 

112. Scicbam .... mortalem; object of dixisse, 357, I.-Cen- 

fcissc ; from gigno. -Mortalem ; agrees with eum understood. 

113. Quod, that which. The full form would be, JDeus est id 
quod, etc. 

114. Se ip sum nossc ; supply difficile est. -Nossc ; for novisse. 

115. Spes ; supply communis est, etc.--Qui$ supply habent. 

116. Dens; supply est, etc. 

117. In pompa. In the sacred processions, so common at the reli- 40* 
gious festivals at Athens, the consecrated vessels of gold and silver 
were often displayed. 

118. Scire .... nihil. See note on “ Nescium fingit” (40, 8). 

119. Scipio Africanus. This is the celebrated Roman general who 

conquered Hannibal at Zama. See below (196) and note on “ Africa* 
nus ” (196).--Antcquam .... precatus esset; XXIV. 2, 1). 







118 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

46 120 . Ccntis Cornelia?. This was the gem to which Scipio belonged 

- Jussit; from jubeo. - Kes gestas, lit. things done , i. e. deeds, 

achievements. Gestas, participle from gero. 

121. Pins esse, that it , i. e. the talent, was more. -Quod, that 

which ; supply id. 

122 . Sc ... . liaberc, that he had thirty years , i. e. was thirty 
years old. 

123. Quae conarentar; XXIY. 2, 4).- Qnacsivcnmt ; from 

quaero. 

47 124. Scripsissct; from scribo. -Cape ; supply ea, them, i. e. 

arms ( arma). 

125. Qanrn .... dixisset ; XXIY. 2, 1).- Nos $ supply sumus. 

126. Prae .... multitudinc, because of the multitude. 

127. Est propositum ; from projjono. 

128. Solon 5 the great law-giver of Athens.- Cur .... constituis- 

set; XXIV. 2, 2). 

129. Sapienteci ; this agrees with rem, and stultam , with rem un¬ 
derstood.—— Sapiens ; supply es. 

130. .Quos ; those which ; supply eos. 

43 131. Ipsi ; refers to Cornelia.-Traxit; from Iraho; detained. 

- Donee .... redirent; XXIY. 2 , 1 ).- Hacc, these , i. e. the chil¬ 
dren. It is attracted from hi to haec , to agree with the Pred. Noun, 
ornamenta, 445, 4. 

132. Fcrnnt, they report, say. For the omission of the subject, see 

460, 2.-ObiiYionis; supply artem. -Quae, those things which ; 

supply ea. 

133. Bono viro pauperi, lit. to a good poor man ; render, to a good 

man who was poor , 442^- Minus probata diviti ; to one less upright , 

who was rich:- -Filiam ; a daughter , not his daughter.-Virum. 

Vir means man in the noblest sense of the word, the true man. - 

Quae ; supply egeat. 

134. Achilles, Homcrus. The former is the hero of the Iliad , the 

latter, its author.- Olympic© ccrtaminc, the Olympic contest. The 

Olympic Games were celebrated once in four years at Olympia in Elis, 
and were the most famous games in Greece. To be crowned victor at 
these games was a coveted honor, while the herald had but an humble 
office. 

135. Profcctns; from proficiscor. -Qnum yidcrct ; XXIY. 2, 1 ). 

■- Egrcderetur ; from egredior. 

49 136. Tyrannorum domination?# This refers to the oppressive rule 

of the Thirty Tyrants appointed over Athens by the Spartans. See 
below (228). The city was liberated from them by the heroism of 
Thrasybulus.- Quantas gratias, tantas— fcwtfos gratias , quantas. 







NOTES. 


119 


PAGE 

137. Proposuit; from propono. -Qui invenisset, who should 49 

discover. The Pluperfect is explained by the fact that the discovery 
must precede the giving of the reward. 

138. Id, that , i. e. what he intended to do. 

139. Is, he, i. e. the friend.-Per . . . mdignatienem, with (lit. 

through) the greatest indignation. -Quid mill! tua. ; supply opus est 

amicitia from the preceding question. Tua agrees with amicitia to be 
thus supplied. 

140. Pkilippo. This is Philip, king of Macedonia. 

141. Titus amor . . . hnmam. Titus was the most beloved of the 50 

Roman Emperors.-Quail nihil praestitisset, that he had rendered no 

service. The Subjunctive implies that this fact was the reason which 

the writer would give on the authority of Titus for the exclamation, 

Amici .... perdidi. See 520, II.-Praestitisset; from praesto. - 

Edidit; from edo. 

142. Cecidissc ; from cado. -Ccgncvit; from cognosco. -€cro- 

nam. Crowns, or wreaths, were often worn by the ancient Romans on 

sacred and festive occasions.-Deposnit; from depdno. -Yolnpta- 

tcai; depends upon sentxre. 

143. In lud. 01. Victorcs. See note on “ Olympico certamlne ”■ 

(134).-Affrctns est; from afficio. -Studio, race-course. Races 

formed a prominent feature in the Olympic contests. 

144. Progrcssus; from progredior. -Faknlas, fables ; here tra¬ 
gedies. -It. . . doccret. This implies that he aimed to instruct , 

rather than to please the people. 

145. Praesidibns, the presidents , or governors , i. e. of the provinces. 51 

Praesidibus depends upon rescripsit. -Qncrundas; supply esse. 

146. Yicem cornm, their fate. -Ilcctorem, Hector , the most fa¬ 
mous Trojan warrior.-ESHuxcrant; this agrees with anni. -Plus 

quam nrillc, more than a thousand years. Plus , when thus introduced, 
has no effect upon the construction ; otherwise we might expect the 
verb effluxerant to be put in the singular. See 417, 3. 

147. Quacsivisset; from quaero. -Idem, the same thing , i. e. the 

same question.-Petivit, he , i. e. Simonides, asked. Duplicaret be¬ 
low has the same subject.-Quanto dintius—tanto obscurior,gAe 

longer — the more obscure. Quanto—tanto, lit. by as much as — by so 
much, is often best rendered before comparatives, the—the , XXVI. 5. 











120 


LATIN HEAD EE. 


ROMAN HISTORY. 

PAGE 

52 148. Ill Italian). What construction would be used with the name 

of a town ? 379.-Jaaiculo : a hill on the west side of the Tiber, 

not one of the seven hills of Rome, though included within the wall 
built by Aurelian in the third century. 

149. Troja . . . cversa est. This refers to the famous Trojan war, 

said to have taken place in the twelfth century B. C.-Evcrsa est; 

from everto. -Hinc, hence, i. e. from Troy.-Pcpcrcerat; from 

parco. -Ei benignC reccpto . . . dcdit, lit. gave to him kindly re¬ 
ceived: render, received him kindly and gave , 679.-Lavinium; a 

town in Latium a few miles south of Rome. 

53 150. HI ante Albano. Mount Albanus is about 16 miles southeast of 

Rome.-Eum, him , i. e. Ascanius.-Gcnitns erat; from gigno. - 

Ejus. For whom does this pronoun stand ? 

151. Minor uatn; lit. smaller in respect to birth , or age: render, 

younger. -Bona, lit. good things—goods, property. 

152. Ycstalcm \irginem. The Vestal Virgins were the priestesses 
of the goddess Vesta: they ministered in her temple, and, by turns, 
watched the perpetual lire upon her altars night and day. They were 
bound by an oath of chastity, whose violation was punished by death. 

-Viro ; indirect Object after nubere , to marry =to veil one's self 

for , in allusion to the custom of the bride’s wearing the veil at the 

marriage ceremony.-Pcperit *, from pario. -Hoc, this, i. e. the 

fact spoken of in the preceding sentence.-Qnnm .... comperissct. 

XXIV. 2, 1).-Compcrisset; from compcrio. 

153. ESfirdcrat; from effundo. -Qnnm . . . . csscht posit!; 

XXIV. 2, lj.-^-Essent positi; from pono. -Sicco ; supply loco. 

54 154. Sic, thus, i. e. as explained above.-Transcgcrnnt; from 

translgo. -Qnum adolcvisscnt. . . comperissent; XXIV. 2, 1).- 

Adolcvisscnt; from adolesco. -Qnis ; subject of fuisset understood. 

-Qnac . . . fuisset; XXIV. 2, 2).-Aventino; one of the seven 

hills of Rome. According to the best authority, Romulus founded his 
city not on the Aventine as here stated, but on the Palatine , which 

stands a little to the north of it.-Qnum .... circumdaretur, 

XXIV. 2, 1). 

155. Asylum. This was a place of refuge where exiles and even 

criminals might obtain shelter and protection.-Qnnm .... vcnis- 

sent; XXIV. 2, 1).-Inter ipsos ludos, in the midst of the very games. 















NOTES. 


121 


PAGE 

156. Quum . . . appropinquarent; XXIV. 2, 1).-la Tarpciaro 54 

.. . iiicidernnt. They fell in with , or met Tarpeia , etc.-Aunnlos 

.... aruiillas. Rings and bracelets were often awarded, to soldiers 
who had distinguished themselves in battle. 

157. Tarpeiam. This was one of the seven hills of Rome: it was 55 

also called Capitolinus. The Capitol was built upon it. - Forum 

Romanum. This was an open space in the form of an irregular quad¬ 
rangle between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. In this were held 

the great public meetings of the Roman people.-la media caedc, in 

the midst of the slaughter , 441, 6.-Raptac; supply mulieres. - 

Hinc ... . liinc, on the one side . ... on the other. - l ocdns icit, made 

a compact. Ico , lit. to strike , has reference to striking and slaying the 

victim in ratification of treaties, compacts, etc.-In urbem reeepit, 

lit. received into the city: the meaning is, he received them into full citi¬ 
zenship. 

158. Dcscripsit; from dcscribo. -Quum .... tnm, not only 

. . . . but also. -Qnaiii .... Instraret *, XXIV. 2,1). Lustrarct, 

reviewed, lit. purified , as there were certain ceremonies appointed for 

the review of a Roman army. - Ortam ; from orior. - Interfcctum ; 

from interficio. Supply esse. 

159. Interregnum. This was the interval between the death of 

one king and the accession of his successor to the throne. In this in¬ 
stance the government was administered by the senate.-Elapso; 

from elabor. -Natus; from nascor. -Gessit; from gero. -Egc- 

riac monitu . . . dicchat. This was the device of Numa to give sanc¬ 
tity to his institutions, as Egeria was a goddess.——Morho dccessit, lit. 
died from disease, i. e. died a natural death. 

160. Succcssit; from succedo. - Pracstiterat ; from praesto. - 50 

[Ioratiornui et Cnriatiorum. After the necessary preparations for hos¬ 
tilities had been made both by the Albans and the Romans, and the 
two armies were already drawn up face to face, it was agreed to decide 
the question of supremacy by a combat between the three brothers, the 
Iloralii, on the part of the Romans, and the three Curiatii, also broth¬ 
ers, on the part of the Albans. The Curiatii were all slain; one of 
the Iloratii survived; his victory therefore decided the question in 

favor of Rome. See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. -PcrGdiam Metii SnJTctii. 

Metius Sufietius, dictator of the Albans, having been summoned by the 
Romans to aid them against the Veientines, drew off his forces at the 
rery moment of battle, and awaited the issue of the engagement. For 
this perfidy he was put to death, and Alba was razed to the ground. 

See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. -Aunis. What is the common construc¬ 

tion for duration of time ? 378. 

161. Nova ci moenia drcuuuledit. The same thought may be ex- 










122 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

58 pressed thus: Kovis earn moenibus circumdcdit; in which mm is the 

direct object , and moenibus , the ablative of means. 884, II. 1.- 

Morbo obiit. Compare morbo decessit (159). 

162. Qui .... Tarquiiiiis accepit. He was called Tarquinius from 
the city Tarquinii in Etruria, where he lived many years. 

57 163. Minorum gentium, supply patres, or senatores. -Nee pantos, 

lit. nor a few ; render, and not a few. -Ademptos, from adimo. - 

Triumpbans, triumphing—in triumph. The honor of entering Rome 
with an imposing triumphal procession was, in later times, often award¬ 
ed to victorious generals.-Capitalium. The term Capitol was some¬ 

times applied to the temple of Jupiter, and sometimes to the whole 

Capitoline Hill, including both the temple and the citadel.-Per Anci 

filios. What is the usual construction for the agent after passive 
verbs ? 414, 5. 

164. Gcnitns; from gigno. -Adolevissct; from adolcsco. 

165. Tanaqail . . . diccns, regem . . . obcdirct. This was the de¬ 

vice which Tanaquil, the widow of the murdered Tarquin, employed to 
place her son-in-law, Servius Tullius, upon the throne. Her success was 
complete.-Diccns. What is the direct object of this transitive par¬ 
ticiple ? 550.-Convaluissct; from convalesco. -Montes tres. The 

Viminal , Esquihne , and Coelian Hills are undoubtedly meant, though 
the Coelian was probably added under the reign of Ancus Marcius. The 
other four of the seven hills, the Palatine, Capitoline , Quirinal , and 

Aventine , were already occupied.-Ccnsnm. The census was taken 

every live years for the purpose of ascertaining the number of citizens, 
the amount of property, etc.-la agris, in the fields , i. e. in the coun¬ 

try, or territory about Rome. 

166. Intcrfcctns cst$ from interficio. -Qnnm . . . rcdirct; 

XXIY. 2, 1). 

167. Cognomen . . mernit; he was called Superbus , because his 

character deserved the title.-Moribas; observe the difference of 

meaning between the singular and the plural, 132. 

5§ 168. In cxitinm, lit. into the destruction ; render, for the destruc¬ 

tion. What cases does in admit, and with what significations? 485, 1. 
Ei, against him , indirect object. 

169. Consnlcs. The consuls were joint presidents of the Roman 
Commonwealth, with all the power and most of the insignia of office 

which the kings had assumed.-Annnnm, for one year. -Placncrat, 

lit. it had pleased , seemed good ; render, it had been determined. - 

Tarqniniornm familia. Collatinus belonged to this family. He was 

accordingly deprived of his office and went into exile.-In ejns locum, 

lit. into his place: here, by a difference of idiom, it must be rendered, 
in his place. 







NOTES. 


123 


PAGE 

170. Sesc iiivRcm, lit. themselves in turn ; render, each other. - 59 

Lnxerimt; from lugeo. -Qninque consnlcs. One consul had been 

deprived of his office during the year, one had been slain in battle, and 
another had died. 

171. Doratius .... esset. This achievement of Horatius Codes, 
and that of Mucius Scaevola, mentioned below (172), became famous in 
the annals of Rome. They have been celebrated in prose and verse. 

See Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome.-Donee . . . rapt as CSSCt, 

XXIV. 2, 1).-Ad so OS, to his friends , companions. 

172. Castra; observe difference of meaning between the singu¬ 
lar and the plural. 132.-Scribam pro rege. He mistook the secre¬ 
tary for the king.-Terreret, endeavored to terrify. 469, 1.- 

Donee .... consampta esset. XXIV". 2, 1).-Consenait; from 09 

consenesco. 

173. Exactos; from exigo. -Qacstns ; from queror. -Qncd 

. . . . cxhaarirctnr; XXIY. 2, 1).-Seccssit; from seetdo. -Pa- 

ti’CS, senators , see above (158).-Qni .... ccnciliaret J XXIY. 3, 2). 

-Tribnni plebis. The tribunes were at first two iu number, then 

five, and finally ten. Their persons were sacred and they were clothed 
with great power. They might at any time, by their power of veto , ar¬ 
rest the action of the magistrates, or even of the senate. 

174. Milliarinm nrbis, lit. milestone of the city ; render, milestone 
from the city. The Roman roads were furnished with milestones mark¬ 
ing the distance from the city. 

175. Dace Fabto ccnsale, lit. Fabius the consul (being) leader; 61 

render, under the command of Fabius the consul. -Qaam . . . . vi- 

cissent, XXIY. 2, 1).-Pcllcxissent; from pellicio — —Exorto; from 

exorior. -Pericrunt; from pereo. -Potuerat; from possum-. - 

Prudent! cunctationc, by prudent delay. Fabius, in the second Punic 
war, deliberately adopted the policy of weakening Hannibal by delay , i. e. 

by not allowing him an engagement. His policy was entirely successful. 

176. In co crant, at ... . emcrent, they were in this , i. e. in such 
a condition, that ihey would purchase ; the meaning is, they were on the 
point of purchasing. 

177. Magnitndine. What other case might have been used ? 396, IY. 

-Provocavit, challenged. -Dine, hence, i. e. from the fact of taking 63 

the iorquis and adorning himself with it. Torquati is derived from 
torquis. 

178. Cam lionore dictators, with the rank of dictator. The dictator 

was appointed only in times of great danger, and was invested with al¬ 
most unlimited power for a period of six months.-UJagistro cqnitum. 

This is the title of an officer always appointed in connection with the 
dictator, or by him.-Occasioned nactas, taking advantage of a fa- 





124 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

62 vorable opportunity. -NactES \ from nanciscor. -Capitis, lit. of the 

head ; render, to death. 

179. Post, afterwards. -Quid .... pntaret; XXIY. 2, 2).- 

63 Respondit. What is the direct object? 550.-lMmittcndos ; supply 

ease. -Sul) jogum. The yoke was thus used as the symbol of sub¬ 

mission and servitude; it consisted of a spear supported horizontally 
by two others placed in an upright position. 

180. Quia .... fccisscnt. If this reason had been given on the 

authority of the narrator, the indicative would have been used. The 
subjunctive implies that this was the reason then alleged for waging the 
war. See 620, II.-Primam . . . transmarino hostc. Their pre¬ 
vious wars had been waged with various nations in Italy and Gaul.- 

Qmrni .... ccpissct; XXIY. 2, 1).-Quaecunquc .... agercn- 

tnr; XXIY. 2, 3). 

181. Auxiiio clephantornm. The Romans had never before met 

elephants in battle, and indeed were unacquainted with the animal. The 
battle was fought in Lucania; accordingly the Romans called the ele¬ 
phants Lucanian oxen, boves Lucae. -Per noctcm, during the night. 

-Adversis vulncribas, with wounds in front: it was a disgrace to 

receive a wound in the back.-Etiam mortaos, even in death. -Ego 

.... subigerem $ in apposition with voce. 

182. Perrexit; from per go. -Octavo deeimo. What other form 

of this numeral is common? 174.-De captivis redim cedis; lit. con¬ 

cerning captives to be ransomed: the meaning is, to treat concerning 

the ransoming of captives. -Fabricinm. Fabricius was celebrated for 

his integrity. See note on “ Fabricius ” above (49, 6).-Ut . . . . 

promitteret; XXIY. 2, 5).-Contemptns cst; from contemno. 

183. Qnam ... teneretur; XXIY. 2, l).-Qui . . . prete- 

rct, lit. who should seek : render, that he might ask , or to ask ; XXIV. 
3, 2).-Ut Pyrrhus .... obtiaeret. This clause expresses the con¬ 

dition on which Cineas was to ask peace, and may accordingly be re¬ 
garded as in apposition with conditione. 495, 3.-Ex Italia. What 

construction would be used, if the name of a town should be substituted 

here? 421, II.-Iicdiissct; from redeo, 295, 3.-Pyrrho; indirect 

object of respondit ; the direct object is the clause, se regum pair inn 
vidisse. 550.-Qnaiis .... visa esset. XXIY. 2, 2). 

184. Altcro, second. -Saterfecti; supply sunt. -Vice turn ; from 

vincio , bound , or in chains. -“ Ille . . . ab honestatc . . . potest. 5 ’ 

This entire sentence, as a direct quotation, is the object of dixisse, 357,1. 

-Hie cst Fabricius qui. Fabricius is that one who , i. e. the man, 

who.-Honestatc; supply averti potest. -A Toronto. What is the 

common construction? 423, I. ; 423, 1.-Reccssit; from rccldo. 

65 185. Post urbem conditam, lit. after the city built; render, after the 










NOTES. 


125 


PAGE 

building of the city, 680. Rome, the city here spoken of, is said to G«> 

have been founded 753 B. C.-Prim am . . . dimicaverant. This 

was the first naval engagement of the Romans. Their previous wars 

had been waged only on land.-Dnillio . . . consnlibns. The date 

of an event was generally denoted by the names of the two consuls for 
that year; in the consulship of Duillius and Asina, lit. Duillius, Asina, 
consuls , or being consuls. These names are thus put in the Ablative 
Absolute, generally without the connective et. -Mersit; from mergo. 

186. Pancis . . . interjectis, lit. a few years having been thrown 
between ; render, after a feio years had intervened, or after an interval 

of a few years, 431, 2 .-Est translatnm ; from transfero. -Scxa- 

giuta quattnor. May quattuor stand before sexaginta ? If so, would ct 

be expressed, or omitted ? 1*74, foot-note.-Yiginti duas; supply 

naves. -Amiscrunt; f vomamitto .-Qnnm . . . vemsscnt; XXIY. 

2 , 1 ).-la fidem acccpernut, received under their protection , though 

as subject states.-Captns; supply est from next clause. See also GO 

XXVI. 4.-Copjectns est I from conjicio. 

187. Favit. How is the Perfect of this verb formed ? 270. How is 

the Perfect regularly formed in the second conjugation ? 213, II.- 

Qnnm victi cssent; XXIV. 2, 1 j.-Ut . . . proficisccrctnr . . . ct 

impctrarct. Verbs of asking take two Accusatives, or Objects: these 
clauses may accordingly be treated as one of the objects of rogaverunt , 
while at the same time they express the purpose of the request. 492, 2 ; 

874, 4 .-Dixit. Give the direct object of this verb, 650.-Dcsiisse; 

from desi.no. -Ilia die. What is the usual gender of dies ? 121.- 

Illos, that they, i. e. the Carthaginians.-lilos .... liabere. This 

infinitive-clause does not strictly depend upon suasit, but upon a verb, 

or participle, signifying to say, involved in it. 530,1.-Fraetos ; from 

frango. -Tanti non esse, that it was not of so much importance- 

worth the while. 

188. Pnnici, Punic, i. e. Carthaginian. The word is derived from 

Poeni. -Captae, demcrsae, capta; supply sunt from occisa sunt. - 

Demcrsac; from demergo. -Citra Ibcrnm, on this side of the Ebro , 

i. e. on the side toward Rome, the northern side.-Dccesscruut; from 

decldo. 

189. IVovcm annos nfttum, lit. having been born nine years: render, 6*7 

when he was nine years old ; XX. 3.-Ilic . . . actatis, he living, or 

passing the twentieth year of his age ; render, he when in his twentieth 

year ; XX. 3.-Qui qnnm, when he, i. e. Hannibal, 453.-Miscrnnt. 

The object is legatos understood, though it is scarcely necessary to sup¬ 
ply it in translating.-Socios, the allies , meaning the citizens of Sa- 

guntum.-Rcddita; supply sunt. 

190. Fratre . . . relieto. Hannibal left his brother in Spain to 











120 


LATIN READER. 


PACK 

67 take care of that province in his absence.- Transiit ; from transeot 

295, 3 .- Traditur, he, i. e. Hannibal, is said. - Sc conjunxcrunt. 

Why is se here used, rather than eos or illos? 449, I.-Dcdiderun* , 

68 from dedo. - Progressus; from progredior. -Interemptus ; from 

inlerimo ; supply est. 

191. Quingentcsirao duodequadragcsimo. For combination of nu¬ 
merals, see 174.- Intellcctmn crat ; from intelligo. The infinitive- 

clause, Hannibalcm . . . posse, is the subject.- Mora* The Roman 

general, Fabius, had adopted with great success the policy of weakening 
Hannibal by delay, i. e. by not allowing him an engagement. See above 

(175).- Victi, capti, occisi; supply sunt with each participle.- 

Pcricnmt ; from pereo. -Quod. This relative does not relate to any 

particular word as its antecedent, but to the leading proposition, or the 
fact mentioned in it; the relative is accordingly neuter, as clauses used 
substantively uniformly take that gender, 42, III. 2.- Factual ; sup¬ 

ply erat. 

192. OMaiit *, from offero. Here obtulit takes Romanis as its in¬ 
direct object, while the direct object appears in the form of a clause, 
viz. ut captlvos ■ redimerent. This is plainly the offer made to the Ro¬ 
mans ; but this clause als® states the purpose of the offer, viz. that they 
might ransom the prisoners. Hence the subjunctive redimerent. 492. 

- Qui . . . potuissent, icho had been able ; XXIV. 2 , 5).- Armati. 

The senate regarded it as a disgrace, that any should be captured so 

long as they had arms to defend themselves.-Aurcorum anunlornm. 

See note on the same (67, 6 ).-Uos comes. Observe position at the 

beginning of the sentence to mark emphasis. 594, I.-Detraxerat ; 

from detraho. How is the Perfect formed ? 258, I. 1.- Ilasdrubnl 

.... exercitn. See above (190, line 1 ).- Rcmanscrat ; from re-' 

rnaneo. - Bnobus Scipiombus. These were Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio 

and Publius Cornelius Scipio, the latter the father of Publius Cornelius 
Scipio Africanus, who defeated Hannibal at Zama. See below (196). 

193. Res prospcrc gesta est, a successful battle was fought. In a 

military sense, rem gero frequently has this meaning.- Maguam hejns 

69 Insulae partem. For arrangement of words, see 598, 3. - Jade, 

thence, i. e. from Syracuse.- In Macedonia* What construction 

would have been used, if this had been the name of a town instead of 

that of a country? 421, II.- In dcditioncci acccpit, lit. received into 

surrender ; the meaning is, accepted the terms of a surrender. -Rc*= 

gressns est ; from regredior. 

194. Duo Scipioues. See duobus Scipionibus (192) and note on the 
same. They were both slain in battle within a month of each other, 

in the year 212 B. C.- Uic, puer duodeviginti annornm, he when a 

boy tigliteen years of age, 363, 3. - Post cladcui Cawicnscm, after the 






















NOTES. 


127 


PAGH 

defeat at Cannae (191).-Yiginti qnattuor .... natns, lit. having 69 

been born twenty-four years ; render, when twenty-four years of age. 

-Cartliaginein Novaui, New Carthage , a city in Spain, founded soon 

after the first Punic war by Hasdrubal, brother-in-law of Hannibal. It 
was named after Carthage in Africa ; its present name is Carthagena. 

- -Parentibas, to their parents. -Transierunt; from transeo. 

195. Creatus; supply est. -Millibus . . . militibns. When is 

millia followed by the Genitive and when by its own case? 178.- 

Qua re audita, lit. which thing having been heard ; render, having heard 
this , or on hearing this , 431, 2, 3). 

196. Plus semel —plus quam semel, more than once. -Ad Zamam, TO 

near Zama. -Peritissimi duces, Hannibal and Scipio are meant.- 

Scipio victor rcccdit, lit. withdrew victor ; render, left the field as victor, 

or simply was victorious. -Ingenti gloria triumpliavit. Compare cum 

ingenti gloria . . . rcgressus est (193).-Africanns. This title was 

conferred upon Scipio in commemoration of his victories in Africa. 

See also nomen Africani junioris ( 200 ). 

197. Finito Punico bello. Which Punic war is meant? (185 and 

189).-Maccdoiiicum ; supply bellum. -Contra Philippnm. This 

limits bellum understood, the war against Philip , 352, II.-liege in. 

Philip was king of Macedonia. 

198. Rebcllavit, rebelled, i. e. renewed the war against Rome.- 

Rex. What king ?-Dcdcrct, dedidcrunt; from dedo. -Rcmornm 

or dines, banks of oars. These were arranged, one above another, so 
that the oars belonging to the highest ordo , or bank , were much longer 
than those belonging to the lowest. War-vessels generally had three 
banks, and were accordingly called triremes ( tres, remi), but it was no 
'uncommon thing to see vessels with four or five banks, and some are 

said to have had thirty or forty.-Ante cnrrnm, before the chariot , 71 

i. e. of the conqueror. In the triumphal procession, the captives and 
spoils preceded the chariot of the victor, while the victorious army 
followed it. 

199. Susccptum est , from suscipio. -Sbi, there , i. e. in Africa.- 

Per Scipioncia. W r hat is the common construction for the Agent of 

passive verbs ? 414, 5.-Tribunns, tribune, an officer in the army 

commanding a part of a legion. The number of tribunes to each legion 

was at first three or four, afterward six.-jVepetem, grandson, but 

only by adoption. He was the son of Aemilius Paulus, the celebrated 
general, who conquered Macedonia. See above (198). 

200. Qanai . . . csset . . . nornen, when now the name of Scipio 

was ( or, had become) great ; XXIV. 2 , 1 ).-Missus; supply - 

Accrrimc defensara, lit. most valiantly defended ; render, though (it was) 
most valiantly defended. -Facta ; supply est. -Plarima, very many 













128 


LATIN EEADEE. 


PAGE 

things, referring especially to the works of art, fetatues and votive 
offerings, which the Carthaginians had taken from the temples of the 
conquered cities in Sicily. 

72 201. Exortom cst; from exorior. -Civitate. Logically this is 

in apposition with Numantia implied in Numantinis. -Victus ; sup¬ 
ply es f .-Pacem infamem. The terms were that Numantia should 

remain free and independent.--Tradi; depends upon jussit in the 

line above.-Militem; lit. soldier , the individual representing the 

class; render, soldiery. Correxit; from corrigo . Partial—par¬ 
tial ; lit. partly—partly ; render, either — or. These words may, how¬ 
ever, be often best rendered by some—others , followed by of. Thus, he 

captured some of the many cities of Spain and accepted others , etc.- 

la dcditioncm acccpit. See note on the same (193). 

202. Anno urbis conditac . . . sexto, in the six hundred and sixty- 
sixth year from , or after (lit. of) the founding of the city. Urbis con- 
ditae is here equivalent to post urbem conditam (185), or ah urbe con- 

dila (207).-^-Romae. What case would have been used, if this had 

been a noun of the third declension ? 421, II.-Mitliridaticnm ; sup¬ 
ply bellum. -Marins, Snllae. These generals were the leaders of 

rival political parties. Marius was supported by the common people 
and Sulla by the nobles.-Adversns Mitliridatcm. This limits hel¬ 
ium, 398, 4.-Qnnm . . . dccrctnm cssct; the meaning is: when the 

management of the war had been entrusted to him by a decree of the 
Senate. The Subjunctive is here rendered according to XXIY. 2, 1). 

-Dccrctnm cssct; from decerno. -Ei, i. e. Sullac. -Qnnci—tarn. 

Usual meaning, not only — but also ; both — and, etc.; render here either 
— or. -Composite; from compono. -Profectus est; from prqficis- 

73 cor. -Asia, qnam invascrat. Not all Asia, but that portion of it which 

he had invaded, referring especially to those portions of Asia Minor 
west of his own dominions. 

203. In Graccia et Asia. Mithridates, emboldened by his success 
in Asia Minor, had sent an army into Greece. Athens and Thebes 

were at this time in his possession.-Fugatns fucrat. Marius had 

been for some time in concealment.-Pirns cx, one of; lit. one from. 

-Ingrcssi; from ingredior. -Mnltos proscripscrunt, proscribed 

many. «In the civil wars, Sulla caused lists of the names of those per¬ 
sons whom he wished to have killed to be exposed to public inspection. 
Those whose names were on these lists were outlawed or proscribed, 
and any one might slay them and claim a reward; their property was 
confiscated, and their descendants were excluded from all offices of 
honor and trust. See Smith's Diet, of G. and R. Antiquities ; also 
Schmitz's Hist, of Rome. -Compulcrmit; from compello. -San¬ 

guine. Gender? Civmm. Genitive plural, how formed? 65, 3,1). 







NOTES. 


329 


PAGB 

-Be, lit. concerning ; render in this instance, over. -Italicnm, 73 

civile ; supply helium. -Socialc dictum cst; this is the predicate of 

the relative clause.-Vires consularcs, men who had been consuls , i. e. 

men of consular rank or dignity= ex-consuls. The consuls, it will be 
remembered, were two in number, were elected for one year, and had 

all the powers of king. See note on “ Consulcs " (169).-Practorios, 

those who had been praetors. "When the office of praetor was first insti¬ 
tuted, only one was appointed, who was to act as a kind of third consul 
•with the leading part in the administration of justice ; about a century 
later a second was added, called praetor peregrinus , to administer jus¬ 
tice among foreigners and strangers resident at Eome. The number of 
praetors was increased from time to time, until at the beginning of the 
civil wars of Sulla and Marius, it was six ; and in the dictatorship of 
Sulla it was raised to eight. See Smith's Diet, of G. and R. Antiqui¬ 
ties, and Schmitz's Hist. Rome. -Aedilitios, those who had been aediles. 

The aediles (from aedes ) were Roman magistrates who had charge of 
the public buildings, highways, etc., and acted as city police. They 

were at first two in number, afterwards more. See Smith's Did. - 

Scnatorcs. The Roman senate (from senex ) was regarded as a body of 
elders or fathers (patres). The number was at first 100 (see 168), then 
200 (see 163), and finally 300, which continued to be the number until 
the time of the civil wars between Sulla and Marius. The number was 
then increased to 500 or 600 by the election of a large body of Roman 
knights. See Smith's Diet. 

204. Comciotum est; from commoveo. -Gladiatores. Gladiators 

were men who fought for the amusement of the Roman people. They 
consisted mostly of prisoners, slaves, and malefactors; they were 
trained in the skilful usj of weapons at schools established for the pur¬ 
pose {Judo gladiatorio). -Capnae, at Capua.— —Hannibal; subject 74 

of movit understood. - Coiitraxenmt ; from contraho : explain for¬ 
mation of the Perfect; 258,1. 1.-Vicernnt; from vinco.- —Pro- 

console. The proconsul, as the name implies, was one who acted with 
the power of a consul. Those who had been consuls ( viri consuldres') 
were often allowed to assume the government of provinces, and to ex¬ 
ercise in these provinces all the powers of a consul; they were then 

called proconsuls. -Staliac. 13 this genitive objective , or subjective? 

396, II. 

205. Per ilia tempera# How could tempora be governed without 

the preposition ? 378. Per makes the idea of duration more promi¬ 
nent, throughout those times. - Maria. What is the ending of the 

stem ? 63.-Id bellura, this war , i. e. that against the pirates.-Dc- 

erctnrn est; from decerno. For the meaning see note on a Quum .... 
dccretum esset" (202).-Menses; give gender, 107, 2.-Contra 









130 


LATIN HEADER. 


PAGE 

74 rcgcm# This limits bcllum. -Qno snscepto, lit. which having been 

undertaken ; render, having undertaken this ; 431, 2, (3).-Tantum, 

only. -Coactus; from cogo. -llansit; from hdurio. -Ilimc vitae 

fiuem. For the order of these words, see 598, 3, and for their position 
at the beginning of the sentence, see 594, I. 

206. IHe se ei. What nouns are represented by these pronouns ? 

75 -Dedidit; from dedo. -Grandi petunia, a large sum of money , 

according to Plutarch, 6,000 talents, more than $6,000,000.-Seleu- 

dam Hbertate douavit. What two constructions occur ? 384, 1.- 

Qnia . . . tulcrat; quod . . . rccepissct. These are both causal clauses. 
The first, with the Indicative , states the reason as a fact, while the se¬ 
cond, with the Subjunctive , implies that the reason was assigned by 

Pornpey. 520.-Ocdsis $ from occido. -His gestis, lit. by means 

of these things done , i. e. by these achievements, Abl. of Means, 414, 4. 

-Antiquissimo hello. This war continued nearly thirty years.- 

Ante trinniphantis currnm, lit. before the chariot of (him) triumphing ; 
render, before his chariot, as he triumphed, referring to the triumphal 

procession.-Filii Mitliridatis. They were five in number.-In- 

iinitnm pondus. According to Plutarch, this amounted to 20,000 

talents, more than $20,000,000.-Orbem tcrrarum, strictly the world , 

but sometimes used by the Romans with special reference to the Ro¬ 
man Empire. 

207. Cicerone ct Antonio consnlibns, lit. Cicero and Antony (being) 

consuls: render, when Cicero and Antony were consuls , or, in the con¬ 
sulship of Cicero, etc.-Dcprclicnsi; from deprehendo. Supply 

sunt from the next clause. 

208. Qua in .... dccreta CSSCt, when Gaul had been assigned to him 

by decree , i. e. as a military province ; XXIV, 2, 1).-Yinccndo pro- 

76 cessit, proceeded by conquering, i. e. advanced victoriously.-Oceaiiuin 

Britaimicum, British Ocean, i. e. the English Channel.-Ginncm Gal¬ 

lia m qnae, etc. Not all Gaul, but that portion which is bounded as 

described.-Ne nomcn quidein, not even the name ; 602, III. 2.- 

Cognitcm ; from cognosco. 

209. Absens. It was unlawful for a general, while in command of 
an army, to otfer himself as a candidate for the consulship, and indeed 
for any one to do so while absent from Rome. Caesar was both absent 

from Rome and in command of an army.-Quern quum . . . defer- 

rent, contradictnm est, etc., when many would confer this, etc., opposi¬ 
tion (or, objection) was made. -Dimissis ; from dimitto. -Transiit; 

from transeo. -Dictatorcm. See note on “ Diclatoris ” (178). 

210. lude, thence , i. e. from Rome.-Qispanias, Spain. The 

plural is often used, as the country was divided into two parts, viz. 
eiierior, on this side of the Ebro, i. e. orv the side toward Rome, and 


















NOTES. 


131 


PAGH 

ulterior , beyond the Ebro.-Ncc .... supcrari. This entire clause 70 

is the object of dixit. 550.-Nec, and not, , 587, I. 2.-Vincere. 

This is the object of scire ; Caesar said that Pompey did not know 

(what ?) to conquer , or how to conquer. -lugcntilms .... corn missis, 

with great forces engaged on both sides. -Puguatum est, the battle ivas 77 

fought. -Dircpta sunt; from diripio. -1 rcge Aegypti. This king 

was the last of the Ptolemies and the brother of Cleopatra.-Occidit; 

slew, though not with his own hands. He employed men to do it.- 

Gcncri. Pompey had married Julia, the daughter of Caesar; while she 
lived, she was, of course, a strong bond of union between the two, but 
she had died six years before the battle of Pharsalia. 

211. Qua de causa, for which cause. For the order of words, see 

602, II. 1.-Pompciauarum .... reliquias, the remnant of Pompey's 

party. Insolenti as agerc. He allowed himself to be proclaimed con¬ 
sul for ten years, imperator and dictator for life. This was a virtual 

overthrow of the Roman Republic.-Conjuratum est; a conspiracy 

was formed. -Sexaginta vel auiplius, sixty or more. -Inter conju- 

ratos ; lit. among the having conspired , i. e. among the conspirators. 

-Brnti duo ; viz. Marcus and Decimus. -IHius Brnti. See above 

(169).-Regibus expulsis, lit. the kings having been banished; ren¬ 
der, after the banishment of the kings. -Quuci. . . VCSiSECt 5 XXIV. 

2, 1).-Confossns est; from confodio. 

212. Intcrfecto •, from interfcio. -A Cacsaris partilms stabat, 7§ 

favored the party of Caesar (stood by the party, etc.).-Magister 

eqnitum. See note on u Magi sir o equi turn” (178).-Susceptus est; 

from suscipio. -Octavianus. He was the son of Octavius, but was 

adopted by Julius Caesar, with the name Octavianus Caesar. -Patris 

sui, i. e. his father by adoption, Jidius Caesar. -Extorsit; from ex- 

tor queo. - Ut . . . daretnr. This clause expresses both the direct 

object of extorsit and the purpose of the action : Caesar extorted (what ?) 
that the consulship should be given , and (for what purpose ?) in order 
that it might be given. See 492, 1.-Yiginti annorum. The age re¬ 
quired by law was forty-three.-Junctus; from jungo. -Proscrip- 

sit. See note on “ Proscripscrunt ” (203).-Per lios. By whom ? 

213. Profecti. This is in the plural to agree with Octavianus ct 

Antonius. -Secundo; supply proelio. -Infinitum nobilitatcni,quae, 

lit. the infinite nobility , which ; render, the countless nobles , who. - 

Victam interfcccrunt, lit. they slew (them) being conquered; render, 

they conquered and slew. See 579.-Hispanias. See note on this 

word (210).-Gal lias. The plural is used because the Romans divided 79 

the country into two parts, viz. Gallia ulterior or Transalplna , or Gaul 
beyond the Alps ; and Gallia cilerior or Cisalpina , or Gaul on this 
side of the Alps ; i. e. on the side toward Rome. 

G 












132 


LATIN READER. 


VAGB 

70 214. licpudiata sorore. Antony had married Octavia, the sister of 

Octavianus.- Uxorcm duxit, married , lit. lead as wife. The language 

is explained by the fact that the bride was usually conducted to her 
new home by her husband and friends. See note on “ Nubere ” (152). 

- Qui locus. The relative here has only the force of an adjective. 

-Desperatis rebus, lit. things having been despaired of ; render, as 

his came was desperate (or hopeless). - Intcremit j from interimo. - 

Ex eo indc tempore, from this time, or from this time forth. bicU 
need not be translated.- Ante ; Adverb, before , or previously. 


GEE Cl AN IIISTOEY. 

80 215. Pngnac .... facerent, did not give him an opportunity of 

coming to an engagement. XXIV. 2, 1).-Ponte Istri, the bridge 

over the Ister, i. e. the Danube; lit. the bridge of the Isier. -Quum 

rediisset; XXIV. 2, 1); 518, II. -Eique. Ei refers to the fleet. 

216. Praefecti regii, the royal commanders , i. e. Datis and Arta- 
phemes.- Appulsa ; from appello. - In Campum Marathona, into 

81 the plain of Marathon. For ending a, see 68, 1 .- Ab oppido, from 

the city, i. e. from Athens.-Circiter .... decern. The distance by 

any suitable road was somewhat greater than this.-Ea, this , i. e. this 

state; supply civitas. - Dcccm .... complcta sunt, the number of ten 

thomand armed men was completed, or filled up. Thus there were 9000 

Athenians and 1000 Plataeans.- Snb montls radkibns, at the base of 

the mountain. - Commiscrunt ; from commilto. - Suis, for his men , 

441, 1.-Tanto pins, so much more. 

21 1. Quum Darius deccssissct, when Darius had died; XXIV. 

2, 1). - Deccssissct ; from decedo. -In ipso apparatu, in the midst 

of his very preparations, i. e. while actually engaged in preparing for a 

second invasion.- Ilnjus chassis, the fleet of this one, i. e. Xerxes; 

render his fleet. - IVavium Icngarum, ships of war, called longae, be¬ 

cause they were built much longer than the ships of burden ( onerarid - 

rum). -IVavium .... fuit, was of ... . ships, i. e. consisted of, etc. 

- Dc adventu. This is an attributive modifier of fama, —the report 

of his approach. - Peti, to be aimed at. - Miscrunt Delphos, they 

sent to Delphi; object omitted, sent messengers. The Delphic oracle 
was the most famous in Greece.- Dc rebus suis, lit. concerning their 

82 things, i. e. for their safety. -Id .... valcrct, what this answer 

meant.- Lt .... ccnfcrrcnt. This clause is the predicate after esse, 

























NOTES. 


133 


PAGB 

as it states what the design was.-Earn—ligneam, for that that 82 

wooden wall was meant, etc., i. e. that that was the wooden wall meant, 

etc. - Triremes. See note on “ Remorum ordlnes ” (198). - Majo- 

ribus natn, old or aged men, elders. 

218. Hnjas consilium, the- plan of this one , i. e. Themistocles.- 

Delecti, picked men. —— Qui.... occnparent ; XXIY. 8 , 2 .- Tlicr- 

mopylas. Thermopylae is a narrow pass between Locris and Thessaly, 
immortalized as the scene of one of the most remarkable instances of 
heroic daring and self sacrifice recorded in history, that of Leonidas and 
his three hundred Spartans, here mentioned.- Barbaras, Barbarians, 

1. e. the Persians. The term was applied to all who were not Greeks. 

- Non sustinnerunt. They were unable to resist the overwhelming 

force brought against them, but they performed prodigies of valor unsur¬ 
passed in the annals of war.- Classis .... navinm, the common 

feet of Greece (i. e. the fleet of all Greece), consisting of etc.- An- 

gnstias* The narrow channel, Euripus , between Boeotia and Euboea, 

is here meant.- Ancipiti pcricnlo, by a double danger, i. e. by being 

confined in the channel with one foe in front and another in the rear. 

- Exadversnm Athenas, over against Athens. Exadversum, like ad- 

versum, admits the Accus., 433. 

219. Tlicrmopylis ; see above (218).- Asta, the city , i. e. Athens. 83 

The word is often thus applied.- Idqae, and this, i. e. the city of 

Athens.- Cnjas, of this, i. e. of the burning of the city.- Tliemis- 

toclcs anas rcstitit, Themistocles alone stood firm, objected. - Univer- 

SOS, all together, united. - Idqae .... affirm abat, lit. he affirmed to 

Eurybiades that this would be, etc., i. e. he assured him that this would 

be the result.- Sanimae, dative depending upon praeerat. 386.- 

De servis sais, qnem, etc., one of his servants, whom, etc.- Sais ver¬ 
bis, in his words, i. e. in his name, from him. -Ntilltiaret. This 

verb has ei as its indirect object, and all the rest of the sentence after 
verbis as its direct object. 650.- Confcctarani ; supply cum, refer¬ 
ring to the king.- Opprcssaram ; from opprimo. - Uoc eo valebat, 

the object of this was. - Barbaras, barbarian, meaning Xerxes.- 

Contra, on the contrary, on the other hand. - Explicari, to be unfold¬ 

ed, i. e. to be brought into successful action. 

220. Hie etsi .... gesscrat, although he (Xerxes) had fought an 

unsuccessful battle; 616, III.- It .... posset hostes \ XXIV. 

2 , 5).- Ab codem, by the same one, i. e. Themistocles: eodem, it §4 

must be observed, does not belong to gradu. - Gradn, from his po- 

s ition. - Ccrtiorcm fecit ; XXVI. 1. - Id agi, lit. that it was doing ; 

render, was in contemplation. - In Hcllesponto, over the Hellespont, 

._Rcversns CSt ) from reverto, revertor, Dep. in certain forms. See 

273. III. verto. - Enins virt, of one man, i. e. Themistocles. 

7 













134 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

§4 221. Quaill =postquam ; 427, 3.-Interfectus est, destroyed , cu\ 

in pieces. 

222. Pcriclis. Pericles, a distinguished orator and statesman of 
Athens, directed the counsels of state for many years. The period in 
which he lived is famous in Grecian history as the 11 Age of Pericles.” 

@5 -Intcrjectis; from interyido. - Clara; observe its position; 

594, I. - Patrimonii contemptas, disregard of patrimony, referring. 

to the fact that he gave his ancestral estates to the republic, as ex- 

plained below.- Hostes ; subject of reliquerant. - In snspkionem 

adducerent ; supply eum ; that they might bring him into suspidon of 

treachery. - Navali .... dimkatnin est, lit. it was fought, etc.; 

render, a naval battle was fought. - In annos quinquaginta, lit. into 

fifty years ; render, for fifty years. 

223. Decernitnr, is decreed, or authorized. - Effusae snnt; from 

efi’undo. - Ut . . . essent ; XXIV. 2, 5).- - Iis, qnibns ; i. e. to the 

Catinienses.- Sccundo Marte pngnant, lit. they fight, Mars being pro¬ 
pitious ; render, they fight a successful battle, or successfully. - Ah Ms, 

by these, i. e. the Lacedaemonians.- Contractis ; from contraho. 

86 224. Triremes. See note on “ Remorum ordines ” (198).-In 

h ostium potcstatem, into the power of the enemy. In is construed with 

potestatem. Observe separation, 602, II. 3. - Simnl cum, at the same 

time with, or simply with. - Sitae sunt ; from sino. - Qnam pluri- 

mas. Quam before a superlative is intensive, and is often best ren¬ 
dered by possible ; as, quam plurxmas, the greatest possible number, as 

many as possible, or sometimes very many. - Kcque minus multas, 

lit. nor less many—and not less many=and as many more. 

225. Darius. This was Darius the Second, and not the one spoken 

87 of above (215). - It .... mitterent ; XXIV. 2, 5). - In ... 

locum, lit. into the place of; render, to take the place of, to succeed. 

226. I t numcrus .... expleretur, that the number .... might 

be filled, i. e. to raise the required number of soldiers.- Coacti sunt ; 

from cogo. - Proeliis adverso Marte puguatis, lit. battles fought, Mars 

being adverse ; render, having lost battles, or having fought unsuccess¬ 
fully. -Res .... inclinata est. The power of the Athenians was 

utterly overthrown by this defeat. The figure involved in the verb 
inclino , to incline, fall, is that of a building leaning and ready 
to fall. 

227. Nomcn Atheniensium, the Athenian name—the Athenian state 

or nation. - Negarunt .... passuros, lit. denied that they would 

permit; render, said that they would not permit. - Passuros. What 

is the object ? 554, III.-Duobus oculis, the two eyes, these were 

Athens and Sparta. - Longi muri brackia. Reference is here made 

to the long walls which connected Athens with its ports.- Triginta 



















NOTES. 


135 


PAGB 

rcctores. These are known in history as “ The Thirty Tyrantsy - §7 

Dediti, devoted to, i. e. to the interests of. 

228. Thrasyhuius* See note on “ Thrasybulo” (136).- Quod. §8 

This relative, it will be observed, does not agree with its antecedent 
JPhylen , but with the Predicate noun castellum ; 445, 4.- Triginta 

de suis, lit. thirty from (of) his ; render, thirty of his associates , or 
thirty associates. 

229. Idem impcrator, the same , i. e. Epaminondas, when commander , 

3C3, 3.- Bocotii, the Boeotians. They were the inhabitants of Boeo- 

tia, north of Attica, of which Thebes was the chief city.-Ex hastili, 

from the spear. The iron point, separated from the shaft, had re¬ 
mained in the flesh.-Extraxisset ; from extraho. -Yicisse Boco- 

tios, that the Boeotians (his own men) had conquered. 

230. Lcuctricam pugnam, the battle of Leudra. This battle des- 89 

troyed the power of Sparta and made Thebes the leading state in 
Greece, but Thebes speedily lost the supremacy after the death of Epa¬ 
minondas.- Atlienienses, non ut olim. Formerly Athens had been 

eminent in war and had been for many years the leading state in 
Greece, but of late the sterner virtues had disappeared from the Athe¬ 
nian character, and the love of ease, luxury, and festivity had taken 
their places. Thus Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, each of which had 
been in turn the leading state in Greece, had now become weak' and 
degenerate. This state of things enabled Macedonia to rise to power, 

as mentioned in the next sentence.-Obses .... Thcbis. In the 

year 369 B. C., when the power of Thebes was supreme in Greece, 
Amyntas, king of Macedonia, had been obliged to send his son Philip 
as a hostage to that powerful capital. * 

231. Auraria ; supply metalla from the next clause.- Argenti 

.... Thracia. There were also gold mines in Thrace near Philippic 

232. Din dissinmlatnni. He had long intended to make war upon 90 

Athens, but had from policy concealed that intention.- Quorum 

causae .... junxerunt, to whose cause the Thebans had joined them¬ 
selves, i. e. with whom they had allied themselves.- Qunm, though ; 

516, II.-AssiduiS bellis indnrata, hardened, or strengthened by con¬ 

tinual wars. Philip had a well-disciplined army of veterans, long ac¬ 
customed to severe and constant service.- Adversis yufeeribus. See 

note on the same (181).-Hie dies .... fmivit. The battle of 

Chaeronea reduced Greece to a Macedonian province, 

233. Hnjns victoriae .... laetitia, lit. joy of this victory ; ren¬ 
der, joy on account of this victory.- - Coronas, nngnenta. The Greeks 

often made use of crowns, garlands, ointments, and perfumes on joyous 

and festive occasions.- Quantum .... fuit, lit. as much as was in 

him; render, as far as was in his power. - lit .... victorcm 












136 


LATIN READER. 


PAGE 

90 .... seutiret, that no one would recognize the victor, i. e. the fact that 

he was such.-Bello consumptorum, of those slain in war, or battle. 

Consumptorum is used substantively; 575. -Ad formandnm .... 

Statnm, lit. to form the state of present things ; the meaning is, to ad¬ 
just or settle the posture of affairs. - Auxilia, the quotas, i. e. the 

quotas which the several states were to furnish.- Erat ; the subject 

is the clause, eum .... esse ; 549.-Suis ; supply virxbus. 

91 234. Mcdius inter duos, in the middle between the two , or simply, 

between the two. Medius is explained by inter duos. - Occupatis an- 

gustiis. He had deliberately placed himself in a narrow passage with 

the determination to slay the dung as he passed.- Ab Attalo, by At- 

talus , one of Philip’s generals.- Advcrsarinin, his adversary , mean¬ 
ing Attalus.- Nou poterat; supply exigere. - Ab iniquo judice, 

from the unjust judge, meaning Philip. 

235. Deceptis hostibns, lit. in the deceived enemy ; render, in deceiv. 

ing the enemy.' 580.-Ganderc, rejoiced, Historical Infinitive, of 

which several other examples occur in this paragraph.- Hie ; sup¬ 
ply gaudlre. -Fusis ; supply hostibus. - Hie .... excrcebat, the 

latter was wont to exercise his royal power upon, or against, his friends. 
- Amari ; depends upon matte. -Metni; supply matte. - Soller- 

S2 tlae pater; supply erat. - Hie .... abstinebat, he did not abstain 

from (i. e. from oppressing or annoying) even his allies. -Nec=e£ 

non, is here rendered not even. -Qnibus artibns, by these arts, refer¬ 

ring to the enumeration just given of the characteristics of the father 
and son, Philip and Alexander. 

236. Caedis conscios .... oecidi jussit. It was a common custom 
in antiquity thus to slay murderers and assassins upon the graves ot 
their victims, to appease the shades, or spirits, of the dead. In the 
same way, in war, prisoners were often slain over the graves of fallen 

heroes.- Sibi.... praefiatus. There is no little ostentation in this 

statement. It was of course made for effect. - Opes. Object of 

cogitabant understood; construed literally, the passage would read 
thus: they thought of nothing if not the riches, i. e. if they did not think 

of the riches, etc.; render, they thought of nothing except the, etc.- 

Ill Ilio, in Ilium, i. e. in the district, not in the city ; hence the Abla¬ 
tive with in, not the Genitive, as in the names of towns.-Timmlos 

heroum. In the vicinity of Troy, mounds are still pointed out as the 
burial places of heroes, who three thousand years since fell in tho 
Trojan war. 

237. Parecndnm suis rebus. Alexander thus inspires his soldiers 
with courage and confidence. He speaks of the country as already 

93 his and theirs. - In excrcitu .... dnae. Observe that the copula¬ 
tive connectives are omitted between the several subjects.- Ycteranos, 
























NOTES. 


137 

PAGE 

veterans, used substantively, 441.-EIcctos; supply esse. -la cam- 93 

pis Adrastiae, in the plains of Adrastia, in the vicinity of the river 
Granicus, from which the battle took its name: battle of the Granicus. 

238. Dcfuncti ; from defungor. -Confossi ; from confodio. - 

Ad hoc ipsiim,/or this very purpose. -Omaes ante earn reges, lit. all 94 

before him kings, i. e. all the kings before him, or before his time. 

239. Nihil ex ... . Aegyptiornm more. Alexander was careful not 

to give offence by disregarding the customs of the country.- Jovis 

Ammonis oraenlnm* The oracle of Jupiter Ammon was one of the 

most celebrated in the world.- Scdem consecratam deo. This was 

situated in a beautiful oasis of the Libyan desert.- Parentem Jovcm, 

parent or father Jupiter , i. e. his father Jupiter. Thus the priest, per¬ 
ceiving his ambitious vanity, flattered him with the title— son of Ju¬ 
piter. -Parentem ejas, his parent , i. e. Jupiter. The priest still 

continues his flattery.- An anctor .... colendi.... regem, lit. whe- 95 

iher he , i. e. Jupiter, would be to them the author of worshipping the 
king with divine honors, i. e. whether he would authorize them to wor¬ 
ship their king with divine honors. 

240. Nobiicm, famous. - Qnin .... esset occisns, that the king 

himself xoas slain ; XXVI. 6. 

241. Spc .... liber tatis. Greece, it will be remembered, lost it3 
independence by the battle of Chaeronea. See above (232). 

242. Cni gloriac, this glory , i. e. that of conquest and empire. 99 

243. Rccedcntem ; supply eum.— — Invitat, invites, i. e. invites 

him to drink with him.- It .... posccret ; XXIV. 2, 5).- Inter 

bibendnm, while drinking. 

244. Acacidarnm. Alexander was, by his mother, a lineal descend¬ 
ant of Aeacus, the grandfather of Achilles.- Sine rIIo .... argn- 

mento, without any mark of a more sad mind, i. e. without any indica¬ 
tion of unusual sadness.- Dignissimnm. Adjective used substan- 97 

tively; object of facere understood.- Jndicio, by a tacit decision, 

opposed to voce. 

245. Quo die =die, quo, the day, on which. Ilere the relative must 

not be rendered according to 453. - Altering — altcrins, the one—the 

other. -Belli IHyrki, that of the Illyrian war, i. e. the victory gained 

in it.- Certaminis Olympiad* See note on “ Olympico certamme ” 

(134). - Pner, when a boy; 363, 3. - Qnadrigas. Chariots and 

horses were often sent to the Olympic games to contend for the 
prizes.- Aristotcle .... magistro* Philip placed the youthful Alex¬ 

ander under the special instruction of Aristotle, the celebrated philo¬ 
sopher of Athens. Both teacher and pupil have left names famous in 

the annals of the world.- Tantam .... fldneiam fecit, he inspired 

his soldiers with such confidence. 

















LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 


For Explanation of References 

ft 

A 

A. An abbreviation of A ulus. 

A, ab , abs, prep, with abl. From, by. 

'Ab-duco, ere, duxi , ductum. To lead 
away, take away, remove. 

Ab-eo, ire, ivi, or ii, itum. To go 
away, depart, withdraw from. 295. 

Ab-hinc, adv. Henceforth, from this 
time, before, ago, since. 

Abjicio, ere,jeci , jectum , (ab, jacio). 
To throw away, throw, reject; 
prostrate, humble. 

Abripio , ere, ripui, reptum , (ab, ra- 
pio). To take away, carry off. 

Ab-rumpo , ere, rwjoi, rupturn. To 
break off or away, rend, sever. 

Absens , erift's, part, (absum). Absent. 

Abstineo , ere, ft'nwi, tenturn , (abs, 
teneo). To keep or hold back, 
abstain from. 

.46-swm, esse, jfai. To be absent or 
away, to be distant from. 204, 290. 

Ab-sumo, 8re, sumpsi, sumptum. To 
take from or away; destroy, con¬ 
sume. 

Ab-undo , are, a?;i, To abound, 

abound in, superabound, have an 
abundance. 

Ab-utor , uti, usus sum , dep. To use 
up, consume, abuse. 


and Abbreviations , seepage ix. 

Ae, a shortened form of atquc. And. 
-4c si, as if. 

Acca, ae, f. Acca, a Roman name. 
Acca Laurentia , ae, f. Acca Lau- 
rentia, the wife of Faustulus, and 
nurse of Romulus and Remus, 
(153). 

Accldo , ere, cessi, cessum , (ad, cedo). 
To approach, come to, accede to; 
be added to. Accedit , impers., it 
is added, there is the additional 
fact that. 

Accendo , ere, ccndi, censum , (ad, 
candeo). To set on fire, kindle; 
to excite, inflame. 

Acceptus , a, am, part, (accipio). Ac¬ 
cepted; acceptable, pleasing. 

Accipio, Sre, cepi , ceptum , (ad, capio). 
To accept, receive. 

-4cc«rro, ere, curri, ( cucurri rare), 
cursum , (ad, curro). To run to, 
hasten to. 

_4ccwso, are, ari, ai'um, (ad, causa). 
To call to account, to accuse. 

Acer , acris, acre. Sharp; powerful, 
valiant; diligent, intense, severe. 
163, 1. 

Acerbus , a, «m, (acer). Sour, un¬ 
ripe, morose, disagreeable. 

Achaia , ae, f. Achaia, an important 






140 


LATIN READER. 


[Achilles 


province in the northern part of 
the Peloponnesus. 

Achilles, is, m. Achilles, the most 
celebrated Grecian hero in the 
Trojan war, son of Peleus and 
Thetis, (134). 

Ades, ei, f. The order of battle, 
battle array; line of soldiers ; ar¬ 
my in battle array. 

Acquiesco, ere , quievi, quietum (ad, 
quiesco). To become quiet, to re¬ 
pose ; to acquiesce in. 

Acriter, acrius, acerrime , adv. (acer). 
Vehemently, valiantly. 305. 

Aclium, ii, n. Actium, a promontory 
and town at the entrance of the 
Ambracian Gulf on the western 
coast of Greece, celebrated for the 
victory of Augustus over Antony 
and Cleopatra, (214). 

Acuo, 8re, ui } utum. To sharpen, 
quicken; stimulate. 

Acutus, a, um, part. (acuo). Sharp¬ 
ened, pointed, sharp, acute, intel¬ 
ligent, clear-sighted. 

Ad, prep, with acc. To, towards; 
until; at, near. 

Ad-do, ere, didi, dUum. To add, 
carry to, appoint to. 

Ad-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead 
to, conduct, bring, induce. 

Ad-eo, adv. So, to such an extent. 

Ad-eo, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To go 
to, approach, visit; encounter. 
295. 

Ad-huc, adv. Thus far, as yet, even 
yet; still. 

Adimo, ere, emi, emptum, (ad, emo). 
To take from, deprive of. 

Adipiscor, ci, adcptus sum, dep. (ad, 
apiscor). To obtain, get posses¬ 
sion of. 


Adjicio, Zre, jeci, jectum, (ad, jacio). 
To throw or cast to or against, add 
to; animum adjicere , to direct or 
give attention to. 

Ad-jungo, ere, junxi, junctum. To 
join to, unite with. 

Adjutor, oris, m. (adjiivo). Aid, 
helper, assistant. 

Ad-juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, 
assist, support. 

Ad-rninislro, are, avi, atum. To ad* 
minister, manage. 

Ad-mirabllis, e. Admirable, won¬ 
derful. 

Ad-miratio, onis, f. (admlror). Ad¬ 
miration, respect. 

Admiror, dri, atus sum, dep. (ad, 
mlror). To admire, wonder at. 

Ad-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To send 
to or forward, to admit, receive. 

Admodum, adv. (ad, modus). Very, 
exceedingly. 

Ad-moneo, ere, ui, itum. To admon¬ 
ish, warn. 

Admonitus, us, m. (admoneo). Warn¬ 
ing, advice; instigation. 

Ad-moveo, ere, movi, motum. To 
move to, apply to, bring to. 

Adolescens, entis, adj. and subs., m. 
and f. (adolesco). Young, grow¬ 
ing ; a young man, a youth. 

Adolescentia, ae, f. (adolescens). 
Youth. 

Adolesco, ere, ollvi, ultum. To grow, 
grow up, increase. 

Ad-opto, are, avi, atum. To choose, 
adopt; take for a son, daughter, 
etc. 

Ad-orior, iri, ortus sum, dep. To at¬ 
tack, attempt, strive; begin. 288, 2. 

Ad-orno, are, avi, atum. To adorn, 
furnish, equip. 



Aequus] 


LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 


141 


Adrastia, ae, f. Adrastia, a district 
and city of Mysia, (237). 

Adspicio, ere, spexi, spectum , (ad, 
specio). To see, look at, behold. 

Ad-sto, are , stdtum. To stand 

near, stand by. 

Ad-sum , me, To be present 

or at hand, assist, stand by. 204, 
290. 

Adulatio , oni«, f. Adulation, flat¬ 
tery. 

Advectus , a, «m, part, (adveho). 
Brought, carried to. 

Ad-veho, ere, vexi, vedum. To con¬ 
duct, convey, import. 

Ad-venio , Ire, vcni, ventum. To come 
to, arrive. 

Adventus, us, m. (advenio). Arrival, 
approach. 

Adversarius, a, um. adj. (adversus). 
Opposite, opposing. 

Adversarius, U, m. subs, (adversus). 
Adversary, opponent, antagonist. 

Adversus, a, um, part, (adverto). Op¬ 
posite, over against, adverse, hos¬ 
tile ; fronting, in front. 

Adversus, or adversum, adv., and 
prep, with acc. (adverto). Against, 
towards, opposite to. 

Aeacides, ae, m. A patronymic de¬ 
noting a descendant of Aeacus, 
who was the grandfather of Achil¬ 
les. The name is often applied to 
Achilles; Alexander the Great 
also claimed it for himself, (244). 

Acdes, or aedis, is, f. Temple in the 
sing.; but in the plur. dwelling, 
habitation, house. 132. 

Acdifico, are,avi, aiwm;(aedes, facio). 
To build. 

Aedilitius , or aedilicius, a, um, 
(aedes). Pertaining to the aediles. 


Aedilitius, i, m., one who has been 
aedile. The aediles were Roman 
magistrates who had charge of the 
public buildings, highways, &c., 
and acted as city police. 

Aeglna, ae, f. Aegina, an island 
near Attica, (55). 

Aegos jlumen. Aegospotamqp, a 
river and town in the Thracian 
Chersonesus, noted for the defeat 
of the Athenians by Lysander, 
(226). 

Aegrotus, a, um. Sick, ill, diseased. 

Aegyptus, i, f. Egypt, (210). 

Aegyptius, a, um, Egyptian ; subs. 
Aegyptius, i, m., an Egyptian, 
(239). 

Aemilius, ii, m. The family name 
of several distinguished Romans. 
Lucius Aemilius, surnamed Paul- 
us, fell in the battle of Cannae, 
(191). Another of the same name 
conquered Perseus and reduced 
Macedonia to a Roman province, 
(198). 

Aemulus, a, um. Emulous; often 
used substantively, as, rival, com¬ 
petitor. 

Aeneas, ae, m. Aeneas, a Trojan 
prince who after the destruction 
of Troy is said to have fled into 
Italy and formed a settlement, 
(149). 

Aequalis, e. Equal, like. 

Aeque, aequius, aequissime, adv. 
(aequus). Equally, similarly. 

Aequiparo , are, dvi, qtum. To 
equal, make equal. 

Aequitas, dtis, f. (aequus). Equality, 
equity, justice. 

Aequus, a, um. Equal, similar; 
just, fair; favorable, propitious. 



142 


LATIN READER. 


[Abb 


Aer, aeris, m. The air, atmo¬ 
sphere. 

Aestimo, are, avi, dtum. To value, 
estimate. Parvi aestimdre, to think 
little of, esteem lightly. 

Aestuo, dre } avi, dtum. To be in 
agitation; to be warm, endure 
heat. 

m 

Aetas, dtis, f. Age, time of life, life. 

Affero, ferre, attuli, alldtum , (ad, 
fero). To bring, carry to, report. 

Affitio , ere, /ea, fectum (ad, facio). 
To affect, influence. 

Afflgo, ere , yin, fxum , (ad, figo). 
To affix, fasten to. 

Afjirmo , are, avi, dtum , (ad, firmo). 
To affirm, confirm, ratify. 

Afflidus , a, am, part, (affllgo). Af¬ 
flicted, troubled, prostrated. 

Affllgo, ere,Jlixi, Jlictum, (ad, fligo). 
To afflict, trouble, overthrow. 

Affluo , ere, yfom, fuxum , (ad, fluo). 
To flow toward; overflow, abound 
in. 

Africa, ae, f. Africa, (200). 

Africdnus, a, um, (Africa). African. 
Also the surname given to the 
two most distinguished Scipios for 
their achievements in Africa du¬ 
ring the Punic wars, (196, 200). 

Ager, agri, m. Field, land, terri¬ 
tory. 

Agesildus , i, m. Agesilaus, a Spar¬ 
tan king, (96). 

Agger, eris , m. Mound, rampart, 
wall. 

Aggrcdior, i, gressus sum , dep. (ad, 
gradior). To approach, attack, 
attempt. 

Agis, idis, m. Agis, -king of the 
Lacedaemonians in the time of 
Alexander the Great, (241). 


Agitdtus, a, um, part, (agito). Agi¬ 
tated, troubled. 

Agito, are, avi, dtum. To harass, 
trouble, think of. 

Agmen, Inis, n. (ago). An army, 
generally on the march, band of 
soldiers, troop. 

Agnosco, ere, novi, nitum , (ad, 
(g)nosco). To recognize. 

Ago, ere, egi, actum. To conduct, 
drive, do, act, execute, treat, ar¬ 
gue; annum vicesimum agere, to 
be in his (or her) twentieth year. 

Agricdla, ae, m. (ager, colo). Hus¬ 
bandman, farmer. 

Agricultura, ae, f. Agriculture. 

Agrigentum, i, n. Agrigentum, a 
large and wealthy town in Sicily. 

Agrippa, ae, m. A family name 
among the Romans. Menenius 
Agrippa induced the people who 
had revolted at Rome and taken 
up their quarters upon Mons Sacer 
to return into the city, (173). 

Aio, ais, ait, etc., defect. To say, 
affirm. 297, II. 1. 

Ala, ae,f. Wing. 

Aldcer, cris, ere. Active, prompt, 
joyful. 

Alba, ae, f.; or Alba Longa, ae, f. 
A city of Latium founded by As- 
canius, (160). 

Albdnus, a, um. Alban. Mons Al- 
banus, a rocky mountain sixteen 
miles southeast of Rome, (150). 

Albdnus, i, m. An Alban, a citizen 
of Alba, (161). 

Albus, a, um. White. 

Alcibiddes, is, m. Alcibiades, an 
Athenian general in the Pelopon¬ 
nesian war, (223-225). 

Alexander, dri, m. Alexander. The 




AmplusJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


143 


most distinguished of this name 
was the son and successor of 
Philip, king of Macedonia, (235- 
245). A second of the same name 
was king of Epirus and son-in-law 
of Philip, (234). 

Alexandria , ae, f. Alexandria, a 
celebrated city of Egypt, built by 
Alexander the Great; (239). 

Algeo , ere, alsi. To be cold, to feel 
cold, endure cold. 

Alias. Otherwise, at another time; 
non alias , on no other occasion. 

Alienas, a, um } (alius). Belonging 
to another, foreign; unfavorable. 

Aliquando. At some time, once, 
formerly, finally, now at last. 

Aliquantum, adv. Somewhat, in 
some degree. 

AliquiSy qua , quody and quid, (alius, 
quis). Some one, some. 

Aliquot , indecl. pi. acfj. Several, 
some. 

Aliter, adv. (alius). Otherwise. 

AliuSy ay ud, (gen. alius, etc.) Other, 
another ; alius — alius, one — an¬ 
other : alii — alii, some—others, 
(151). 

Allia, ae, f. The river Allia, a few 
miles north of Rome, (176). 

Alloquor , loqui, cutus sum, dep. 
(ad, loquor). To speak to, ad¬ 
dress. 

Alo, ere , alui, aliturn or altum. To 
support, keep, nourish, strengthen, 
feed. 

Alpes, ium , f. The Alps, a high 
range of mountains north of 
Italy. 

Alte, iuSy issime , adv. (altus). On 
high, high. 

Altery era , erum, (gen. alterius). One 


of two, the other; alter — alter, 
the one — the other; alter as 
numeral = second. 151, 2. 

Altus, a, um. High, noble, great; 
deep, profound; altum substan¬ 
tively, the sea, the deep. 

AmabiliSy e, (amo). Lovely, amia¬ 
ble. 

AmbiOy ire , ivi or ii, itum, (amb, or 
ambi, eo). To surround, encom¬ 
pass. 295, 3. 

Ambitio, onis , f. (ambio). Can¬ 
vassing, flattery, ambition. 

Amboy ae, o. Both. 175, 2. 

Amentia, ae, f. (amens). Folly, 
want of reason. 

Amicitia , ae, f. (amicus). Friend¬ 
ship. 

Amicus, i, m. Friend. 

Amicus, a, um. Friendly, kind. 

A-mitto, ere , misi, missurn. To send 
away, to lose. 

Ammon , or Hammon , onis, m. An 
appellation of Jupiter as worship¬ 
ped in Africa, (239). 

Amnis, is, m. River. 

Amo, are, avi, dtum. To love. 

Amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, affec¬ 
tion, desire; a loved object, dar¬ 
ling. 

Amphithedtrum, i, n. Amphithe¬ 
atre, in Rome a circular or oval 
building used for public specta¬ 
cles. 

Ample, ius, issime , adv. (amplus). 
Abundantly, amply. 

Amplio, are , avi, dtum, (amplus). 
To enlarge. 

Amplius, adv. (comp, of ample). 
More, further. 

Amplus, a, um. Ample, spacious, 
large. 



144 


LATIN READER. 


[Amulius 


Amulius , ii, m. Amulius, son of 
Procas king of Alba; he was the 
brother of Numitor, (152). 

An, interrog. particle. Or, whether. 
346, H, 2. 

Anaxagoras, ae, m. Anaxagoras, a 
distinguished Greek philosopher 
of Clazomenae, (112). 

Anaxarchus , i, m. Anaxarchus, a 
philosopher of Abdera, who ac¬ 
companied Alexander into Asia. 

Anceps, ancipltis. Twofold, double. 

Anchises, ae, m. Anchises, the fa¬ 
ther of Aeneas. 50. 

Ancus, i, m.; or Ancus Martius, ii, 
m. The fourth king of Rome, 
(161). 

Angor, oris, m. Anxiety, care, an¬ 
guish. 

Angmtia, ae, f. (angustus), used 
mostly in pi. Narrow pass, diffi¬ 
culty; straits, channel. 

Augustus, a, urn. Narrow, confined, 
contracted, small. 

Anhna, ae, f. Breath, life. 

Animadverto, ere, verti, versurn (ani¬ 
mus, advcrto). To notice, observe, 
perceive. 

Animal, ulis , n. Animal. 

Animus, i, m. Mind, soul, courage. 

Anio, Anicnis, m. The Anio, a 
small river of Italy, a tributary of 
the Tiber, (173). 

Annecto, ere, nexui, nexum , (ad, nec- 
to). To tie to, annex, fasten to. 

Annulus, or anulus, i, m. Ring. 

Annus, i, m. Year. 

Annuus, a, um, (annus). Lasting a 
year, for a year, annual. 

Ante, adv., and prep, with ace. Be¬ 
fore, in respect to place or time; 
formerly. 


Antea, adv. (ante, ea). Formerly, 
hitherto. 

Ante-pono, ere, posui, positum. To 
place before; to prefer. 

Ante-quam , adv. Before, before 
that. 

Antigonus , i, m. Antigonus, king 
of Macedonia, (121). 

Aniiochia , ae, f. Antioch, the chief 
city of Syria, founded by Scleucus, 
and named by him in honor of his 
father Antiochus, (206). 

Antiochus, i , m. 1. Antiochus the 
Great, king of Syria. 2. Antio¬ 
chus, the Academic philosopher 
and teacher of Cicero, (80). 

Antipater, tri, m. Antipater, one of 
Alexander’s generals; after the 
death of Alexander he received 
the government of Greece and 
Macedonia, (241). 

Antlquus, a, um. Ancient, early. 

Antistes, itis, m. and f. President; 
priest, priestess. 

Antonius, ii, m. Antony; Marcus 
Antonius formed a triumvirate 
with Octavianus and Lepidus, 
(212). Caius Antonius was the 
colleague of Cicero in the consul¬ 
ship, (207). 

Anxietas, atis, f. Anxiety, solicitude. 

Apelles, is, m. Apelles, a distin¬ 
guished Greek painter in the time 
of Alexander the Great, (97). 

Aperte, ius, issime, adv. (apertus). 
Openly, publicly. 

Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio). Open¬ 
ed ; open, free, clear, manifest. 

Apollo, mis, m. Apollo, the god of 
divination. 

Apiparatus, us, m. Preparation, 
equipment. 



Armenia] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


145 


Apparatus, a, urn, part, (apparo). 
Prepared, ready, equipped. 

Appellatio, onis, f. (appello). Name, 
title. 

Appello, are , ay?, a/wm, (ad, pello). 
To call, name. 

Appello, ere, puli, pulsum, (ad, pello). 
To drive to, bring to, induce. 

Appeto, ere, petlvi , petltum, 

(ad, peto). To long for, strive 
after; assail: appetens, entis, de¬ 
siring, desirous of. 

Appius, ii, m. Appius, a Roman 
name. Appius Claudius , ii, m., 
one of the Decemviri, (26). 

Apprdbo, are, avi, aturn, (ad, probo). 
To approve, favor. 

Appropinquo, are, avi, aturn, (ad, 
propinquo). To approach, come 
near. 

Aplus, a, um. Fitted, adapted, suit¬ 
ed, proper. 

Apud, prep, with acc. At, near, 
among, at the house of, in the 
works of (applied to authors). 

Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a province in 
southern Italy, (204). 

Aqua, ae, f. Water. 

Aquila, ae, f. Eagle. 

Ara, ae, f. Altar. 

Arabs, abis. Arabian; subs, an 
Arabian, inhabitant of Arabia in 
Asia, (26). 

Aratrum, i, n. Plough. 

Arbcla, drum, n. Arbela, a town in 
Assyria, famous for the victory of 
Alexander over Darius, (240). 

Arbxtror, dri, dtus sum, dep. To 
think, judge, regard. 

A redo, arcere, arcui. To inclose, 
restrain, keep from. 

Ardea, ae, f. Ardea, a city of La- 


tium, a few miles south of Rome, 
(16V). 

Ardeo, ere, arsi, arsum. To be on 
fire, burn. 

Ardesco, ere, arsi: To take fire, 
kindle. 

Aresco, ere, arui. To become dry, 
to dry. 

Arethusa, ae, f. Arethusa, a cele¬ 
brated fountain in Sicily, near 
Syracuse. 

Argenteus, a, um, (argentum). Made 
of silver, of silver. 

Argentum, i, n. Silver. 

Argos, n. (only in nom. and acc.), or 
Argi, drum, m. pi. Argos, the ca¬ 
pital of the province of Argolis in 
the Peloponnesus; the name was 
often applied to the province itself 
and poetically to all Greece, (96). 

Argumentum, i, n. Argument, sign, 
mark. 

Ariminum, i, n. Ariminum, a town 
in Umbria on the Adriatic, (209). 

Ariovistus, i, m. Aribvistus, king 
of a German tribe in the time of 
Caesar, (47). 

Aristides, is, m. Aristides, an Athe¬ 
nian general and statesman, re¬ 
nowned for his integrity, (49). 

Aristobulus, i, m. A king of Judea, 
who was taken by Pompey and 
carried as prisoner to Rome, (206). 

Arisioteles, is, m. A distinguished 
philosopher, and the teacher of 
Alexander the Great, (85, 245). 

Arma, drum, n. pi. Arms, force of 
arms. 

Armatus, a, um, part. (armo). Armed. 

Armenia, ae, f. Armenia, a country 
of Asia, divided by the river Eu¬ 
phrates into two unequal parts, 



146 


LATLN READEK. 


[Armill* 


viz.: the eastern, called Armenia 
Major, and the western, called 
Armenia Minor , (205). 

Armilla, ae, f. Bracelet. 

Armo, are , awe, dtum, (arma). To 
arm. 

Arripio , ere, re/m, reptum, (ad, 
rapio). To seize upon, seize. 

Arrogans , arc&s, part, (arrogo). 
Proud, arrogant. 

Arrbgantia , ae, f. (arrogans). Ar¬ 
rogance, pride. 

Arrogo , are, awe, dtum, (ad, rogo). 
To claim, arrogate. 

.Ars, artis, f. Art, skill. 

Artaphernes , is, m. Artaphernes, 
nephew of Darius, (215). 

Artemisium, e"e, n. Artemisium, a 
promontory and town on the is¬ 
land of Euboea, (218). 

Arius , os, m.; sing. rare. Joint, limb. 

Arum, Aruntis , m. 1. Aruns, the 
brother of Tarquin the Proud, 
(39, iv.). 2. Aruns, the son of 

Tarquin, (1*70). 

Arx, arcis, f. Citadel. 

Ascanius, ii, m. Ascanius, the son 
of Aeneas, (150). 

Asia, ae, f. Asia, (16). 

Asina, ae, m. Asina, a surname of 
Cnaeus Cornelius, who was the 
colleague of Duillius in the con¬ 
sulship in the early part of the 
first Punic war, (185). 

Aspis, xdis, f. Asp. 

Asporto, are , awe, dtum, (abs, porto). 
To bear or carry away. 

Assequor, sequi, secutus sum, dep. 
(ad, sequor). To overtake, ob¬ 
tain. 

Asseveratio, Qnis, f. Declaration, 
assertion. 


Assiduus, a, um. Assiduous; fro. 
quent; continual, incessant, con. 
stant. 

Assigno, are , awe’, dtum , (ad, signo). 
Assign, bestow. 

Asto, for ad-sto. 

Astrum , e, n. Star, constellation. 

Astu, n, indec. City, generally ap¬ 
plied to Athens. 

Asylum , e, n. Asylum, place of 
refuge. 

At, conj. But, yet. 

Ater, tra, trum. Dark, black, 
gloomy. 

Athenae, drum, f. pi. Athens, the 
capital of Attica, (227). 

Atheniensis , e, adj. (Athenae). 
Athenian; subs. Atheniensis, is, 
m., an Athenian, (216). 

Atilius, ii, m. Atilius, a Roman 
name. See Regulus. 

Atque, conj. And, and also, and 
besides; atque — atque, both—and. 

Attains, i, m. Attalus, one of Phi¬ 
lip’s generals, (234). 

Attica, ae, f. An important state in 
Greece, (216). 

Attieus, a, um, (Attica). Attic, 
Athenian; subs. Attieus, i, m. 
An inhabitant or citizen of At¬ 
tica, (36). 

Attieus, i, m. Attieus, a surname of 
the Roman, Titus Pomponius, (99). 

Attingo, ere, tigi, tactum, (ad, tan¬ 
go). To attain, touch, enter upon, 
undertake, commence. 

Attius, ii, m. Attius, a Roman name, 
(89). 

Attribuo, tire, tribui, tribiitum, (ad, 
tribuo). To attribute to, ascribe 
to, to bestow, to assign, or im¬ 
pute to. 





Benevolentia] LATTN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


147 


Auctor, oris, m. (augeo). Author, 
founder, approver, adviser, au¬ 
thority. 

Auctoritas, diis, f. (auctor). Author¬ 
ity, influence. 

Audacia , as, f. (audax). Boldness, 
insolence, audacity. 

Audax, auddcis , (audeo). Bold, 
audacious, desperate. 

-4wc?so, ere, awsos m. To dare, at¬ 
tempt. 271, 3. 

Audio, ire, m or ii, ifewi. To hear, 
listen to. 

Aufugio , srs, /w#i, fugitum , (ab, 
fugio). To flee from; run away 
from. 338, 1, «5. 

Augeo , ere, aim, auctum. To en¬ 
large, increase. 

Auguror , ai*i, a/ws swm, dep. To 
augur, predict, foretell. 

Augustus, i, m. Augustus, surname 
of Octavius Caesar, the first of 
the Roman Emperors. This sur¬ 
name was also often applied to 
the Emperors generally, (213). 

Aulus , i, m. Aulus, a Roman prae- 
nomen. 

Aurarius , a, aw, (aurum). Pertain¬ 
ing to gold; auraria mctalla, 
gold mines. 

Aureus , a, itm, (aurum). Made of 
gold, golden. [driver. 

Auriga , as, m. and f. Charioteer, 

Auris, is , f. Ear. 

Aurum, i, n. Gold. 

.4w/, conj. Or; aw/—aw/, either— 
or, partly—partly. 

Autem , conj. But, moreover. 

Auxilium , ii, n. (augeo.) Aid ; jt?/wr. 
auxiliaries. 

Avaritia, ae, f. (avarus). Avarice. 

Avdrus, a, «m. Avaricious. 


Aventinus , i, m. The Aventine, one 
of the seven hills of Rome, (154). 

-4i>sr/o, £rs, uer/i, versum , (ab, verto). 
To avert, turn from, remove. 

vlinc/ws, a, m. Desirous, eager. 

-4vis, is, f. Bird. 

Avus, i, m. Grandfather. 

B. 

Babylonia , as, f. Babylonia, a prov¬ 
ince of Syria: also Babylon, the 
capital of Babylonia, (243). 

Bacchantes , iwm, pi. (bacchor). Vo¬ 
taries of Bacchus. 

Bacchor , flri, a/ws swm, dep. (Bac¬ 
chus). To celebrate the festival 
of Bacchus, to revel. Bacchans , 
aw/is, part, revelling. 

Bacchus , i, m. The god of wine, 
(19). 

Barba , as, f. Beard. 

Barbaras, a, um. Foreign, barbar¬ 
ous, rude. 

Barbaras , i, m. Foreigner, bar¬ 
barian. 

Bcdte, ius, issime, adv. (beatus). 
Happily. 

Beatus , a, wra. nappy. 

Belgae, drum. The Belgians, a war¬ 
like people in the north of Gaul, * 
(25). 

BellicOsus , a, wra, (bellum). War¬ 
like. 

i?s//o, ars, ai>i, ata, (bellum). To 
carry on war. 

Bellum, i, n. War. 

i?sws, melius, optime, adv. WelL 
305, 2. 

Beneficium, ii, n. (beneficus, from 
bene, facio). Benefit, favor, kind¬ 
ness. 

Benevolentia , as, f. (benevolens, 



148 


LATIN READER. 


[Benignb 


from bene, volo). Kindness, be¬ 
nevolence. 

Benigne, his, issime , adv. (benig- 
nus). Kindly. 

Benignus, a, um. Kind, good, be¬ 
nignant. 

Bestia, ae, f. A beast. 

Bestiola , ae, f. (bestia). A small 
animal, insect. 

Bibo, ere, bibi, bibltum. To drink. 

Bibulus, i, m. Bibulus, a Roman 
name; I/ucius Bibulus was Cae¬ 
sar’s colleague in the consulship, 
(208). 

Biduum, i, n. (biduus). A period 
of two days. 

Biduus, a, um, (bis, dies). Con¬ 
tinuing two days. 

Biennium, ii, n. (bis, annus). A 
period of two years, two years. 

Biformis, e, (bis, forma). Having 
two forms, biformed. 

Bini, ae, a, distribute. Two by two, 
two and two. 174, 2. 

Bis, adv. Twice. 

Boeotius, ii, m. (Boeotia). A Boeo¬ 
tian, inhabitant of Boeotia in cen¬ 
tral Greece, (229). 

Boletus, i, m. Mushroom. 

Bonitas, atis, f. (bonus). Goodness, 
excellence. 

Bonum, i, n. (bonus). Blessing, 
prosperity, any good; pi. bona, 
goods, property. 

Bonus, a, um; melior, optimus. 
Good, noble, brave. 165. 

Bos, Bovis, m. and f. Ox, cow. 43, 

2 ; 66 . 

Brachium, ii, n. Arm, fore-arm. 

Brevis, e. Short, brief; brevi (tem¬ 
pore), in a short time, shortly. 

Britannicus, a, um, (Britannia, 


Great Britain). British, English, 
(208). 

Britannus, i, m. (Britannia). A 
Briton, (208). 

Brutus, i, m. Brutus, a Roman 
name. Lucius Junius Brutus was 
one of the first consuls of Rome, 
(168). Marcus Junius Brutus and, 
Lecimus Junius Brutus acted 
prominent parts in the assassina¬ 
tion of Caesar, (211). 

Byzantium, ii, n. Byzantium, a 
city on the Bosphorus, now Con¬ 
stantinople. 

C. 

C. An abbreviation of Caius ; Cn. 
of Cnaeus. 

Cado, ere, cecidi, casum. To fall, 
fall in battle, perish. 

Caecus, a, um. Blind. 

Caedes, is, f. (caedo). Slaughter, 
bloodshed. 

Caedo, ere, cecidi , caesum. To cut, 
kill, slay. 

Caesar, dris, m. Caesar, a surname 
of the Julian family ; Caius Julius 
Caesar, a distinguished general 
and statesman. The title, or sur¬ 
name, Caesar, was also applied 
generally to denote the Roman 
emperors, (208). 

Caius, ii, m. Caius, a Roman name. 
See Caesar. 

Calamitas, atis, f. Loss, calamity, 
disaster. 

Collide, ius, issime, adv. (callidus). 
Shrewdly, skilfully. 

Camillus, i, m. Camillus, a distin¬ 
guished Roman general, (176). 

Campania, ae, f. Campania, a prow 
ince in Central Italy, (182). 




Castor] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


149 


Campanus , a, um, (Campania). Cam¬ 
panian, of Campania. Subs, a Cam¬ 
panian, (44, 131). 

Campus, i, m. A plain, field of 
battle. 

Candidas, cr, m White, clear, 
bright, light. 

Caninius , ii, m. Caninius, a Ro¬ 
man consul, (80). 

Cannae , drum, f. plur. Cannae, a 
village in Apulia, famous for the 
great victory of Hannibal over the 
Romans, (191). 

Cannensis, e, adj. (Cannae). Belong¬ 
ing to Cannae, of Cannae, (194). 

Cano, ere, cecini, cantum. To sing, 
sound, crow. 

Canto , are, dvi, dtum , (cano). To 
sing, play. 

Cantus , ws, m. (cano). Singing, 
song, melody. 

Capax } acts , (capio). Capacious, 
large, comprehensive, able. 

Capesso , ere, iri, Hum, (capio). To 
take, seize; fugam capessere , to 
resort to flight, betake one’s self 
to flight. 332, 4. 

Capillus , a’, m. Hair. 

Capio, ere , cejo?, captum. To take, 
take possession of, hold, receive. 

Capitdlis , e, (caput). Deadly, mor¬ 
tal, capitate crimen , a capital 
crime or offence. 

Capiiolium , w, n. Capitol. This 
term is applied sometimes to the 
temple of Jupiter, and sometimes 
to the whole Capitoline Hill, in¬ 
cluding both the temple and the 
citadel of Rome. 

Capra, ae, f. A she goat. 

Captiviias , ates, f. (captivus.) Cap¬ 
tivity, bondage. 


Captivus , a, wm, (capio). Captive, 
enslaved; substantively , a prison¬ 
er, a captive. 

Captus , a, m, part, (capio). Cap¬ 
tured, taken. 

Capua , ae, f. Capua, the chief city 
of Campania, (204). 

Caput , ?tes, n. Head, capital; capl- 
tis damnare, to condemn to 
death. 

Career, eris , m. Prison. 

Careo, ere, carwi, caritum. To be 
destitute, be free from, be with¬ 
out. 

Carmen , ims, n. A song, poem; 
poetry. 

Caro, carnis , f. Flesh. 

Carpentum , i, n. Chariot, car¬ 
riage. 

Carthago , iras, f. Carthage, an an¬ 
cient city in Northern Africa, 
(189). Carthago Nova. New 
Carthage, a town in Spain; now 
Carthagena , (194). 

Carthaginiensis , e, adj. (Carthago). 
Carthaginian; subs. Carthagini - 
ensis, is, m. a Carthaginian, (185). 
Cams , a, wm. Dear. 

Cassius , ii, m. Cassius, a Roman 

name. Lucius Cassius, one of the 

*■ ’ 

accomplices of Catiline, (97, 
15). Cams Cassius, one of the 
conspirators against Caesar, 
(213). 

Caste, iws, issime, adv. (castus). 

Virtuously, chastely. 

Castus, a, um. Chaste, pure. 
Castellum, i, n. dimin. (castrum). 

Castle, fortress. 315, 3. 

Castor, oris, m. Castor, son of Tyn- 
darus and brother of Pollux, (63, 

n 



150 


LATIN HEADER. 


(Castra 


Castra, drum, n. (pi. of castrum , a 
castle). Camp. 132. 

Casus, us, m. (cado). Fall, misfor¬ 
tune, chance, accident. 

Catilina, ae, m. Catiline. Lucius 
Sergius Catilina , the notorious 
conspirator against tho Roman 
government, (207). 

Catinensis or Catiniensis, is , m. A 
Catinean, a citizen of Catina, a 
city in Sicily, (223). 

Cato, dnis , m. Cato, the name of 
several distinguished Romans. 
The most celebrated was Marcus 
Porcius Cato, the Censor , (88,13). 

Catulus, i, m. Catulus, surname of 
Cams Lutatius, a Roman consul 
at the close of the first Punic war, 
(188). 

Caudlnus , a, urn. Caudine; i^wr- 
culae Caudlnae , the Caudine 
Forks, a narrow defile near Cau- 
dium, in Italy, (179). 

Causa, ae, f. Cause, purpose, busi¬ 
ness, suit at law. 

Causidicus, i, m. (causa, dico). 
Pleader, advocate; speaker. 

Cautes, is, f. A crag, cliff, rock. 

Caveo, ere, cdvi, cautum. To shun, 
avoid, guard against; sibi ab 
aliquo cavere, to protect one’s self 
from any one. 

Cedo, ere, cessi, cessum. To give 
place to, yield to, withdraw, de¬ 
part. 

Celeber, bris, bre. Renowned, cele¬ 
brated. 

Celebro, are, dvi, dtum, (celSber). 
To celebrate, solemnize. 

Celcr, celeris. Swift. 163,1. 

Celeritas, atis, f. (celer). Celerity, 
swiftness. 


Celeriter, ius, rime, adv. (celer). 
Swiftly, quickly. 305, 2. 

Celia, ae, f. Store - room, store¬ 
house; cella penaria, granary. 

Celo, are, dvi, dtum. To hide, con¬ 
ceal. 

Censeo, ere, censui, censum. To 
think, judge, decree. 

Censorlnus, i , m. Censorlnus, sur¬ 
name of Lucius Marcius, a Roman 
consul in tho third Punic war, 
(199). 

Census, us, m. Census. 

Centum, indec. Hundred. 

Centurio, dnis, m. (centum). Cen¬ 
turion. 

Cerno, ere, crevi, cretum. To per¬ 
ceive, see, discern. 

Certamen, Inis, n. (certo). Contest, 
game, engagement, 

Certdtim, adv. (certatus, from certo). 
Earnestly, eagerly. 

Certo, are, dvi, dtum. To fight, 
struggle, contend, endeavor. 

Certus, a, um. Sure, certain; cer- 
tiorem facere, *to inform. 

Gesso, are, dvi, dtum., (cedo). To 
cease, pause. 

Ceterus, a, um, nom. sing. m. not 
used. The other, the rest. 

Chaeronea, ae, f. Chaeronea, a town 
in Boeotia, the birth-place of Plu¬ 
tarch, (232). 

Chersonesus, i, f. The Chersonesus, 
a peninsula in Thracia, west of the 
Hellespont. 

Christianus, a, um. Christian, often 
used substantively. 

Cicatrix, Ids, f. Scar. 

Cicero, dnis, m. Cicero, the cele¬ 
brated Roman orator, (207). 

Cindnndtus, i, m. Cincinnatus, a 





COEO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


151 


renowned Roman citizen and dic¬ 
tator, (71). 

Cineas, ae, m. A friend and favorite 
minister of Pyrrhus. 

dingo , ere, cinxi, cinctum. To sur¬ 
round, encompass ; crown; invest. 

Cinna, ae, m. Cinna, a surname 
among the Romans. Lucius Cor¬ 
nelius Cinna , confederate of Ma¬ 
rius in the civil war, (203). 

Circa, prep, with acc. About, 
around, among. 

Circiter, prep, with acc. About, 
near. 

Circum = circa. 

Circum-do , dare, dedi, datum. To 
place around, surround, invest. 

Circum-eo , ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To 
go around, surround, encompass, 
295. 

Circumspicio , ere, spexi, spectum. 
(circum, specio). To look round, 
look for, seek. 

Circurn-venio , ire, veni, ventum. Tu 
come around, encompass, sur¬ 
round, circumvent, deceive. 

Cis , prep, with acc. On this side 
of, within. 

Cito, are, dvi, dtum. To excite, 
urge, hasten; citato equo, at full 
gallop or speed. 

Cito , citius, citissime , adv. (citus). 
Soon, quickly. 

Citra, adv., and prep, with acc. On 
this side. 

Citus, a, « Quick, swift, rapid. 

Civilis , e, (civis). Civil, domestic. 

CivilUas , aiis, f. (civilis). Civility, 
politeness. 

Civis, is, m. and f. Citizen. 

CivUas, dtis, f. (civis). City, state, 
citizenship. 


Glades , is, f. Loss, slaughter, de¬ 
struction, defeat. 

Clam , adv., and prep, with acc. or 
abl. Secretly, without the know¬ 
ledge of. 

Clarus, a, um. Splendid, renowned, 
illustrious, clear. 

Classiarius, ii, m. (classis). A ma¬ 
rine, pi. naval forces. 

Classis, is, f. A fleet. 

Claudius, ii, m. The fourth Roman 
emperor, (41). Appius Claudius , 
one of the decemviri, (26). 

Claudo , claudere , clausi, clausum. 
To close, shut. 

Claudus, a, um. Lame. 

Clemens , enlis. Mild, gentle, clem¬ 
ent. 

Clementia, ae, f. (clemens). Mild¬ 
ness, clemency. 

Cleopatra, ae, f. Cleopatra, queen 
of Egypt, (211). Another of the 
same name was the daughter of 
Philip of Macedon, (234). 

Clipeus, or clypeus, i, m. Shield. 

Cloaca, ae, f. Sewer, drain. 

Cnaeus, or Cneus, i, m. Cnaeus, a 
Roman name; as Cnaeus Pom- 
peius. 

Coarguo, ere, coargui, (cum, arguo). 
To arraign, accuse, indict; con¬ 
vict. 

Codes, itis, m. Codes, a Roman 
surname. Horatius Codes, a Ro¬ 
man, distinguished in the war with 
Porsena, (171). 

Coelum, i, n. The heavens, sky, 
weather. 

Coena, ae, f. Principal meal of the 
Romans, supper, dinner. 

Coeo, ire, ivi or ii, \tum, (cum, eo) 
To collect, assemble. 295. 



152 


LATIN READER. 


[Cokpi 


CoejA, isti, it, def. To begin. 297. 

Coerceo, ercere, ercui, ercltum, (cum, 
arceo). To check, confine, re¬ 
strain. 

CogUo, are , dvi, dtum. To think, 
ponder. 

Cogndtus, a, um. Related, subs, a 
relative. 

Cognitus, a, um, part, (cognosce). 
Ascertained, known. 

Cognomen, inis, n. (cum, nomen or 
gnomen). Surname. 

Cognomino, are, dvi, dtum, (cogno¬ 
men). To surname, call, name. 

Cognosco, ere, novi, nitum, (cum, 
nosco or gnosco). To ascertain, 
learn, recognize. 

Cogo, h'e, coegi, coactum. To col¬ 
lect, force, compel. 

Cohibeo, ere, ui, ilum, (cum, habeo). 
To hold, check, confine. 

Cohors, cohortis , f. Cohort, tenth 
part of a legion. 

Collatlnus , i, m. Collatinus, sur¬ 
name of Tarquinius, the colleague 
of Brutus in the consulship, 
(169). 

Collega , ae, m. Colleague. 

Colllgo, ere, legi, ledum , (cum, lego). 
To collect, bring together. 

Colloco, are , dvi, dtum, (cum, loco). 
To place, set, erect; to give in 
marriage. 

Colloquium, ii, n. (colloquor). Con¬ 
versation, interview. 

Colloquor,. loqui, locutus sum, dep. 
(cum, loquor). To converse, talk 
with. 

Collum, i, n. Neck. 

Colo, ere, colui, cultum. To culti¬ 
vate; honor, worship, 

Color, oris, m. Color, complexion. 


Comburo, £re, bussi, bustum, (cum, 
buro = uro, lo burn). To bum, 
consume. 

Comes, itis, m. and f. Companion. 

Comissatio, onis, f. Revelling. 

Commedtus, us, m. Supplies. 

Commemoro, are, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
memoro). To recall, remember, 
commemorate, mention. 

Commentor, dri, dtus sum, dep. To 
meditate, muse upon, consider, 
think, devise, invent. 

Commigro, are, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
migro). To migrate. 

Comminuo, ere, minui, minutum, 
(cum, minuo). To dash in pieces, 
crush ; lessen; weaken. 

Committo, ere, misi, missum, (cum, 
mitto). To bring together, unite, 
intrust, commit; pugnam commit - 
tere, to engage in battle. 

Commodum, i, n. Advantage, bene¬ 
fit. 

Commodus, a, um, (cum, modus). 
Suitable, fit, proper, convenient. 

Commonefacio, ere, fed, fadum, 
(cum, moneo, facio). To put in 
mind, remind, impress earnestly. 

Commoror, dri, dtus sum, (cum, mo- 
ror). To tarry, delay. 

Commoveo , ere, movi, motum, (cum, 
moveo). To move, excite. 

Communis , e. Common. 

Commumter, adv. (communis). In 
common, conjointly. 

Commutatio, onis, f. Change. 

Comparo, are, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
paro). To prepare, make, pro* 
cure, compare. 

Compello, are , dvi , dtum, (cum, pel- 
lo). To address, call. 

Compello , h'e, puli, pulsum, (cum, 



CoJfGRESSIoJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


153 


pello). To thrust together, to 
force, compel, impel. 

Compensation dnis, f. Compensa¬ 
tion, exchange, barter. 

Comperio , ire , peri, pei'tum. To 
find, find out. 

Compes, edis, f. (cum, pes). Fetter, 
chain. 

Compesco, ere , cui. To confine, 
check. 

Complector , ti, plexus sum , (cum, 
plector). To embrace, encompass. 

Compleo, ere , m, eta, (cum, pleo). 
To fill, complete. 

Complures, a . More than one; 

several, very many. 

Compono, ere, posui, posltum, (cum, 
pono). To settle, adjust, adapt, 
compose. 

Comporto, are, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
porto). To carry, bear, collect. 

Compos, otis, (cum, potis). Having 
the mastery or control over any¬ 
thing ; sharing in, partaking of. 

Comprehendo , ere, di, sum , (cum, 
prehendo). To seize, arrest, com¬ 
prehend. 

Concedo, ere , cessi, cessum , (cum, 
cedo). To concede, grant; to de¬ 
part, withdraw ; yms. impers., it 
is conceded. 

Concldo, ere, cidi , (cum, cado). To 
fall, perish. 

Concilio , are, are, dtum, (concilium). 
To unite, conciliate, procure, win. 

Concilium , w, n. Council, meeting. 

Condo, onis, f. Public assembly. 

ConcitOy are , <5re, afoem, (cum, cito). 
To raise; excite, excite rebellion. 

Concordia , ae, f. (concors, harmo¬ 
nious). Concord, harmony. 

ConcurrOy ere, curd ( cucurri ), ceer- 


swm, (cum, curro). To meet, as< 
semble; engage, fight; rush to. 

Conditio, dnis , f. (condo). Condition, 
terms. 

Condo , ere, c?ee?i, ditum, (cum, do). 
To found; conceal, hide; place, 
bury. 

Conduco, ere , duxi, ductum, (cum, 
duco). Tt> conduct, collect; hire, 
contract for. 

ConferOy conferre , contuli , collar 
turn, (cum, fero). To collect, 
confer, compare; engage battle ; 
se conferre , to betake one’s self. 

Confestim , adv. Immediately. 

ConficiOy ere , /eei, fectum, (cum, 
facio). To finish, accomplish, 
make, produce, wear out. 

Confldoy ere, fisus sum, (cum, fido). 
To trust, confide in. 

Conflgo, ere, fixi, fixum, (cum, figo.) 
To transfix, fasten together. 

ConfingOy ere, finxi, fictum, (cum, 
fingo). To form, feign, pretend. 

Confirmo, are, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
firmo). To make firm, strength¬ 
en ; encourage; corroborate. 

Conflsus, a, um, part, (confido). 
Trusting, relying upon. 

Conflgo, ere, fixi, fictum, (cum, 
fligo). To engage, fight. 

Confodio, ere, fodi, fossum, (cum, 
fodio). To pierce, wound. 

Confugio, ere, fugi, fugitum, (cum, 
fugio). To flee for refuge. 

Congredior, gredi, gressus sum, dep. 
(cum, gradior). To encounter, 
fight. 

CongrSgo, dre, dvi, dtum, (cum, 
grego). To collect, congregate. 

Congressio, dnis, f. (congredior). 
Engagement, battle. 





154 


LATIN KEADEK. 


[CONJICIG 


Conjicio, ere , jeci, jectum, (cum, 
jacio). To discharge, hurl, throw, 
drive. 

Conjungo, ere, junxi, junctum, (cum, 
jungo). To join, combine. 

Conjuratio , ora's, f. (conjuro). Con¬ 
spiracy. 

Conjuratus, a, um, part, (conjuro). 
Having conspired. 

Conjuro, are , dz>£, dtum, (cum, 
juro). To conspire. 

Conjux, ugis, m. and f. (conjungo). 
Husband, wife. 

Conon, onis , m. Conon, a cele¬ 
brated Athenian general, (39, 
111 ). 

Conor , dn, d£ws swm, dep. To en¬ 
deavor, attempt. 

Conscendo, ere, scendi, scensum , 
(cum, scando). To ascend, em¬ 
bark. 

Conscius , «, wra. Privy to; con¬ 
scious of; sw6s. accomplice, confi¬ 
dant. 

Conscrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum 
(cum, scribo). To summon; to 
enrol, arrange, order; compose. 

Conscriptus, a, «m, part, (conseribo). 
Enrolled, assembled. Patres con- 
scripti , conscript fathers, i. e. sen¬ 
ators. 

Comecro, are , dr 2 , dtum (cum, sa- 
cro). To consecrate. 

Comector, ari, atm sum, dep. (cum, 
sector). To follow, pursue. 

ConsenescOy ere, senui (cum, senesco). 
To grow old. 

Consequor , se^ra, secutus sum, (cum, 
sequor). To succeed, follow, pur¬ 
sue ; secure, obtain. 

Consero, ere, ui, turn, (cum, sero). 
To join together; manum or pug- 


nam corner ere, to join battle, en¬ 
gage in battle. 

Comervo, are, avi, dtum, (cum, ser¬ 
vo). To preserve, watch over, 
rescue. 

Comidero, are, avi, dtum. To in¬ 
spect, examine. 

Comldoy ere, sedi, sessum, (cum, sido). 
To encamp, settle. 

Comilium , ii, n. Counsel, advice, 
wisdom, intention, design, council. 

Comisto, ere, stiti, stitum , (cum, 
sisto). To place or station one’s 
self, to stand. 

Comolor, ari, atus sum, dep. (cum, 
solor). To comfort, console. 

Compectus, us, m. (conspicio). 
Sight, presence. 

Compicio , ere, spexi, spedum, (cum, 
specio). To see, observe. 

Compicor, ari, dtus sum, dep. (con- 
spicio). To behold, see. 

Conspiralio, onis, f. (consplro). 
Union, conspiracy. 

Constanter , ius, issime, adv. (consto). 
Consistently. 

Constantia, ae, f. (consto). Con¬ 
stancy, firmness. 

Comtat, impers,(consto). It is known, 
is an admitted fact. 

Constituo, ere, ui, utum., (cum, sta- 
tuo). To constitute; build, erect; 
station, place; appoint, arrange, 
manage. 

Comto, are, stiti, stdtum, (cum, sto). 
To stand together, halt. 

Consucsco, ere, evi, etum, (cum, su- 
esco). To be accustomed. 

Comuetudo, mis , f. (consueseo). 
Custom, usage, habit. 

Consul, ulis, m. (consulol. Consul, 
Roman chief magistrate. 



COBIOLANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


155 


Considaris, e. Consular; subs, one 
who has been consul, one of con¬ 
sular rank. 

Consulatus, us , m. (consul). Con¬ 
sulship. 

Consulo, ere, sului, sullum. To con¬ 
sult, consider; with dat. to consult 
for one’s good. 

ConsummOy are, dvi, atum. To fin¬ 
ish, accomplish, complete. 

ConsumOy ere, sumpsiy sumpium., 
(cum, sumo). To consume, wear 
out, waste, use, employ. 

ContegOy ere , texiy teclum } (cum, tego). 
To cover. 

ContemnOy ere, tempsiy temptum } ( cum, 
temno). To contemn, despise, dis¬ 
regard. 

Contemptus, us, m. (contemno). Con¬ 
tempt, scorn, disregard. 

Contendo, ere, tendi , tentum , (cum, 
tendo). To contend, strive, at¬ 
tempt, labor; betake one’s self, go. 

Contentio, dnis, f. (contendo). Ef¬ 
fort, contest, struggle, exertion. 

Contentus, a, um. . Content, con¬ 
tented. 

Contmens, entis , (contmeo). Ad¬ 
joining, continuous; subs. f. con¬ 
tinent. 

Continentia , ae, f. (contineo). For¬ 
bearance, self-control. 

Contineo , ere, tinui , tentum , (cum, 
teneo). To hold, keep, check. 

Continuo, are , dvi, atum, (contin- 
uus). To connect, unite, con¬ 
tinue. 

Contra , adv., and prep, with acc. 
Against, opposite to, contrary to; 
on the contrary. 

Contra-dico, 8re, dixi , dictum. To 
contradict, object to. 

H 


Contraho, ere , traxi, tractum , (cum, 
traho). To collect, incur, contract. 

Contrarius, a, um, (contra). Con¬ 
trary to, opposite. 

Contrucido, are , dvi, alum , (cum, 
trucido). To slay, kill, mangle. 

Contueor , tueri , tuitus sum , dep. 
(cum, tueor). To survey, look 
upon, behold; consider, ponder. 

Convalesco, ere , lui, (cum, valesco). 
To gain strength, recover. 

Conveniens , entis , (convenio). Be¬ 
coming, fit, proper. 

Convenienter , ius. issime, adv. (con¬ 
venio). Fitly, suitably, agreeably, 
consistently. 

Convenio , ire , veni, ventum , (cum, 
venio). To convene, assemble, 
meet, agree, harmonize, befit. 

Converto, ere , versum, (cum, 

verto). To turn, change, alter, 

convert. 

Convinco, tire, vici , victum , (cum, 

vinco). To conquer, convict. 

Convivium , ii, n. Feast, banquet. 

Convoco, are, dvi, atum , (cum, voco). 
To assemble, call together. 

Copia, ae, f. Abundance, supply, 
ability, power; forces, stores, 

supplies. 

Cor am, adv., and prep, with abl. In 
the presence of, before. 

Corinthus, i, f. Corinth, a city of 
Achaia, (162). 

Corinthius, a, um, (Corinthus). Co¬ 
rinthian-, subs. Corinthius , ii, m. a 
Corinthian, (45). 

Corioldnus, i, m. Coriolanus, a sur¬ 
name given to Caius Marcius , de¬ 
rived from Coridli, the name of a 
town which he had taken in war, 
(174). 





156 


LATIN READER. 


[CORIOLI 


Corioli, drum, m. pi. Corioii, a 
town in Latium, (174). 

Cornelia, ae, f. Cornelia, the mo¬ 
ther of the Gracchi, (131). 

Cornelius, ii, m. Cornelius, the name 
of a distinguished Homan gens, 
including the Scipios ; as, Publius 
Cornelius Scipio, (190, 194). 

Cornelius , a, um. Belonging to the 
Cornelian family, (120). 

Cornu, us, n. Horn,-wing of an 
army. 

Corona, ae, f. Garland, crown. 

Corpus, oris, n. Body, community. 

Corrigo, ere, rexi, rectum, (cum, 
rego). To reform, correct. 

Corripio, #re, ripui, reptum, (cum, 
rapio). To seize, lay hold of. 

Corrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, (cum, 
rumpo). To corrupt, bribe, seduce. 

Crassus, i, m. Crassus, a Roman 
name, (93). Marcus Licinius 
Crassus, a Roman general, (204). 

Creber, bra, brum. Frequent, nu¬ 
merous. 

Credo, ere, credidi, creditum. To 
trust, believe. 

CremSra, ae, f. The Cremera, a 
river of Etruria, in Italy, (175). 

Creo, are, dvi, atum . To appoint, 
elect, make. 

Cresco, h'e, crevi, cretum. To grow, 
increase. 

Crimen, Inis, n. Crime, accusa¬ 
tion. 

Crirriinor, ari, dtus sum, dcp. (cri¬ 
men). To accuse. 

Crinis, is, m. Hair. 

Critias, ae, m. Critias, one of the 
thirty tyrants at Athens, (228). 

Crixus, i, m. Crixus, a leader in 
the war of the gladiators,. (204). 


Crucio, are, &vi, atum, (crux). To 
pain, afflict, torture. 

Crudelis, e. Cruel. 

Crudelltas, atis , f. (crudelis). Cru¬ 
elty. 

Crudeliter, ius, issime , adv. (crud& 
lis). Cruelly. 

CubUum, i, n. The elbow, a cubit. 

Culpa, ae, f. Fault, blame. 

Cultura, ae, f. (colo). Agriculture, 
cultivation. 

Cultus, us, m. Culture, necessaries, 
as food, clothing, etc. 

Cum, prep, with abl s With. 

Cum, conj. = quum. 

Cumae, arum, f. Cumae, an ancient 
city and colony in Campania, on 
the sea-coast, renowned for its 
Sibyl, (49, 1). 

Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor). De¬ 
lay. 

Cunctor, ari, dtus sum. To delay, 
hesitate. 

Cunctus, a, um. All, all together, 
entire. 

Cupide, ius, issime, adv. (cupidus). 
Eagerly. , 

Cupiditas, dtis, f. (cupidus). Desire, 
wish. 

Cupidus, a, um, (cupio). Desirous, 
having desires, avaricious, covet¬ 
ous, fond of. 

Cupio, ere, Ivi or ii, Hum. To do- 
sire. 

Cur, adv. Why, wherefore. 

Cura, ae, f. Care, management, 
anxiety. 

Cures, ium, f. pi. Cures, the an¬ 
cient capital of the Sabines, 
(159). 

Curia, ae, f. Senate-house; ward. 

Curiatii, drum, m. pi. The Curiatii, 





Dedo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


157 


three brothers who were selected 
from the Alban army to engage 
iD combat with the three Horatii, 
also brothers, from the Koreans, 
(160). See note on “ Horatidrum 
et Curiatiorum ,” (160). 

Curius, ii, m. Curius, a Roman 
name, (27). 

Curo, are, dvi, alum. To care for,. 
take care of. 

Curro, Sre, cucurri , cursum. To 
run. 

Currus, us, m. (curro). Chariot. 

Cursor, oris , m. Cursor, surname 
of Lucius Papirius , dictator in 
the Samnite war, (178). 

Cursus, us, m. (curro). Course. 

Custodia, ae, f. Care, charge of, 
custody, confinement. 

Custodio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum, (custos). 
To guard, preserve, watch. 

Custos, odis, m. and f. Guard, 
keeper. 

Cynxcus, i, m. A Cynic philosopher, 
a Cynic. 

Cynoscephalae, arum , f. pi. Cynos- 
cephalae, “Dogs’ Heads,” two 
hills in Thessaly, (19Y). 

Cyprus, i, f. Cyprus, an island in 
the Mediterranean sea, near Asia 
Minor, (27, 11). 

Cyrus, i, m. The name of two emi¬ 
nent Persian princes ; Cyrus, the 
Great , the founder of the Persian 
empire, (13), and Cyrus, the son 
of Darius, (225). 

D. 

Damnatio, Cinis, f. Condemnation. 

Damno, are, dvi , dtum, (damnum). 
To condemn; capitis damnare, to 
condemn to death. 


Damnu , i, n. Loss, damage. 

Darius, ii, m. Darius, a celebrated 
•king of Persia, (215). 

Dalis, is, m. Datis, one of the gen¬ 
erals of Darius, (215). 

De, prep, with abl. From, of, con¬ 
cerning, on the subject of, over. 

Debeo, ere , ui, itum. To owe, 
ought. 

Debeor, eri, deblius sum, dep. To 
be due, belong. 

DebilUo, are, dvi , dtum. To weak¬ 
en, disable. 

De-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum. To de¬ 
part, withdraw, die. 

Decern, indecl. Ten. 

Decemplcx, ids, (decern, plico, to 
fold). Tenfold. 

Decem-vir, viri, m. A decemvir. 

De-cerno, ere, crevi, cretum. To de¬ 
cide; contend, fight; decree, in¬ 
trust by decree. 

Decet, decuit, impers. It is seemly, 
becoming, becomes. 

Decldo, ere, cidi, clsum, (de, caedo). 
To cut off; decide, determine. 

Decimus, a, um, (decern). Tenth. 

Dedpio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (de, capio). 
To deceive. 

De-claro, are, dvi, dtum. To make 
clear, manifest; declare, pro¬ 
nounce. 

Decretum, i, n. (decerno). Decree. 

Decus, oris, n. Ornament, honor. 

De-decus, 5ris, n. Disgrace. 

Dedicatio, onis, f. (dedico). Dedica¬ 
tion. 

Dedico,- dre, dvi , dtum, (de, dico). 
To dedicate. 

Deditio, onis, f. (dedo). Surren¬ 
der. 

De-do, lire, dldi, ditum. To surren- 


8 



158 


LATIN LEADER. 


[Deduco 


der; devote one’s self to, give 
one’s self up to. 

De-duco, h'e, duxi, ductum. To bring 
down, conduct; remove; lead. 

De-fatigo, are, avi, alum. To weary, 
fatigue. 

Defectio , ora's, f. (deficio). Failure, 
eclipse, defection. 

Defendo, Ire, fendi, fensum. To 
defend, ward off. 

DefiSro, ferre, tuli, latum. To offer, 
exhibit, bestow, present: carry or 
bear away. 

Deficio, dre, feci, fectum y (de, facio). 
To fail, spend itself; be eclipsed; 
desert, revolt. 

Defidgro, dre y avi, atum. To burn, 
burn down, consume, destroy. 

Deformis , e y (de, forma). Deformed, 
ugly. 

De-fungor y gi,functus sum. To dis¬ 
charge, execute; die. 

De-glubo, ere, —, gluptum. To flay, 
to skin. 

Dein or delude , adv. Then, after¬ 
wards. 

Deiotdrus , i, m. Deiotarus, a king 
of Galatia, (206). 

Dejicio, ere, jeci, jedum, (de, jacio) 
To throw down, overthrow, slay. 

De-lecto, are, avi, atum. To allure ; 
to delight, please. 

Delectus , a, um, (deligo). Chosen. 

Deleo, ere, evi, etum. To destroy, 
efface, put an end to. 

De-libero, are, avi, atum. To de¬ 
liberate. 

Deliciae, drum, f. pi. Delights, 
pleasures; delight, darling, be¬ 
loved. 

Deligo, Ire, legi, ledum,, (de, lego). 
To choose, select; love. 


Delirium, ii y n. Madness, dotage, 
instances of it. 

Delos or Delus, i, f. Delos, a 
small island in the Aegean sea, 
(27, 10). 

Delphi, drum, m. pi. Delphi, a 
town of Phocis, celebrated for the 
temple and oracle of Apollo, 

• ( 217 ). 

Demaratus, i, m. Dcmaratus, the 
father of Tarquinius Priscus, 
(162). 

De-mergo, ere, mersi , mersum. To 
plunge in, bury in, sink. 

De-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To let 
down, drop, send away, send. 

Democritus, i, m. Democritus, a 
celebrated Grecian philosopher, 
(91). 

Demorior , mori, mortuus sum, (de, 
morior). To die. 

Demosthenes, is, in. Demosthenes, 
the most celebrated of the Gre¬ 
cian orators, (92, 7). 

Demum, adv. At length, finally. 

Denanus, ii, m. Denarius, a Ko- 
man silver coin, worth about six¬ 
teen cents. 

Deni, ae, a. Ten by ten, ten at a 
time. 

Denique, adv. Finally. 

Dens, dentis, m. A tooth. 

De-nudo, are, avi , atum. To make 
naked, strip. 

Denuntiatio, onis, f. (denuntio). De¬ 
nunciation, warning. 

De nuntio, are, avi, atum. To de¬ 
clare, denounce. 

Denuo, adv. Again, afresh. 

De-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To drive 
away, expel. 

De-pono , ere, posui, posltum. To 



Diqnus 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


159 


lay down or aside, deposit, de¬ 
pose. 

De-populor , ari, dtus sum. To pil¬ 
lage, depopulate. 

De-porto , are , cm’, atum. To carry 
off or away. 

Depraedor, an, a/as sam, (de, prae- 
dor). To ravage, plunder. 

Deprehendo, ere , c/i, stun, (de, pre- 
hendo). To seize, catch, detect, 
surprise. 

De-pugno, are , an, ate. To fight. 

Derelictio , owes, f. (de, relinquo). 
Neglect, disregard. 

De-scribo, ere , scrips!, scriptum. To 
describe ; impose; assess ; desig¬ 
nate; divide. 

DesSro , #re, sertu, sertum , (de, sero). 
To abandon, desert. 

De-sidero, are , avi, atum. To long 
for, wish, desire earnestly. 

Desilio, ire, silui, sultum , (de, salio). 
To alight, dismount. 

Desino , ere, sin or sn, sXtum, (de, 
sino). To cease, desist. 

Desipio, ere, (de, sapio). To be 
void of understanding, be foolish, 
be delirious. 

De-sisto, £re, s/c/t, sfitum. To de¬ 
sist, leave off. 

Desperatio , oms, f. (despero). De¬ 
spair, desperation. 

De-spero , are, an, atum. To de¬ 
spair. 

Despicio, ere, spexi, spectum , (de, 
specio). To despise, disregard. 

Desfi.no, are , an, atum. To destine, 
appoint, design. 

De-sum, esse,fui. To fail, be wanting. 

De-terreo , ere, m, To deter. 

Detineo , ere, Amu, tentum , (de, te- 
neo). To detain, hinder. 


Detraho , £re, /raxt, tracium , (de, 
traho). To draw or take away or 
from, detract. 

Detrimentum , i, n. Loss, damage, 
detriment, harm. 

Dews, t, m. God, deity. See 51, 5. 

De-vaslo , are, —, a/wm. To devastate, 
pillage. 

De-venio , ire, rent, ventum. To come 
down, arrive, reach. 

De-vinco , ere, vici, vidum. To con¬ 
quer. 

Dexter , Zra, /rant. Right, on the 
right hand. 

Dextra , ae, f. The right hand. 

Dt. See Dts. 

Diadema , a/ts, n. Diadem. 

Diagoras , ae, m. Diagoras, a Rho¬ 
dian athlete, who distinguished 
himself in the Olympic games, 
(143). 

Diana , ae, f. The goddess Diana, 
the daughter of Jupiter and La- 
tona, and sister of Apollo, (97). 

Zb’co, ere, c/m, dictum. To say, call. 

Dictator , or/s, m. (dico). Dictator, 
an officer appointed by the Romans 
in times of great danger. 

Dido , as, or onts, f. Dido, the foun¬ 
dress of Carthage, daughter of 
Belus, (44, III.) 

Dtes, et, m. and f. Day. 

Difficile , tws, Zime, adv. (difficilis). 
With difficulty. 

Difficilis , e, (dis, facilis). Difficult. 
163, 2. 

Digitus, i, m. Finger. 

Digmtas , a/t's, f. (dignus). Dignity, 
rank, office. 

Dignor , art, a/ws sam, (dignus). To 
deem worthy, deign. 

Dignus , a tun. Worthy. 




1G0 


LATES KEADEIi. 


[Dilabob 


Vi-labor, Idbi, lapsus sum , dep. To 
fall asunder, go to pieces; flee; 
scatter, disperse. 

Vildtio , *mis , f. Delay, delaying. 

Diligens, entis , (dillgo). Fond of, 
mindful, diligent, observant. 

Diligenter, ins , issime , adv. (diligens). 
Carefully, diligently, earnestly. 

Diligentia , a<?, f. (diligens). Dili¬ 
gence. 

Dillgo, ere, lexi, leclum, (dis, lego). 
To choose, love. 

Dirnico, are, dvi, alum , (dis, di, 
mico). To encounter, fight. 

Di-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To dis¬ 
miss, let go. 

Diogenes, is, m. Diogenes, the noted 
Cynic philosopher of Greece, (135). 

Dion, onis, m. Dion, brother-in-law 
of the tyrant Dionysius of Syra¬ 
cuse, (31). 

Dionysius, ii, m. Dionysius, tyrant 
of Syracuse, (26). 

Diripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (dis, di, 
rapio). To lay waste, pillage. 

Diruo, ere, dirui, dirulum, (dis, di, 
ruo). To destroy, demolish. 

Dis, or di, insep. prep. Asunder, 
not. 

Vis-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum. To de¬ 
part, retire from. 

Visceptatio, onis, f. Debate, quarrel. 

Disciplina, ae, f. Discipline, in¬ 
struction. 

Piscipulus, i, m. (disco). A learner, 

l scholar, disciple. / 

Disco, tire, didici. To learn. 

Discordia, ae, f. Strife, discord. 

Viscordo, are, dvi, alum, (discors, 
discordant ). To differ, be at va¬ 
riance, disagree. 

Discrimcn, inis, n. Danger, crisis. 


Dis-curro, &re, curri, cursum. To 
run different ways, run about, 
separate. 

Dispergo, ere, spersi, spcrsum, (dis, 
di, spargo). To scatter, disperse. 

Displiceo, ere, plicui, plicttum, (dis, 
placeo). To displease. 

Dis-puto, are, dvi, dtum. To com¬ 
pute, estimate; examine, investi¬ 
gate, discuss. 

Dis-scro, ere, serui, sertum. To ex¬ 
amine, argue, discuss. 

Dissidium, ii, n. Dissension. 

Dis-similis, e. Unlike, dissimilar. 

Dissimulo, are, dvi, dtum. To dis¬ 
semble, conceal, omit. 

Dis-sipo, are, dvi , dtum. To dissi¬ 
pate, scatter. 

Dis-solvo, ere, solvi, solutum. To de¬ 
stroy, abolish, dissolve. 

Dis-tribuo, ere, tribui, tributum. To 
distribute. 

Distridus, a, um, (distringo). Busy, 
occupied with. 

Distringo, ere, strinxi, striclum, (di, 
stringo). To occupy, engage at 
tention. 

Ditio, onis, f. Rule, sway. 

Did, diutius, diutissime, adv. Long, 
for a long time. 

Diutmus, a, um, (diu). Of long du¬ 
ration, lasting. 

Diuturnitas, dtis, f. (diutumus). 
Long time. 

Diversus, a, um. Diverse, unlike, 
opposite. 

Dives, itis. Rich. 

Divico, onis, m. Divico, a distin¬ 
guished Helvetian general, (85,5). 

Divido, ere, divisi , divisum. To dv 
vide, allot. 

Divinus, a, um. Divine. 



Edo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


161 


Divitlae, arum, f. (dives). Riches, 
wealth. 

Divus, a, um. Divine; subs, god, 
goddess. 

Do, dare, dedi , datum. To give, 
grant, impute, allow. 

Doceo , ere, m, te. To teach. 

Dodrina , ae, f. Instruction, learn- 

| ing, erudition, doctrine. 

Doctiis, a , wm, (doceo). Learned, 
skilled. 

Documentum, i, n. Lesson, proof, 
specimen, mark. 

Dolabella , ae, m. Dolabella, a Ro¬ 
man name. Publius Cornelius 
Dolabella , son-in-law of Cicero, 
( 122 ). 

Dolco , ere, we, etam. To grieve. 

Dolor, oris , m. (doleo). Pain, grief. 

Dolus, i, m. Artifice, deceit. 

Domesticus, a, um, (domus). Domes¬ 
tic, private, personal. 

Domicilium, ii, n. (domus). Habi¬ 
tation, abode. 

Dommatio, onis. Rule, tyranny. 

Dominatus, us, m. Rule, sove¬ 
reignty. 

Dominus, i, m. Master, owner. 

Domo, are, ui, itum. To subdue. 

Domus, us or i, f. House, home; 
domi, at home. 

Donee, conj. Until. 

Dono, are, avi, alum, (donum). To 
give, present with. 

Donum, i, n. (do). Present, gift. 

Dormio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To 
sleep, slumber, rest. 

Dos, dolis, f. Gift, dowry. 

Drusus, i, m. Drusus, son of the 
Emperor Tiberius, (146). 

Dubitatio, onis, f. (dubito). Doubt, 
hesitation. 


Dubito, are, avi, atum. To doubt 
hesitate. 

Dubius, a, um. Doubtful; neut. of 
ten subs, doubt. 

Ducenti, ae, a. Two hundred. 

Duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead, 
conduct; until uxorem, to marry. 

Duillius, ii, m. Duillius, a Roman 
name. Cairn Duillius, a Roman 
commander and consul in the first 
Punic war, (185). 

Dulcis, e. Sweet, pleasant, agreeable. 

Dum, conj. While, until, provided. 

Dum-modo, conj. So long as, pro¬ 
vided that. 

Duo, ae, o. Two, both. 175. 

Duodecim, indec. (duo, decern). 
Twelve. 

Duodecimus, a, um, (duodecim). 
Twelfth. 

Duodequadragcsimus, a, um. Thirty- 
eighth. 

Duo-de-viginti, indec. Eighteen: 

Duplex, ids. Double. 

Duplico, are, avi, atum, (duplex). 
To double, increase, 

Duritia, ae, f. (durus). Hardiness, 
austerity, rigid temperance, hard¬ 
ship. 

Durus, a, um. Hard, harsh, rude. 

Dux, ducis, m. and f. (duco). 
Leader, guide, general. 

E 

E or ex, prep, with abl. From, out 
of, of. 

Ebrietas, ads, f. Drunkenness. 

E-disco, $re, didici. To learn by 
heart, commit to memory. 

Edo, edere, edidi, editum. To set 
forth, publish; do, perform, make, 
utter. 



162 


LATIN READER. 


[Edoceg 


E-doceo, ere, docui, doctum. To 
teach one thoroughly, inform, in¬ 
struct. 

E-daco, ere , dfim, duclum. To lead 
out or forth. 

Effero , are, ari, a£wm. To enrage, 
madden, render unmanageable. 

Effero, ferre, extuli, datum, (ex, 
fero). To bring forth, carry forth 
or out; elate. 

Efficio , ere, feci,fedum , (ex, facio). 
To effect, occasion, accomplish, 
make, render. 

Effluo , ere, jtfzm’, Jluxum , (ex, fluo). 
To flow out, pass away, disappear. 

Effugio , ere, fugitum , (ex, fu- 

gio). To flee, escape from, escape. 

Effundo, ere, fudi, fusum, (ex, fun- 
do). To pour out, pour ; indulge 
in; squander, waste. 

2%rco, e^ere, egui. To need, to want, 
require, to be without. 

Egeria, ae, f. Egeria, a prophetic 
nymph from whom Numa pro¬ 
fessed to receive instructions, 
(159). 

Ego, mei, I. Egomet , I myself. 
184, 6. 

Egredior, egrcdi, egressus sum, dep. 
(e, gradior). To go or come out, 
to go forth, to go, to run away. 

Egregie, adv. (egregius). Excel¬ 
lently, remarkably. 

Egregius, a, um. Excellent, dis¬ 
tinguished. 

Ejicio, ere, ejeci, ejedurn, (e, jacio). 
To throw or drive out, expel; 
reject. 

E-labor, elabi, elapsus sum, dep. To 
slip away, get off, escape. 

E-lab dr o, are, avi, dtum. To labor, 

- exert one’s self. 


Elegantia, ae, f. Elegance, taste, 
propriety. 

Elementa, drum, n. pi. The first 
principles, rudiments, elements. 

Elephantus, i, m. Elephant. 

Eligo, ere, elegi, electum, (e, lego). 
To choose, elect. 

Eloquens, ends, (eloquor). Eloquent. 

Eloquenter, ius, issime, adv. (elo¬ 
quens). Eloquently. 

Eloquentia, ae, f. Eloquence. 

E-loquor, loqui, loculus sum, dep. 
To speak out, utter, declare, tell. 

Emax, acis, (emo). Eager to buy, 
fond of buying. 

E-mcrgo, ere, mersi, mersum. To 
emerge, come to light, rise in im¬ 
portance. 

Eminentia, ae, f. Eminence, ex¬ 
cellence. 

Emineo, ere, ui. To stand out, be 
prominent or conspicuous. 

Emitto, ere, mtsi, missum. To send 
forth or away; let go. 

Emo,-ere, emi, emptum. To buy, 
purchase. 

Emolumentum, i, n. Effort, exer¬ 
tion ; gain, profit, advantage. 

Enim, conj. For, indeed. 

Eniteo, ere, nitui. To shine forth; 
be distinguished. 

Ennius, ii, n. Ennius, a celebrated 
Roman poet, (120). 

Eo, adv. Thither; therefore; eo 
usque, so far, to such an extent. 

Eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, ilum. To go; 
walk, sail, ride, pass. 295. 

Eodem, adv. (idem). To the same 
place. 

Epaminondas, o.e, m. Epaminondas, 
a celebrated Theban general, 
(92, 5). 



ExcbdoJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


1G3 


Ephesius , a, ton. Ephesian, relating 
to Ephesus, of Ephesus, bom at 
Ephesus, (97). 

Epigramma, dtis, n. Inscription, 
epigram. 68, 2. 

Epirus , t, f. Epirus, a province in 
the north of Greece, (180). 

Epistula , ae, f. A letter, epistle. 

Epulae , drum, f. pi. Food, banquet, 
feast. 

Epulor, ari, atus sum , (epulae). To 
feast. 

Eques, itis, m. (equus). Horseman. 
Pi. cavalry. 

Equester, iris, tre , (eques). Eques¬ 
trian. 

Equidem , conj. Indeed, truly, by 
all means. 

Equitdtus , ws, m. Cavalry. 

Equus, i, m. Horse: ez from 
a horse, on horseback. 

Eretria, ae, f. Eretria, an impor¬ 
tant citv on the island of Euboea, 
(16). 

Erga, prep, with acc. Towards. 

Ergo , adv. Therefore ; os sw6s. a6£. 
on account of, for, with gen. 

Erl go, ere, erexi, erectum , (e, rego). 
To raise up, animate. 

Eripio, ere, eripui, erepium , (e, ra- 
pio). To snatch or take away. 

Error, oris, m. Error, deception. 

Erudio, ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To in¬ 
struct, refine, discipline. 

Erudltus, a, um, part, (erudio). 
Learned, instructed in. 

E-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To 
break forth, rush forth. 

Eruo, ere, erui, erutum, (e, ruo). To 
root out, destroy. 

Esca, ae, f. Food, bait. 

Et, conj. And; et — et, both—and. 


Et-enim , conj. For, truly, because 
that, since. 

Etiam. Also, even. 

Etiam-si, Even if, although. 

Etiam-tum, conj. Even then, till 
then, still. 

Etruria, ae, f. Etruria, a country 
of Central Italy; Tuscany, (190). 

Etruscus, i , m. An Etruscan, inha¬ 
bitant of Etruria, (171). 

Et-si. Even if, although, though. 

Euboea, ae, f. Euboea, an island in 
the Aegean sea, (84). [(144). 

Euripides,is, m. An Athenian poet, 

Euphrates , is, m. A river in Asia, (24). 

Europa, ae, f. The continent of 
Europe. 

Eurybiddes, is, m. A king of Sparta, 
(219). 

Evado, ere, vdsi, vusum. To go 
out; to turn out, become; escape; 
evade. 

E-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come 
forth, happen; evenit, ut, ■ it 
chanced, that. 

E-verto, ere, verti, versum. To pull 
down, overthrow. 

Evuco, are, avi, dtum, (e, voco). To 
. call forth, summon. 

Evblo, are, avi, alum, (e, volo). To 
fly or flee away, hasten away. 

Ex, prep, with abl. From. See e 
or ex. 

Ex-adversum or ex-adversus , adv., 
and prep, with acc. Opposite, 
against. 

Ex-anlmo, are, avi, dtum. To de¬ 
prive of life or spirit ; kill. 

Ex-ardesco, ere, arsi. To kindle, be 
inflamed ; break out, as war. 

Ex-cedo , ere, cessi , cessum. To retire, 
withdraw. 




164: 


LATIN READER. 


[Excello 


Ex-cello, ere, cclldi, celsum. To ele¬ 
vate ; excel, be eminent. 

Excelsus, a, um, (excello). Lofty. 

Excidium, ii, n. Destruction, ruin. 

Excipio, ere , cejoi, ceptum , (ex, ca- 
pio). To take out, except. 

Ex-cito, are , <m, alum. To excite, 
arouse, awaken, strengthen. 

Excludo, ere, c?im, clusum , (ex, clau- 
do). To exclude, shut out, cut off. 

Ex-cogito , are, dvi, alum. To devise, 
think out. 

Excutio , ere, cassi, cussum, (ex, qua- 
tio). To shake or throw off. 

Exemplum , i, n. Example. 

Ex-eo, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To go 
from or forth. 

Exerceo, ere, cui, citum, (ex, arceo). 
To exercise, practise. 

Exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). Army, 
train. 

Ex-haurio, ire, hausi, hauslum. To 
exhaust, impoverish. 

Ex-horresco, ere, horrui. To dread, 
to tremble at. 

Exigo, ere, egi, actum, (ex, ago). 
To drive out, expel; finish, end; 
demand. 

Exiguus, a, u:n. Small. 

Eximius, a, urn. Excellent, choice, 

remarkable. 

Eximo, ere, emi, emptum, (ex, emo). 
To take away or from ; exempt; 
rescue. 

Existimdtio, onis, f. (existimo). An 
opinion, judgment, supposition; 
reputation. 

Existimo, are, dvi, dtum, (ex, aesti- 
mo). To judge, think. 

Exitium, ii, n. (exeo). End, death, 
destruction. 

Ex-orior, oriri, orlus sum, dep., 


partly of 3d conj. To arise; be 
derived from. 288, 2. 

Ex-orno, are, dvi, dtum. To adorn, 
beautify, embellish, furnish, equip. 

Exosus, a, um. Hating, hated, 
odious. 

Expedio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To re¬ 
lease, extricate; also to be expe¬ 
dient, or profitable. 

Expeditio, onis, f. (expedio). Expe¬ 
dition. 

Ex-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To ex¬ 
pel, drive away, banish. 

Ex-peto, ere, ivi or ii, itum. To 
seek, request. 

Ex-pleo, ere, evi, Itum. To fill, make 
full; fulfil. 

Ex-plico, are, dvi, dtum. To unfold; 
adjust; settle. 

Explordtor, oris, m. Explorer, spy. 

Ex-pugno, are, dvi, alum. To take, 
conquer, storm. 

Exscindo, ere, scidi, scissum. To 
destroy. 

Ex-sculpo, ert, sculpsi, scidplum. To 
erase. 

Exsecrabilis, e. Detestable. 

Exsequiae, drum, f. pi. Funeral. 

Ex-sequor, sequi, sccutus sum. To 
prosecute, accomplish, finish ; per¬ 
form. 

Exsilium, ii, n. Banishment, exile. 

Exspectatio, onis, f. (exspecto). Ex¬ 
pectation, high hope. 

Ex-specio, are, dvi , dtum. To await, 
expect. 

Ex-stinguo, Vre, stinxi, stincium. To 
extinguish, destroy. 

Ex-struo, ere, struxi, strudum. To 
build, construct. 

Exsul, ulis, m. and f. An exile. 

Ex-templo, adv. Immediately. 



Fidelis] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


165 


Ex-torqueo, ere, torsi, tortura. To 
extort, obtain by force. 

Ex-trdho, ere, traxi, tracfum. To 
extract, draw out, remove; rescue. 

F 

Fab ius, ii, m. Fabius, the name of 
a distinguished Roman family. 
Quintus Fabius Maximus , the 
celebrated Roman general who 
so successfully weakened Hanni¬ 
bal in the first Punic war, (175). 

Fabricius, ii, m. Fabricius, a dis¬ 
tinguished leader of the Romans in 
the war against Pyrrhus, (182). 

Fabula , ae, f. Report, narrative, 
fable, story, drama. 

Facies, ei, f. A face, appearance. 

Facile, ius, lime, adv. (facilis). Easily. 

Fadlis, e, (facio). Easy. 

Fadnus, oris, n. Deed, act; wick¬ 
edness, crime. 

Facio, ere, feci, factum . To do, act, 
make, compose. 

Factio, onis, f. Faction, party. 

Facultas, dtis, f. Capacity, ability, 
resource, opportunity; plur. riches, 
property, resources. 

Fallo, ire, fefelli, falsum. To de¬ 
ceive, foil. 

Falsus, a, um. False, spurious. 

Fama, ae, f. Fame, report. 

Fames, is, f. Hunger, famine. 

Familia, ae, f. Retinue of slaves, a 
family. 

Familiaritas, dtis, f. Friendship, 
intimacy. 

Famula, ae, f. Female slave. 

Fannius, ii, m. Fannius, a Roman 
name, (43). 

Fanum, i, n. Temple. 

Fascis, is, m. A bundle, parcel. 


Fastidio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To 
loathe, despise, disdain. 

Fatalis, e, (fatum). Fated, fatal. 

Fatiffo, are, avi, dtum. To oppress, 
trouble, weary, importune. 

Fatum, i, n. Fate, destiny, oracle. 

Fauce, abl. f.; plur. fauces, faucium.' 
Throat, jaws. 

Faustiilus, i, m. Faustulus, the 
shepherd who brought up Romu¬ 
lus and Remus, (153). 

Faveo, ere, favi, faulum. To favor. 

Favor, oris, m. (faveo). Favor, 
kindness. 

Felicitas, dtis, f. (felix). Felicity, 
success. 

Feliciier, ius, issime, adv. (felix). 
Happily, prosperously. 

Felis, is, f. Cat. 

Felix, ids. Happy. 

Femina, ae, f. Woman, female. 

Femur, oris, n. Thigh. 

Fera, ae, f. Wild beast. 

Fcrax, dcis. Fertile, fruitful, pro¬ 
ductive. 

Fere, adv. Almost. 

Ferine, adv. Almost. 

Ferio , ire. To strike, beat. 

Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear, 
endure; raise; say, tell; propose, 
as law. 292. 

Ferox, dcis. Bold, warlike, savage. 

Ferrum, i, n. Iron, sword. 

Fcrtilis. e. Fertile, rich. 

Ferus, a, um. Wild, rude, cruel; 
ferus and fera (subs.), wild animal 
or beast. 

Fessus, a, um. Wearied, exhausted. 

Festino, are, avi, dtum. To hasten. 

Festus, a, um. Festal; festum (subs.), 
a festival, feast. 

Fidelis, e, (tides). Faithful, trusty. 



166 


LATIN READER. 


[Fid is? 


Fides, ei, f. Fidelity, allegiance; 
protection, confidence, assurance; 
in Jidem , under protection. 

Fido , ere, swra. To trust, 

confide. 

Fiducia, ae, f. Trust, confidence. 

i^'a, ae, f., dat. and abl. pi. filidbus. 
Daughter. 49, 4. 

Filius, ii, m. Son. 

Fingo, ere, finxi, fidum. To form, 
feign, represent. 

Finio, ire, ivi , (finis). To 

finish, put an end to. 

Finis, is, m. and f. Limit, end; pi. 
territory. 

Finitimus, a , wm. Neighboring; 
subs, a neighbor. 

Fio , factus sum, pass, of facio. 

To be made ; become, happen. 
294. 

Firme, adv. Firmly, resolutely. 

Firmitas, dtis, f. (firmus). Firmness, 
strength. 

Firmus, a, urn. Strong, secure, firm. 

Flagitiosus, a, urn. Infamous, aban¬ 
doned. 

Flagitium, ii, n. Disgrace, shame, 
base deed. 

Flagro, are, dvi, dium. To burn, be 
carried on with zeal. 

Flaminius , ii, m. Flaminius, a Ro¬ 
man consul, defeated by Hannibal 
at the Lake Trasimenus, (190). 

Flamma, ae, f. Flame. 

Flecto, ere, Jlexi, Jlcxum. To bend, 
turn. 

Fletus, us, m. Weeping, tears. 

Florens, entis, (floreo). Blooming, 
youthful, excellent. Florens actas, 
. youth. 

Floresco, tire, jlorui, (floreo). To 
bloom, flourish, prosper; excel. 


Flos, oris, m. Blossom, flower. 

Flurnen, inis, n. Stream, river. 

Flavins, ii, m. River. 

Foederdtus, a, um. Confederate, 
allied. 

Foedus, eris, n. League, alliance* 
treaty. 

F'ons, ontis, m. Spring, fountain. 

Forem, es, etc .=essem, es, etc., Might 
be; fore—futurum esse. See 297, 
III. 2. 

Formo, are, dvi, dtum. To form, 
fashion, adjust. 

Fors, fortis, f. Chance; abl. forte 
as adv., by chance, perchance. 

Forsitan, (fors, sit, an). Perhaps. 

Fortasse. Perhaps. 

Forte. See fors. 

Fortis, e. Brave, valiant. 

Fortiter, ius, issime, adv. (fortis). 
Bravely. 

Fortitiido, inis, f. (fortis). Forti¬ 
tude, bravery. 

Fortuna, ae, f. Fortune. 

Forum, i, n. Market-place, forum. 

Fossa, ae, f. Ditch, trench. 

Frango, ere, fregi , fractum. To 
break. 

Frater, iris, m. Brother. 

Fraus, dis, f. Fraud, deceit. 

Frequenter , ius, issime, adv. Fre¬ 
quently, in great numbers. 

Fretus, a, um. Trusting, relying 
upon. 

Frudus, us, m. Fruit, produce. 

Frugalitas , dtis, f. Frugality, in¬ 
tegrity. 

Frumentum, i, n. Com, grain. 

Fruor, frui, fruitus and frudus 
sum, dep. To enjoy. 

Frustra, adv. In vain. 

Fuga, ae, f. Flight. 



Gracchus] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


167 


Fugio, ere, fugi, fugitum. To fly, 
flee, avoid, shun. 

Fugo, are, avi, Ciium. To rout, put 
to flight 

Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning, thun¬ 
derbolt 

Fulguratio , oms, f. Lightning. 

Fulmen , mis, n. Lightning, thun¬ 
derbolt. 

Fundamentum , *, n. Foundation. 

Funditus , adv. Utterly, entirely. 

Fundo , /wii, fusum. To pour 

out, shed, rout; also to make, 
cast 

Funesius , a, um, (funus). Deadly, 
destructive; mournful, sad. 

Fungor, fungi, functus sum, dep. To 
discharge, perform, pay. 

Furcula , au, f. Fork. Furculae 
Caudlnae ; see Caudinus. 

Furius, ii, m. Furius, a Roman fa¬ 
mily name, as Marcus Furius Ca- 
millus ; see Camillus. 

Furor, oris, m. Fury, madness. 

Furtum, i, n. Theft 

Futurus, a, urn, part. (sum). Future. 

G. 

Galatia, ae, f. Galatia, a country 
of Asia Minor, (206). 

Gallia, ae, f. The ancient country 
of Gaul, (209). 

Gallicus, a, um, (Gallia). Gallic. 

Gallina, ae, f. Hen. 

Gallus, i, m. A cock. 

Gallus, i, m. (Gallia). A Gaul, a 
native of Gaul, (39, III.). 

Gaudeo, ere, gavlsus sum. To re¬ 
joice, take pleasure in. 271, 3. 

Gaudium, ii, n. Joy, pleasure. 

Geminus, a, um. Twin, double. 

Gemma, ae, f. Gem. 


Gener, eri, m. Son-in-law. 

Genero, are, avi, ciium, (genus). To 
beget, create, produce. 

Genitus, a, um, part, (gigno). Bom, 
produced. 

Gens, gentis, f. Family, clan, tribe, 
nation, race. Ubinam gentium, 
where in the world ? 

Genus, eris, n. Race, family, peo¬ 
ple, kind. 

Germania, ae, f. Germany, (39, 
V.). 

Gcrmanus, i, m. (Germania). A 
German, (30). 

Gero, ere, gessi, gestum. To bear, 
wear; carry on, perform; wage, 
as war. 

Gestio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To de¬ 
sire, long for. 

Gigno, ere, genui, gcnitum. To 
bring forth, beget, produce. 

Glacialis, e. Icy, freezing. 

Gladiator, oris, m. Gladiator, a 
fighter at the public games. 

Gladiatorius, a, um, (gladiator). 
Gladiatorial. 

Gladius, ii, m. Sword. 

Glisco, ere. To grow, spread; rise. 

Gloria, ae, f. Glory. 

Glorior, ari, dtus sum, dep. To 
boast, exult, glory. 

Gracchus, i, m. Gracchus, a Ro¬ 
man name. Sempronius Grac¬ 
chus, the Roman general defeat¬ 
ed by Hannibal at the Trebia, 
(190). Gracchi, drum, m. pi. 
The Gracchi, members of the 
Gracchus family, but .especially 
the two brothers, Tiberius Corne¬ 
lius Gracchus and Caius Corne¬ 
lius Gracchus, famous in the poli¬ 
tical history of Rome, (131). 



168 


LATIN READER. 


[Gradus 


Gradus , us, m. Step, position, stair. 

Graece, adv. (Graecus). In the 
Greek language, in Greek. 

Graecia, ae, f. Greece, (210). 

Graecus or Graius , a, um, (Grae¬ 
cia). Grecian. Subs. Graecus 
or Graius , i, m. A Greek, (30, 
8 ). 

GrammaUca , ae, f. Grammar. 

Grammaticus, a, um. Of or be¬ 
longing to grammar, grammatical. 

Grandis , e. Large, great. 

Grando, inis, f. Hail. 

Gratia, ae, f. Favor, gratitude; 
pi. thanks; gratia, abl. for the 
sake of. 

Gratiis or gratis, adv. For nothing, 
without pay. 

Gratulatio, onis, f. Gratulation, 
congratulation. 

Graius, a, um. Fleasing, accept¬ 
able ; grateful. 

Gravis, e, Heavy, severe. 

Gravitas, atis, f. (gravis). Weight; 
dignity, gravity. 

Graviter, ius, issime, adv. (gravis). 
Heavily, severely. 

Gravo, are , avi, atum, (gravis). To 
burden, load. 

Grus, gruis, m. and f. Crane. 

Gubernator, oris, m. Pilot, ruler, 
governor. 

Guberno, are, avi, atum. To steer, 
pilot; direct, manage. 

Gylippus, i, m. Gylippus, a Spar¬ 
tan commander in the Sicilian 
expedition, (223). 

H. 

Habeo, ere, ui, itum. To have; re¬ 
gard ; keep. Sermonem habere, 
to hold a conversation. 


Habito, are, avi, <Xtum, (habeo). To 
inhabit, live in, dwell in. 332, 
I. 2. 

Habitus, us, m. (habeo). Habit, 
dress, attire. 

Hamilcar, aris, m. Hamilcar, the 
father of Hannibal, (186). 

Hamus, i, m. Fish-hook, hook. 

Hannibal, alis, m. Hannibal, the 
celebrated Carthaginian general in 
the second Punic war, (189). 

Hanno, onis, m. Hanno, a Cartha¬ 
ginian general in the second Punic 
war, (195). 

Hasdrubal, alis, . m. Hasdrubal, 
son of Hamilcar and brother of 
Hannibal, (192). Another of the 
same name was the brother-in-law 
of Hannibal, and the founder of 
New Carthage, in Spain. 

Hasta, ae, f. Spear. 

Hostile, is, n. Spear. 

Hastilis, e, (hasta). Belonging to a 
.spear. 

Haud, adv. Not. 

Haurio, ire, hausi, haustum. To 
drink, draw out, exhaust. 

Hector, dris, m. Hector, son of 
Priam and Hecuba, the bravest 
of the Trojans, (146). 

Hedera, ae, f. Ivy. 

Ilellespontus, i, m. Hellespont, the 
straits of the Dardanelles. 

Helvetii, drum, m. The Helvetians, 
a people of Gaul, (42). 

Hercules, is, m. Hercules, a cele¬ 
brated Grecian hero, deified after 
death. 

Heres, edis, m. and f. Heir, heir¬ 
ess. 

Herennius, ii, m. Herennius, the 
father of Pontius Thelesinus, who 



Ico] 


LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 


1G9 


conquered the Romans at the Cau- 
dine Forks, (179). 

Herodotus, i, m. Herodotus, a cele¬ 
brated Grecian historian, (20). 

Heros, 6is, m. Hero. 

Heu / iuterj. Oh ! Ah ! Alas ! 

Hiberna, drum, n. (hibernus). Win¬ 
ter-quarters. 

Hie, haec, hoc. This, he, she, it. 

Hie , adv. Here, in this place. 

Hiems, emis, f. Storm, winter. 

Hiero , onw, m. Hiero, king of Sy¬ 

racuse at the time of the first Pu¬ 
nic war, (185). 

Hierosolyma , ae, f. or brum, n. pi. 
Jerusalem, the capital of Judea, 
(206). 

Hinc, adv. (hie). Hence, on this ac¬ 
count, on this side; hinc — hinc, 
on the one side—on the other 
side. 

Hippias, ae, m. Hippias, son of 
Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, 
(97). 

Hispania, ae, f. Spain, (97). 

Hispanus, a, um. Spanish; subs. 
Hispanus, i, m. A Spaniard, 
(194). 

Historia, ae, f. History. 

Hodie, adv. To-day. 

Hoedus , i, m. A kid, young goat. 

Jlomerus, i, m. Homer, the cele¬ 
brated Greek epic poet, (134). 

Homo, inis, m. and f. Human being, 
man. 

Honestas, atis, f. (honestus). Honor, 
honesty. 

Honesie, ius , issime, adv. (honestus). 
Honorably, nobly, honestly. 

Honestus, a, um,, (honor). Full of 
honor, honorable, creditable, wor¬ 
thy, virtuous. 


Honor or honos , oris, m. Honor, 
rank, dignity. 

Honorifi.ee, centius , centissime, adv. 
(honorificus). Honorably. 305. 

Honoro, are, dvi, dturn, (honor). To 
honor, reverence. 

Hora, ae, f. Hour. 

Horreo, ere, horrui. To shudder,, 
shudder at, dread. 

Horatii, brum, m pi. See Curiatii ; 
also note on “ Horatiorum et Cu- 
riatiorum, (160). 

Horatius, ii, m. See Codes and 
Pulvillus. 

Ilortensius, ii, m. Hortensius, a 
Roman name. Quintus Horten¬ 
sius Hortdlus, a celebrated orator 
in the time of Cicero, (84, 91). 

Hortor, ari, dtus sum, dep. To 
exhort, incite. 

Hospita, ae, f. Guest. 

Hostia, ae, f. Victim. 

Hostilis, e, (hostis). Hostile. 

Hostilius, ii, m. Hostilius, a Roman 
name. Tullus Hostilius, the third 
king of Rome, (160). Caius 
Hostilius Mancinus, a Roman 
consul, (201). 

Hostis, is, m. and f. Enemy. 

Humdnus, a, um, (homo). Human. 

Humilis, e. Humble, small, low. 

Humo, dr#, dvi, atum. To bury. 

Hypanis, is, m. Hypanis, a river 
of Sarmatia, (85). 

I. 

Iberus, i, m. Iberus, a river of 
Spain, now the Ebro, (26). 

Ibi, adv. There, in that place. 

Ico, ere, id, ictum. To strike; 
make, ratify. 





170 


LATIN HEADER. 


[Idem 


Idem, eadem, idem. The same; 
sometimes best rendered by also. 

Idoneus, a, um. Suitable, fit. 

Igitur, conj. Therefore, accord¬ 
ingly- 

Igndvus, a, um. Slothful, indo¬ 
lent. 

Ignis, is, m. Fire. 

Ignoro, are, dvi , aftm. To be ig¬ 
norant of, not know. 

Ignosco, ere, igndvi, igndtum. To 
excuse, forgive, overlook. 

Menses, ium , m. Inhabitants of 
Ilium, Trojans, (146). 

Mum, ii, n. Ilium, or Troy, some¬ 
times applied to the city, and 
sometimes to the district, (236). 

Me, a, ud. That; he, she, it. 

lllustris, e. Illustrious, famous. 

Illustro, are, dvi, atum , (illustris). 
To enlighten, illumine, illustrate, 
celebrate. 

Illyricus, a, um, or Illyrius, a, um. 
Illyrian, of or pertaining to Illy¬ 
ria, a country on the northeastern 
coast of the Adriatic, (245). Subs. 
Illyricus or Illyrius , i , m., an Illy¬ 
rian. 

Imago, inis, f. Image, figure, pic¬ 
ture. 

Imbecillus, a, um, or imbecillis, e. 
Weak, feeble. 

Tmbuo, ere, imbui, imbutum. To 
imbue, impress. 

Imitdtio, onis, f. Imitation. 

Imitor, dri, atus sum, dep. To imi¬ 
tate, copy, portray, counterfeit. 

Immaturus, a, um, (in, maturus). 
Young, immature. 

Immemor, oris, (in, memor). Un¬ 
mindful, forgetful. 

fmmitto, 8re, mlsi, missum, (in, mit- 


to). To send or let in; let go; 
bring forward. 

Immortalis, e, (m, mortalis).. Im¬ 
mortal. 

Immortalitas, dtis, f. (immortalis.) 
Immortality. 

Immunitas, dtis, f. Immunity, ex¬ 
emption. 

Imo or immo, adv. Yes indeed, in¬ 
deed, by all means. 

Impatiens, entis, (in, patiens). Im¬ 
patient. 

Impatienter, ius, issime, adv. (impa¬ 
tiens). Impatiently. 

Impedimentum, i, n. (impedio). Im¬ 
pediment, obstacle; pi. bag¬ 
gage. 

Impedio, Ire, ivi or ii, itnm. To 
impede, embarrass; hinder, pre¬ 
vent. 

Impello, ere, puli, pulsum, (in, pel- 
lo). To impel, induce. 

Impensa, ae , f. Expense, cost. 

Imperator, oris, m. (impero). Com¬ 
mander, emperor. 

Imperltus, a, um, (in, peritus). Un¬ 
skilled, ignorant. 

Imperium, ii, n. (impgro). Com¬ 
mand, power, rule, sway, reign. 

Impero, are, dvi, atum. To com¬ 
mand, rule, govern. 

Impetro, are, dvi, atum. To ac¬ 
complish, obtain. 

Impetus, us, m. Attack, fury. 

Impietas, dtis, i: (impius). Want 
of respect, irreverence, impiety. 

Impius, a, um, (in, pius). Unduti- 
ful, irreverent, impious, abandon¬ 
ed. 

Impono, Zre, posui, positum, (in, 
pono). To place or put in or to; 
enjoin; impose. 





Infa.ns] 


LATIN-ENGLISH Y 00 ABU LAKY. 


171 


Imprubo, drey dvi } dtum, (in, probo). 
To reject. 

Imprudenter, ins, isstme, adv. (im- 
prudens, imprudent). Imprudently. 

Impubes, Zris. Youthful, young. 

ImpugnOy drey avi, dtum , (in, pugno). 
To assail, attack. 

Impulsus, us, m. (impello). Instiga- 

jl tion. 

In, prep, with acc. or abl. Into, to, 
for, against, with acc. ; in, on, with 
abl. 

InaniSy e. Empty, void; vain, fool¬ 
ish, useless. 

Incendium , ii, n. (incendo). Fire, 
conflagration. 

Incendo , ere , cendi , censum. To set 
on fire, inflame, excite. 

In-certus, a , um. Uncertain. 

Incesso, ere , cessivi or cessi. To at¬ 
tack. 

InchoOy are , avi, dtum. To begin, 
commence. 

IncidOy ere , cidi, casum , (in, cado). 
To fall into or upon, fall in with, 
happen. 

Incido, ere , cidi, clsum , (in, caedo). 
To cut, destroy. 

Incipio, ere , cepi, ceptum , (in, capio). 
To begin, undertake. 

Incitamerdum , i. n. (incito). Incen¬ 
tive, inducement. 

Incitdtus, a , um, (incito). Running; 
equo incitdto, at full speed. 

In-ciio, are , avi, dtum. To incite, 
hasten, spur on ; inspire. 

In-clino, are , avi , dtum. To incline, 
bend; pass, to sink, go to ruin. 

Incola, ae, m. and f. (incolo). In¬ 
habitant. 

In-colo, ere , colui, cultum. To dwell, 
abide in, inhabit. 


In-columisy e. Safe, uninjured. 

In-credibilis, e. Incredible. 

Incrementum, i, n. Growth, in¬ 
crease. 

Incursio, dnis, f. (incurro). Attack, 
inroad. 

Inde, adv. Thence, from that 
place. 

Indecore, adv. Disgracefully. 

India, ae, f. India, an extensive 
country of Asia, (242). 

In-dico, ere , dixi, dictum. To de¬ 
clare, publish, appoint. 

Indigco, ere , indigui. To need; 
part, indlgens, as adj. or subs, in* 
digent, an indigent person. 

Indignatio, onis , f. (indignor). Scorn, 
indignation. 

Indignor, ari, dtus sum, (indignus). 
To disdain, scorn; be indignant. 

In-dignus, a, um. Unworthy, harsh, 
indecent. 

In-domitus, a, um. Unsubdued, in¬ 
vincible. 

In-dubitatus, a, um. Undoubted, cer¬ 
tain. 

Induciae, or indutiae, drum , f. pi. 
Truce. 

In-duco, ere , duxi, ductum. To in¬ 
duce,' lead into, overlay, adorn 
with, gild. 

Indurdtus, a, um, (induro). Obdu¬ 
rate, hardened. 

In-duro, are , avi , dtum. To harden. 

Industria, ae, f. Industry. 

In-eo, ire , ivi or ii, Hum. To enter, 
go into; gratiam inire , to obtain 
the favor of, conciliate. 295. 

Inermis, e, (in, arma). Unarmed. 

Inf amis, e. Infamous, notorious- 

Inf am, antis , adj. Speechless, 
dumb; subs, an infant. 



172 


LATIN READER. 


[Infklix 


In-felix, ids. Unhappy, unfortu¬ 
nate. 

Infensus, a , um. Exasperated, en¬ 
raged. 

Inferior, ius. Inferior. 163, 3. 

Infero,ferre, tali , illdtum. To carry 
against, wage against. 292, 2. 

Infesto , are, atom, (infestus). 

To infest, trouble. 

Infestus , a, wm. Infested, trouble¬ 
some, hostile. 

In-finltus, a, «m, Great, infinite, 
boundless, of unlimited power. 

In-fiammo, are, <m, alum. To set 
on fire, bum, inflame, arouse. 

Informis , e, (in, forma). Shapeless, 
deformed. 

Infrendo, ere, —, fressum, fresum. 
To gnash with the teeth. 

Infringo , ere, /rey«, fractum , (in, 
frango). To infringe, break. 

Infdla, ae, f. Fillet, head-dress, 
badge of office. 

In-glmo, ere, wi. To groan, la¬ 
ment. 

Ingenium , n. Character, genius, 

intellect, power. 

Ingens, entis. Great, mighty. 

Ingratiis or ingratis, adv. Against 
one’s will. 

In-grdtus , a, «m. Disagreeable, 
offensive, ungrateful. 

In-gredior, gredi, gressus* sum , dep. 
(in, gradior). To enter, encoun¬ 
ter. 

In-haereo , ere, haesi, haesum. To 
cleave or stick to, to stick fast, 
adhere. 

In-hio, are, avi, atum. To gape, 
stand open; desire, long for. 

Inhumanitas, atis, f. (inhum&nus). 
Barbarity, incivility, inhumanity. 


Inimlcus, a, um, (in, amicus). Hos¬ 
tile ; subs, an enemy. 

Inlquus, a, um, (in, aequus). Un* 
favorable, unjust. 

Initium, ii, n. (ineo). Beginning; 
pi. sacred mysteries. 

Injido, ere, jeci, jectum, (in, jacio). 
To throw in; cause; inspire with. 

Injuria, ae, f. Injury, wrong. 

Injusle, ius, issime, adv. (injustus). 
Unjustly. 

In-justus, a, um. Unjust, oppress¬ 
ive, severe. 

In-nocens, entis. Innocent. 

In-notesco, ire, notui. To become 
known. 

Irv-noxius, a, um. Harmless, inno¬ 
cent. 

In-numerabilis, e. Innumerable. 

In-opindtus, a, um. Sudden, unex¬ 
pected. 

Inquarn, defective. To say. See 
297, II. 2. 

Insania, ae, f. Insanity, folly. 

Inscitia, ae, f. Ignorance. 

In-sequor, sequi, secutus sum. To fol¬ 
low, pursue. 

Insidiae, drum, f, pi. Ambush, 
treachery, plot. 

Insigne, is, n. Mark, sign; pi. 
badges of office, insignia. 

Insignis, e. Distinguished, noted. 

In-simulo, are, avi, atum. To blame, 
accuse, charge. 

In-sisto, ere, stiti, stitum. To per 
sist; urge; entreat. 

In-solens, entis. Unusual, insolent. 

Insolenter, ius, issime , adv. (ins<> 
lens). Insolently. 

Tnspecto, dre, avi, atum. To look 
at, to look on. 

Inspicio, ere, spexi , spectum , (in, spe 



Inutilis] 


LATIN-ENGLISII YOCABULAEY. 


173 


cio). To consider, inspect, look 
on. 

Instauro, are, avi, atum. To renew. 

Instituo, ere, stitui, stitutum , (in, sta- 
tuo). To institute, establish. 

Institutum, i, n. (instituo). Habit, 
manner, custom, institution. 

In-sto, stare, sfiti, statum. To stand 
in or upon a thing, be near to; to 
urge, insist, beg earnestly. 

Instrumentum, i, n. (instruo). Im¬ 
plements, movables, goods. 

In-struo, ere, struzi, structum. To 
prepare, build, furnish with, 
equip. 

Insula, ae, f. Island. 

In-super. Moreover. 

In-tactus , a, um. Unharmed. 

Integer, gra, grum. Whole, entire, 
unhurt; just, impartial, neutral. 

Integritas, atis, f. (integer). Inte¬ 
grity, probity, honesty. 

Intelligentia, ae, f. (intelligo). Intel¬ 
ligence, discernment, understand¬ 
ing. 

Intelligo, ere, lexi, ledum. To un¬ 
derstand, perceive, know. 

Inter, prep, with acc. Between, 
among, in the midst of. 

Intercipio, Sre, cepi, ceptum, (inter, 
capio). To catch; intercept, take 
from. 

Intercludo, 8re, clusi, clusum, (inter, 
claudo). To prevent, cut off. 

Inter-dum, adv. Sometimes. 

Inter-ea, adv. In the mean time. 

Inter-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii , itum. To 
perish. 295. 

Inter-est, impers. It concerns, it is 
important. 

Interfector, oris, m. (interficio). 
Murderer. 


Interficio, ere, fed, fectum, (inter, 
facio). To kill, slay. 

Interim, adv. In the mean time, 
meanwhile. 

Interimo, ere, emi , emptum, (inter, 
emo). To deprive of, to kill. 

Interior, ius. Interior, inland. 166. 

Interitus, us, m. (intereo). Destruc¬ 
tion. 

Interficio , ere, fid, jectum, (inter, 
jacio). To place between; anno 
interficio, at the expiration of a 
year. 

Internedo, onis, f. Slaughter. 

Inter-nuncius or internuntius, ii, m. 
Messenger. 

Interregnum , i, n. An interreign, 
interregnum. 

In-territus, a, um. Fearless, undis¬ 
mayed. 

Inter-rogo, are, avi, atum. To ask, 
question. 

Inter-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To 
break down, interrupt. 

Inter-sero, ere,serui, sertum. To al¬ 
lege, interpose. 

Inter-sum, esse,fui. To be present 
at, take part in. 

Inter-venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To 
intervene, occur. 

Intestinus, a, um. Intestine, civil. 

Intra, adv., and prep, with aoc. 
Within. 

Intro, are, avi, alum. To enter. 

Intro-eo, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum. Toen - 
ter. 295. 

In-tueor, fueri, tuitus sum. To look 
at, observe'. 

Intus, adv. Within. 

In-usitatus, a, um. Unusual, extra¬ 
ordinary. 

In-utilis, e. Useless. 




174 


LATIN READER. 


[In v a do 


In-vado, ere, v&si, vasum. To in¬ 
vade, seize. 

In-venio, Ire, w'm, ventum. To find, 
invent, devise, meet with. 

Inventrkc, ids, f. (inventor). In- 
ventress. 

In-vicem, adv. By turns, one an¬ 
other. 

In-victus, a , m Unconquered, in¬ 
vincible. 

In-video, ere , lucft, visum. To envy. 

Invidia, ae, f. Envy, hatred. 

Invlsus , a, wm. Odious, hateful. 

Invito , are, awi, atum. To invite, 
allure. 

Invxtus , a, m. Unwilling. 

7oma, ae, f. Ionia, a country in the 
western part of Asia Minor, (224). 

/owes, um, m. pi. The Ionians. 

Iphicrates , is, m. Iphicrates, a cele¬ 
brated Athenian general. He rose 
from an humble station to the 
highest offices of state, (49). 

Ipse, a, um. Self, himself, herself, 
itself. 

Ira, ae, f. Anger. 

Irascor, irasci, iratus sum, dep. To 
be angry, be in a rage. 

Iratus, a, um, (irascor). Enraged, 
angry, angered. 

Irreparabxlis, e. Irrecoverable. 

Irrideo, ere , risi, rlsum, (in, rideo). 
To ridicule, laugh at, laugh. 

Irrlto, are, avi, atum. To provoke, 
irritate, incite. 

Irrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, (in, 
rumpo). To rush into, make an 
incursion into. 

Is, ea, id. He, she, it, that, such. 

Isocrates, is, m. Isocrates, a famous 
orator and teacher of rhetoric at 
Athens, (45). 


Iste, a, ud. That, such; sometimes 
used in contempt. 

Ister, tri, m. The river Danube. 
This name is applied to the lower 
part of the river, the upper 
part taking the name Danubius, 
(215). 

Ita, adv. Thus, so; to such an ex¬ 
tent. 

Italia, ae, f. Italy, (180). 

Italicus or Italus, a, um. Italian; 
subs. Italus, i, m., an Italian, 
(148). 

Ita-que, adv. Therefore, and thus, 
accordingly. 

Iter, itineris, n. Way, march, route, 
road. 

ItSrum, adv. Again, a second time. 
J 

Jaceo, ere, ui, itum. To lie. 

Jacio, ere, jed, jaclum. To throw, 
hurl; also, to lay, place, erect. 

Jaculum, i, n. (jacio). Dart, javelin. 

Jam, adv. Now, already. 

Janiculum, i, n. Janiculum, a hill 
on the west side of the Tiber, not 
or.e of the seven hills of Rome, 
though included within the wall 
built by Aurelian in the third 
century, (148). 

Jocus, i, m., also in the pi. joca, jo- 
corum. Joke, jest. 141. 

Jubeo, ere, jussi, jussum. To order, 
direct. 

Jucundus, a, um. Pleasing, pleasant, 
delightful. 

Judaea, ae, f. Judea, (206). 

Judaeus, a, um. Jewish ; subs. Ju¬ 
daeus, i, m., a Jew, (206). 

Judex, ids, m. and f. (judico). Judge, 
arbiter. 




Lassitudo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


175 


Judicium, ii, n. (judex). Judgment, 
decision, trial. 

Judico, are, avi, alum. To judge. 

Jugum , ?, n. Yoke. 

Julius , «, m. See Caesar. 

Jungo , ere, junxi, junclum. To join, 
unite; societdtem jungere , to form 
a partnership. 

Junior , (juvenis). Younger. 
168, 3. 

Junius , ii, m. Junius, a Roman 
name; as Caiws Junius , consul 
and dictator, (20, 7). See Brulus. 

Jupiter, Jovis, m. Jupiter, king of 
the gods. 66, 3. 

t/wro, are, ari, aiwm. To take oath, 
swear. 

Jus, juris, n. Right, justice, autho¬ 
rity, control; jure, with or by 
right, justly, properly. 

Justitia, ae, f. (justus). Justice. 

Justus, a, um, (jus). Just. 

Juvenca, ae, f. Heifer, cow. 

Juvencus, i, m. A young bullock. 

Juv&nis, e. Young; subs, a youth. 
168, 4. 

Juventus, utis, f. (juvenis). Youth ; 
the period of youth. 

Juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, aid, 
assist, support. 

L 

L. An abbreviation of Lucius. 

Labienus, i, m. Labienus, a Roman 
name. Titus Labienus, the legate 
of Caesar in Gaul, (56, 14). 

Labor, oris, m. Labor, work. 

Labdro, are, avi, atum, (labor). To 
labor, strive, take pains ; toil; 
suffer. 

Lac, ladis, n. Milk. 

Lacedaemon, onis, f. The city of 


Lacedaemon or Sparta, the capital 
of Laconia, (94). 

Lacedaemonius, a, um. Lacedaemo¬ 
nian or Spartan; subs. Lacedae¬ 
monius, ii, m., a Lacedaemonian 
or Spartan, (123). 

Lacesso, £re, ivi or ii, vtum. To ex¬ 
cite, assail, provoke. 

Laconia or Laconica, ae, f. Laco¬ 
nia, a country of the Peloponnesus, 
( 222 ). 

Laco or Lacon, onis, m. A Laconian. 

Lacrima or lacryma, ae, f. Tear. 

Lacrimo or lacrymo, are, avi, atum, 
(lacrima). To weep, shed tears. 

Laeus, us, m. Lake. 117. 

Laelius, ii, m. Laelius, a Roman 
name. Cairn Laelius, a celebrated 
Roman consul and augur, sur- 
named the Wise. He was the in¬ 
timate friend of Scipio Africanus 
the Younger, (65). 

Laetitia, ae, f. (laetus). Joy, glad¬ 
ness. 

Laetus, a, um. Glad, joyous, pleased. 

Laevinus, i, m. Laevinus, a Roman 
name. Publius Valerius Laevinus, 
a Roman consul, (180). Marcus 
Valerius Laevinus, also a Roman 
consul and a distinguished com¬ 
mander, (193). 

L/aevus, a, um. Left, on the left 
hand. 

Lamachus, .<*, m. Lamaclius, an 
Athenian general in the Sicilian 
expedition, (223). 

Lamia, ae, m. Lamia, a Roman 
surname, (71). 

Lanio, are, dm, atum. To tear in 
pieces. 

Lassitiido, inis, f. Fatigue, weari* 
ness. 



176 


LATIN READER. 


[Latebra 


LatZbra, ae, f. Retreat, hiding-place, 
pretence. 

Jjatine , adv. (Latlnus). In Latin. 

Latinus, i, m. Latinus, an ancient 
king of the Laurentians in Italy, 
(149). 

Latium, ii, n. Latium, a country of 
Italy containing Rome, (167). 

Latinus, a, », adj. Latin; subs. 
Latinus, e, m., an inhabitant of 
Latium, a Latin; pi. the Latins, 
( 101 ). 

Latno, onis , m. Robber. 

Lotus, a, um. Broad, wide. 

Lotus, Oris, n. Side. 

Laudabilis, e, (laudo). Praiseworthy, 
laudable. 

Laudo, are, avi, atum, (laus). To 
praise. 

Laurentia, ae, f. See Acca. 

Laus, laudis, f. Praise. 

Lavinia, ae, f. Lavinia, daughter of 
Latinus and wife of Aeneas, (149). 

Lavinium, ii, n. Lavinium, a town 
in Latium, a few miles south of 
Rome, founded by Aeneas, and 
named by him after his wife Lavi¬ 
nia, (149). 

Laxo, are, avi, atum. To relax, 
loosen. 

Lectito, are, avi, atum, (lego). To 
read often, with eagerness, to read. 
332, I. 3. 

Lectus, a, um, (lego). Choice, ex¬ 
cellent. 

Legaiio, onis, f. Legation, embassy. 

Legatus, i, m. Ambassador, lieuten¬ 
ant, messenger. 

Legio, Onis, f. Legion, a body of 
soldiers. 

Lego, are, avi, atum, (lex). To be¬ 
queathe as a legacy. 


Lego, ere, legi, tectum. To choose, 
elect; read. 

Lentulus, i, m. Lentulus, a surname 
of a distinguished Roman family. 
Publius Cornelius Lentulus, a con¬ 
spirator with Catiline, (97, 16). 

Leo, Onis, m. Lion. 

Leonidas, ae, m. Leonidas, a Spar¬ 
tan king who fell at Thermopylae, 
(124). 

Lepidus, i, m. Lepidus, one of the 
triumvirs with Octavianus and 
Antony, (83, 212). 

Lesbos or Lesbus, i, f. Lesbos, a 
celebrated island in the Aegean 
Sea, (49, 12). 

Letalis, e, (letum). Deadly, mortal 

Letum, i, n. Death. 

Leuctra, Orum, n. pi. Leuctra, a 
small town in Boeotia, celebrated 
for the victory of Epaminondas 
over the Lacedaemonians, (229). 

Leuctricus, a, um. Of or belonging 
to Leuctra; Leuctrian, (230). 

Levis, e. Light, easy. 

Leviter, ius, issime, adv. (levis). 
Lightly, slightly. 

Lex, legis, f. Law, condition, terms. 

Liber, bri, m. Book. 

Liber, era, erum. Free. 

Liberi, Orum, m. pi. Children. 

Libero, are, avi, atum, (liber). To 
liberate, free. 

Libertas, atis, f. (liber). Liberty, 
freedom. 

Licet, impers. It is lawful, is per¬ 
mitted. 

Licet, conj. Although, though. 

Licinius, ii, m. Licinius, a Roman 
name. Publius Licinius, a Roman 
consul and commander in the war 
with Perseus, (198). Marcus Li- 



Maghifice] 


LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 


177 


cinius Crassus, proconsul in the 
war of the gladiators, (204). 

Ligneus, a, um. Wooden, of wood. 

Ligures , um, m. pi. The Ligurians, 
inhabitants of Liguria in the west¬ 
ern part of Italy, (190). 

Lilybaeum, i, n. Lilybaeum, a pro¬ 
montory on the southwestern coast 
of Sicily, (188). 

Lis, litis , f. Strife, quarrel, lawsuit. 

Lilterae, arum , f. pi. Letter, letters ; 
literature. 132. 

Litus, oris , n. Shore, sea-shore. 

locupleto , are, ar«, alum. To en¬ 
rich, make rich. 

Locus , i, m., pi. foci or foca, n. Place. 
141. 

Longe , ias, issime , adv. (longus). 
Much, greatly, by far. 

Longinquus , a, m Remote, dis¬ 
tant, long. 

Longitudo, mis , f. (longus). Length. 

Longus , a, m. Long. 

Loquor , fo^wi, locuius sum. To 
speak, converse. 

Lorica, ae, f. Coat-of-mail. 

Lucius , ««, m. Lucius, a name com¬ 
mon among the Romans ; as, Zw- 
cius Tarquinius Prisons , (162). 

Lucretius, ii, m. Lucretius, a Ro¬ 
man name. JSjnirius Lucretius, 
the colleague of Publicola in the 
consulship, (170). 

Lucrum, i, n. Gain, profit, advan¬ 
tage. 

Lucus, i, m. Grove. 

Ludus, i , m. Game, play, sport, 
school. 

Lugeo, ere, luxi. To grieve, mourn, 
weep for. 

Lumen , n. A light; the eye. 

Luna, ae, f. Moon. 


Zwo, cre, foi, luiium or lutum. To 
pay; expiate, atone for. 

Lupa, ae, f. A she-wolf. 

Lupus, i, m. A wolf. 

Lustratio, onis , f. (lustro). Expi¬ 
atory sacrifice; review attended 
with sacrifices. 

Lustro, are, avi, atum. To purify, 
review. 

Lusus, us, m. Play, game; jest, 
sport, fun. 

Lutatius, ii, m. See Catulus. 

Lux, lucis, f. Light, light of day. 

Luxuria, ae, f. Luxury, excess. 

Lycurgus, i, m. Lycurgus, the cele¬ 
brated law-giver of Sparta, (95). 

Lydia, ae, f. Lydia, a country in 
Asia Minor, (225). 

Lydus, a, um. Lydian, pertaining 
to Lydia ; subs, a Lydian, (33). 

Lysander, dri, m. Lysander, a ce¬ 
lebrated Spartan general, (225). 

M 

M. An abbreviation of Marcus. 

■ 

Macedonia, ae, f. Macedonia, Ha- 
cedon, a country north of Thes¬ 
saly, (193). 

Macedo, onis, m. A Macedonian, 

(230). 

Macedonicus, a, um, adj. Macedo¬ 
nian, (197). 

Magis, comp. adv. More.' See the 
superlative, maxime. 

Magister, tri, m. Master, leader, 

teacher. 

Magistra, ae, f. Instructress, teacher. 

Magistratus, us, m. Magistracy, 
magistrate. 

Magnifice, centius, centissims, adv. 
(magnificus). Magnificently, splen* 
didly. 305. 



178 


LATIN READER. 


[Magnificenteb 


Magnificenter, »us, issXme, adv.= 
magnifice. 

Magnificentia , ae, f. (magnificus). 
Magnificence, costliness. 

Magnificus, a, urn ; comp, magnif- 
centior , superl. magnificentissimus. 
Splendid ; stately; high-minded, 
magnificent. 164. 

Magnitudo, inis, f. (magnus). Great¬ 
ness, size. 

Magnopere, adv. (magnus, opus). 
Greatly, earnestly. 

Magnus , a, um ; comp, major, su¬ 
perl. maximus. Great, large; 
in comp. and superl. sometimes 
older, oldest, elder, eldest: ma¬ 
jor es, forefathers, ancestors ; ma¬ 
jor es natu, elders. 165. 

Magus, i, m. Generally plur. Magi, 
drum. A wise man, particularly 
among the Persians. 

Majestas, dtis, f. Majesty, dignity. 

Major. See magnus. 

Male, comp, pejus, superl. pessime, 
adv. (malus). Badly, with ill 
success. 305. 

Male-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To speak 
evil of, revile, abuse, rail at. 

Maleficus, a, um, (male, facio.) 
Evil-doing, vicious, wicked, hurt¬ 
ful. 164. 

Malo, malle, malui, irregular. To 
prefer. 293. 

Malum, i, n. Misfortune, evil. 

Malus, a, um; comp, pejor, superl. 
pcssimus. Bad, poor, wicked. 
165. 

Mancinus, i, m. Mancinus, a Ro¬ 
man consul in the war with the 
Numantians, (201). 

Mando , are, avi, atum, To bid, en¬ 
join, intrust 


Maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. To 
remain. 

Manifesto, are, avi, atum. To show, 
manifest. 

Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Roman 
name ; as, Manius Manlius. 

Manlius , ii, m, Manlius, a Roman 
name. Manius Manlius, a Roman 
consul in the third Punic war, 
(199). Titus Manlius, a Roman 
youth, sumamed Torquatus for 
his achievements in the Gallic 
war, (177). 

Mantinla, ae, f. A city of Arcadia, 
in the Peloponnesus, (142). 

Manumitto, Zre, rnisi, missum, (ma- 
nus, mitto). To release from one’s 
power, emancipate, make free. 

Manus, us, f. Hand ; force. 

Marathon, onis, m. Marathon, a 
town and plain, in Attica, cele¬ 
brated for the victory of Miltiades 
over the Persians, (216). 

Marathonius, a, um. Marathonian; 
of or belonging to Marathon, (97). 

Mardus, ii, m. Marcius, a Roman 
name. See Ancus, Censorinus. 

Marcellus, i, m. Roman gen’l, (193). 

Marcus, i, m. Marcus, a Roman 
name, (186). 

Mardonius, ii, m. Mardonius, a Per¬ 
sian general, defeated by Pausa- 
nias in the battle of Plataea, (221). 

Mare, is, n. Sea. 

Marinus, a, um, (mare). Marine, 
of the sea, from or by the sea. 

Marius, ii, m. Marius, a Roman 
name. Caius Marius, a distin¬ 
guished Roman general, the con¬ 
queror of Jugurtha, and leader in 
the civil war against Sulla. He 
was consul seven times, (202), 



11e us] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


179 


Mars, Martis, m. Mars, the god of 
war; sometimes put for war it¬ 
self, (152, 226). 

Massa, ae, f. Mass, lump. 

Mater, iris, f. Mother. 

Materia, ae, f., or materks, ei, f. 
Material. 

Matricidium , it, n. Matricide. 

Matrimonium , ii, n. Marriage. 

Matrona, ae, f. Matron. 

Maxime, adv. Especially, in the 
highest degree. See magis. 

Maximus, a, um; superlative of 
magnus. Greatest. 

Maximus, i , m. Maximus, a Roman 
surname; as, Quintus Fabius Max¬ 
imus, the famous dictator in the 
second Punic war, (17 5). 

Medicus, i, m. Physician. 

Medius, a, um. Middle, midst of, 
middle of. 441, 6. 

Medius, ii, m. Medius, a Thessalian, 
friend of Alexander the Great, 
(243). 

Medus, a,um. Median, Assyrian,(53). 

Mehercule, adv. By Hercules, truly, 
indeed. 

Mel, mellis, n. Honey. 

Melior, ius. -Better. See bonus. 

Membrum, i, n. Member, limb. 

Memini, isti, defect. To remember. 
297. 

Memor, oris. Mindful, endowed 
with memory, remembering read¬ 
ily, remembering. 

Memorabilis, e. Memorable. 

Memoria, ae, f. Memory, recol¬ 
lection. 

Memphis, is, f. Memphis, a city of 
Egypt, (239). 

Menander, dri, m. Menander, a 
Roman name, (67). 

1 


Mendacium, ii, n. Untruth, false¬ 
hood, lie. 

Menenius, ii, m. See Agrippa. 

Mens, mentis, f. Mind, reason. 

Mensis, is, m. Month. 

Mentio , dnis, f. Mention. 

Mentior, iri, itus sum, dep. To speak 
falsely, lie, cheat, deceive. 

Merces, edis, f. (mereo). Reward, 
price, wages. 

Mercor , dri, dins sum, dep. To 
trade, buy, purchase. 

Mercurius, ii, m. Mercury, the son 
of Jupiter and Maia, the god of 
eloquence, and the messenger of 
the gods, (19). 

Mereo, ere, ui, Hum. To deserve, 
merit. 

Mereor, eri, itus sum, dep. To de¬ 
serve, earn, merit. 

Mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To 
merge, sink; destroy. 

Merito, adv. (meritum). With 
good reason, with reason, deserv¬ 
edly. 

Meritum, i, n. Reward, merit. 

Merum, i, n. Wine, pure wine. 

Mesopotamia, ae, f. Mesopotamia, a 
country of Asia, between the Eu¬ 
phrates and Tigris, (24, 10). 

Metallum, i, n. Metal, mine. 

Melellus, i, m. Metellus, a Roman 
name ; as, Metellus Pius, (138). 

Metior, iri, mensus sum, dep. To 
measure, estimate. 

Metius, ii, m. See Suffetius. 

Meto, ere, messui, messum. To reaft 
mow. 

Meiuo, ere, ui. To fear. 

Metus, us, m. Fear, dread. 

Metis, a, um, voc. sing. masc. mi. 
My, mine. 185, 



180 


LATIN READER. 


[Migro 


Migro, are, dvi, alum. To migrate, 
remove. 

Miles, itis, m. Soldier. 

Militdris, e, (miles). Military. 

Militia, ae, f. (miles). Warfare, mi¬ 
litary service, military affairs. 

Milito, are , am, atum, (miles). To 
serve as a soldier, to serve. 

Mille, subs, and adj. Thousand; 
millia, subs., a thousand, a thou¬ 
sand men. 

Milliarium, ii, n. Milestone, 
mile. 

Miltiddes, is, m. Miltiades, a cele¬ 
brated Athenian general, con¬ 
queror at Marathon, (39, IV.) 

Minerva, ae , f. Goddess of wisdom, 

( 22 ). 

Minime , adv. Least. See parum. 

Minimus, a, wj, (parvus). Smallest, 
least. 

Minitor , an, afas sMm, dep. To 
threaten, menace. 

Minor, oris. See Armenia. 

Minor, ms, (parvus). Smaller, less. 

Minuo, ire, ui, utum. To lessen, 
diminish. 

Minus , adv. Less. See parum. 

Mirabilis , e, (miror). Wonderful. 

Mirificus, a, Mm, (mirus, facio). 
Causing wonder, wonderful, mar¬ 
vellous. 

Miror, am, «/ms SMm, dep. To won¬ 
der, admire. 

Mirus, a, Mm. Wonderful, sur¬ 
prising. 

Miser, era, erMm. Unfortunate, un¬ 
happy, worthless, miserable, sad. 

Miser eo, ere , mi, itum. To pity; o/- 
fen impersonal; miseret me, I pity. 

Misereor, cri, miserius or miseritus 
sum, dep. To pity. 


Miseria, ae, f. (miser). Misery, 
affliction. 

Misericordia, ae, f. Compassion. 

Mithridates, is, m. Mithridates, a 
celebrated king of Pontus, (202). 

Mithridaticus, a, um. Mithridatic ; 
of or belonging to Mithridates, 
( 202 ). 

Mitis, e. Mild, gentle, placid. 

Mitto, ire, misi, missum. To send. 

Moderate, ius, issime, adv. (modera- 
tus). With moderation. 

Moderatio, unis, f. Moderation, self- 
control. 

Modercitus, a, um. Discreet, mod¬ 
erate. 

Modius (or um, n.), ii, m. Measure, 
a little more than a peck. 

Modo, adv. Now, only, but, pro¬ 
vided that; modo — modo, some¬ 
times—sometimes. 

Modus, i, m. Manner, measure, 
limits. 

Moenia, ium, n. pi. Walls of a city, 
city. 

Moles, is, f. Mole, dam. 

Molestus, a, um. Unwelcome, irk¬ 
some, oppressive, troublesome, 
painful. 

Molitio, onis, f. Undertaking, pre¬ 
paration. 

Mollio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To 
soften. 

Momentum, i, n. Weight, influ 
ence. 

Moneo, ere, ui, itum. To advise, 
warn, admonish. 

Monitus, us, m. (moneo). Advice. 

Mons, month, m. Mountain, mount. 

Monstro, are, dvi, dium. To show. 

Mora, ae, f. Delay. 

Morbus, i, m. Disease. 



Natu] 


LATLN-ENGLISn VOCABULARY. 


181 


Morior , Iri or i, mortuus sum , dep. 
To die. 283. 

Moror , dri, sw.'M, dcp. (raora). 

To delay, tarry. 

Mors , mortis , f. Death. 

Morsus , ws, m. Bite. 

Mortdlis , e. Mortal, deadly ; 
mortal, man. 

Morlxfer, era , drum, (mors and fero). 
Deadly, mortal. 

Afos, moris, m. Custom, manner; 
character, morals. 

Motus , ws, m. Motion; commotion, 
revolt. 

Moveo, ere , more, motum. To move, 
excite. 

J/ox, adv. Presently, soon. 

Mucius, iiy m. Mucius, a Roman 
name. Mucius Scacvdla, a Roman 
youth who attempted to assassi¬ 
nate Porsena, (172). 

Mucro, Unis, m. Point of sword, 
sword. 

MuYilbriSy e, (mulier). Belonging to 
women, womanly, woman’s. 

Muliery eris, f. Woman. 

Multitudoy iniSy f. (multus). Mul¬ 
titude. 

Muller, drey dvi, dturn. To punish, 
deprive of by way of punishment; 
to fine. 

MultOy adv. (multus). By far, much. 

MuliuSy a, um ; comp, plus, n., su- 
perl. plurimus. Mueh, many. 
165. 

MunduSy iy m. World, universe. 

Munia, ium, n. pi. Duties, func¬ 
tions of office. 

Munijicentia, ae, f. Munificence, be¬ 
neficence. 

Munimentum, i, n. Fortification, 
defence, covering. 


MuniOy irey hi or it, hum. To for¬ 
tify, defend. 

MunitiOy dnis, f. Fortification, 
rampart. 

MunituSy urn, part, (munio). 
Fortified. 

MunuSy eris, n. Reward, present; 
service, office. 

Muny chia, ae, f. The Athenian 
harbor Munychia and the hill 
which rises above it, (228). 

Mums, i, m. Wall. 

Mus, murisy m. Mouse. 

Mutatio, oniSy f. (muto). Change. 

MutOy are , dvi, dtum. To change, 
alter. 

MuluuSy a , um. Mutual. 

Mycule , es, f. Mycale, a high pro¬ 
montory or mountain of Ionia, in 
Asia Minor, (221). 

Myndii, drum , m. pi. Myndian3, in¬ 
habitants of Myndus, (135). 

Myndus or os, i, f. Myndus, a city 
of Caria, in Asia Minor, now Mqq- 
des, (135). 

N 

Nam , conj. For. 

Nam-que, conj. For, but. 

Nanciscor , nancisci , nacim sum , dcp. 
To obtain, take advantage of. 

NarrOy are , dvi, dtum. To relate, 
narrate. 

Nascor , nasci , natus sum , dep. To 
be born, be produced, to arise. 

Natulis, e , (nascor). Of or belong¬ 
ing to one’s birth, natal; natulis 
dies, birth-day. 

Natio, dnis, f. Nation, peODle. 

Natu, defective, abl. sing, (nascor). 
By birth, in age; maximus natu, 
eldest. 134. 


9 



182 


LATIN READER. 


[Natura 


datura, ae, f. Nature, creation. 

Natus, a, um, part, (nascor). Born, 
having been born. 

Naturalis, e, (natura). Natural. 

Naufragium, ii, n.' (navis, fram o). 
Shipwreck. 

Nauiius. ii , m. Naudus, a Roman 
name; as, Caius Nauiius , the con¬ 
sul, (19, 11). 

Navdlis, e, (navis). Naval. 

Navigation onis , f. Navigation, sail¬ 
ing. 

Navlgo, are, avi, dtum. To sail, 
sail upon, navigate. 

Navis, is, f. Ship. 

Ne , adv., and conj. used with im¬ 
perative and subj. Not, that not, 
lest; after verbs of fearing , that, 
lest; nequidem , or we— quidem, 
not even. 

Afe, interrog. particle. 346, II. 1. 

iVec or neque, adv. and conj. Nei¬ 
ther, nor; and not, not; nec — 
nee, neque — neque , neither—nor. 

Necessarius, a, um. Necessary. 

Necesse , adj. neut. used chiefly in this 
form. Necessary, inevitable. 

Neco, are, avi, dtum. To slay, kill. 

Negligens, entis , (negligo). Negli¬ 
gent, neglectful. 

Negligo , ere, lexi, ledum. To neg 
lect, disregard. 

Nego, are , ari, To deny, re¬ 

fuse. 

Negotium , ii, n. Business, diffi¬ 
culty ; undertaking, work, enter¬ 
prise. 

Nemo , (m?«, gen. not in good use). 
No one, nobody. 

Nepos , o/is, m. Grandson. 

Neptunus, i, m. Neptune, the god 
of the sea, (155). 


| Neque. See Nee. 

NequeOf ire , vvi, or ii, itum, irreg. 
like eo. To be unable, not to be 
able. 296. 

Nequidem. See Ne. 

Nequis or ne quis , qua, quod , or 
quid. That no one. 

Nervii, drum, m. Nervians, a people 
of Belgic Gaul, (28). 

Nescio , ire, ivi or ii, itum, (ne, 
scio). To be ignorant, not to 
know. 

Nescius, a, um, (nescio). Ignorant, 
unknown. 

Nicias, ae , m. Nicias, an Athenian 
statesman and general, (223). 

Nicomedes, is, m. Nicomedes, king 
of Bithynia, (43). 

Niger, gra, grum. Dark, black, 
dusky. 

Nigrans, antis. Black, dusky. 

Nihil, n. indec. Nothing ; adv. not, 
in nothing. 128. 

Nihilum, i, n. Nothing. 

Nilus, i, m. The river Nile in 
Egypt, (211). 

Nimis, adv. Exceedingly, too much. 

Nimius, a, um. Excessive, too 
much, too great. 

Nisi, conj. Unless, if not, except. 

Nitco, nilere, nitui, (nix). To shine, 
glitter, glisten. 

Nitor, niti, nisus or nixus sum, dep. 
To strive, attempt; to depend or 
rely upon. 

Nix, nivis, f. Snow. 

Nobilis, e. Noble, famous. 

Nobihias, dtis, f. (nobilis). Fame, 
nobleness; nobility, nobles. 

Nobilito, dre, avi, dtum, (nobilis). 
To render famous; to ennoble; 
improve. 



NisaJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


183 


Noceo, ere, ui, Hunt. To hurt, harm, 
injure. 

Noctu, abl. By night. 

Nocturnus , a, um. Nocturnal, oc¬ 
curring at night. 

Nolo , no??e, nolui, irreg. To be un¬ 
willing. 293. 

Nomen t Inis, n. Name. 

Nomino, are, avi , dtum, (nomen). 
To name, call. 

Non , adv. Not; nonntsi, only. 

Nonagesimus , a, m Ninetieth. 

Nonaginta , indec. Ninety. 

Non-dum, adv. Not yet. 

Nonne , interrog. particle. Whether, 
expecting answer yes. 346, II. 
1. 

Nonnullus , a, «m, (declined like 
nullus). Some. 

Nonas , a, um. Ninth. 

Nosco, ere, novi, notum. To know, 
understand, learn. 

Nosier , ?ra, pron. Our. 

Notitia , ae, f. (notus). Celebrity, 
note; acquaintance, knowledge. 

Notus, a, m. part, (nosco). Known. 

Novem , indecl. Nine. 

Noverca , ae, f. Step-mother. 

Wovo, are, avi, a? am, (novus). To 
renew, change; revolutionize. 

Novus , a, um. New; novae res, 
revolution. 

iVos, nodis, f. Night. 

Nubes , is, f. Cloud. 

Nubo, ere , najosi, nuptum. To veil 
one’s self, to marry, applied to the 
bride as she was covered with a 
veil. 

Nudus , a, mw. Naked, uncovered, 
destitute of. 

Nullus, a, mw. No one, no. 151. 

Warn, interrog. particle. Whether, f 


nsec? 5oi/t in c?ircc£ ane? in indireci 
questions. See 346, II. 1. 

Numa , ae, m. Numa.Wama Pom- 
pilius, the second king of Rome, 
(169). 

Numantia , ae, f. Numantia, a city 
of Spain, (201). 

Numantlni, drum, m. pi. Numan- 
tians, the inhabitants of Numan¬ 
tia, (201). 

Numen , inis, n. A god, deity. 

Numero, are, avi, alum, (numerus). 
To count, reckon, number. 

Numerus , i, m. Number, quan¬ 
tity. 

Numida , ae, m. A Numidian, in¬ 
habitant of Numidia in Africa, 
(48). 

Numitor , oris, m. Numitor, a king 
of Alba, grandfather of Romulus 
and Remus, (154). 

Nummus , i, m. Money, a piece of 
money, a coin. 

Nunc. Now. 

Nuncupo , are, avi, afcm. To call, 
name. 

Nunquam. Never. 

Nuntio (or cio), are, avi, afem, (nun- 
tius). To announce, relate. 

Nuntius , ii, m. Message, news, mes¬ 
senger. 

Nuptiae, drum, f. pi. Marriage, 
nuptials. 

Nutrio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To 
nourish, support. 

Nutrix, ids, f. Nurse. 

Nympha, ae, f. Nymph, spouse. 

Nysa, ae, f. Nysa, a city in India, 
(242). 



184 


LATIN LEADER. 


0 . 

0, interj. 0! 

Ob , prep, with acc. On account of, 
for. 

Ob-duco , ere, duzi, ductum. To draw 
over, overspread, cover. 

Obedio , Ire , m or ii, lium. To obey, 
serve; be subject to. 

Ob-eo , ire, m or ii, i/wm. To meet; 
die. 295. 

Objecto , are, am, alum, (objicio). 
To expose, set forth; endanger. 
332, I. 

Objicio , ere, yeci, jectum , (ob, jacio). 
To expose, offer, present. 

Oblecto , are, dm, alum. To delight, 
divert, please. 

Ob-lrgo , are, am, atum. To bind, 
oblige, put under obligation. 

Oblitus , a, w, part, (obliviscor). 
Having forgotten, forgetful. 

Oblivio , onis, f. (obliviscor). For¬ 
getfulness, oblivion. 

Obliviscor , oblivisci , oblltus sum , dep. 
To forget. 

Ob-ruo, ere , rai, rutum. To destroy, 
overwhelm. 

Obscurus , a, m. Obscure, hidden; 
mean. 

Obsecro, are , am, d/am, (ob, sacro). 
To beseech, implore. 

O&ses, tefts, m. and f. Hostage. 

Obsideo , ere, see?i, sessum, (ob, se- 
deo). To besiege, invest. 

Obsidio, onis , f. (obsideo). Siege, 
blockade. 

Ob-sum , obesse y obfui. To be hurt¬ 
ful, be injurious, to injure. 

Ob-st 0 y stare , s/ift, stdtum. To op¬ 
pose, prevent. 


[0 

ObtemperatiOy onis , f. Submission, 
obedience. 

Ob-terOy ere , /rZm, tritum. To crush, 
wear down. 

ObtineOy ere , Zmai, tcntum, (ob, 
teneo). To obtain, hold, prevail. 

ObtingOy ere , Zo/i, taclum, (ob, tan¬ 
go). To befall, happen to. 

Ob-truncOy Urey avi , alum. To slaugh¬ 
ter. 

OccaecOy arc, dm', d/am, (ob, caeco). 
To darken, obscure, blind, dazzle. 

OccasiOy oniSy f. Opportunity, oc¬ 
casion. 

OccasuSy us, m. The setting of the 
heavenly bodies; setting, even¬ 
ing; the west. 

Oc-cldoy ere , cwft, cdsum t (ob, cado). 
To fall down, fall; to set; to 
perish, die, be ruined. 

OccldOy ere , cleft, clsum, (ob, caedo). 
To kill, slay. 

Occulte, iuSy issimey adv. (occultus). 
In secret, secretly. 

OccultuSy ay um. Secret, hidden; 
reserved, dissembling. 

OccupOy are , dm, d/am. To occupy, 
take possession of. 

OccurrOy ere , carW (cucurri), cur- 
sumiy (ob, curro). To meet, at¬ 
tack. 273, I. 2. 

OcednuSy i, m. Ocean. 

OctavidnuSy iy m. (Caesar). Octa- 
vianus, the first Roman emperor 
usually called Augustus after his 
victory at Actium, (213). 

OctavuSy a, am, (octo). Eighth. 

Octingentiy ae, a. Eight hundred. 

OctOy indecl. Eight. 

OctogesimuSy ay um. The eightieth. 

Ocloginta, indec. (octo). Eighty. 

OculuSy iy m. Eye. 




Orestes] 


LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 


185 


Odi, odme, defect. To hate; dis¬ 
like. 297. 

Odium , ii, n. Hatred, enmity. 

Oenomaus, i, m. Oenomaus, a cele¬ 
brated gladiator, (204). 

Offendoy grey fendiy fensum. To 
offend, injure. 

Offensus, a, um t (offendo). Offend¬ 
ed, hostile. 

OfferOy ferrey obtuli, obldtum, (ob, 
fero). To offer, show ; se offerre, 
to present one’s self, to offer 
one’s self, sometimes as an antago¬ 
nist, to oppose; expose one’s self. 

Officium, iiy n. Office, duty, kind¬ 
ness, kind office. 

Olimy adv. Formerly. 

OlympiacuSy Olympicus or Olym- 
piusy a, urn. Olympic, (134). 

OlyntkuSy iy f. Olynthus, a city of 
Thrace. 

Olynthiiy arum , m. pi. The Olyn- 
thians, (231). 

Omeriy Inis, n. Omen, sign. 

OmittOy grey misi, missum, (ob, mit- 
to). To let go, omit, neglect, dis¬ 
regard. 

Omnisy e. All, every, whole. 

Oneraria, ae, f. (onus). Ship of 
burden. 

OngrOy are, dvi, dturny (onus). To 
burden, load, oppress. 

OnustuSy a, um, (onus). Laden, full 
of. 

Opera, dCy f. Pains, work, labor; 
care, attention; means. 

OplmuSy dy um. Rich, fertile. 

Oportety impers. It behooves, one 
ought. 299. 

Opperiory opperlri, oppertus or op- 
perltus sum , dep. To wait for, 
await. 


OppidanuSy d, um , (oppidum). In¬ 
habitant of a town, citizen. 

Oppidum, iy n. Town, city. 

OpportunitaSy atiSy f. (opportQnus). 
Opportunity, fitness. 

Opportunus, dy um. Suitable, fit. 

OpprimOy grey pressiy pressum , (ob, 
premo). To put down, defeat, 
overcome ; suppress ; oppress. 

OppugnOy are, am, atum , (ob, pug- 
no). To attack, storm, take by 
storm. 

(Ops)y opiSy f., nom. sing, not used. 
Power, resources, wealth, force, 
aid. 

OptdbiliSy e, (opto). Wished for, 
desirable. 

OptlmuSy dy am, superl. (bonus). 
Best, most excellent. 

OptiOy dniSy f. Choice, option. 

Opto, are, avi, atum. To wish, de¬ 
sire; ask. 

OpulenSy entiSy or opulentus , a, um, 
adj. Wealthy, rich. 

Opus, grisy n. Work. 

Opus, nom. and accus. Need, ne¬ 
cessary thing, necessary. 

Ora, ae, f. The shore, coast. 

Oraculum , i, n. Response, ora¬ 
cle. 

Oratio, onis , f. (oro). Oration, 
speech, language. 

Orator, oris , m. (oro). Orator, mes¬ 
senger. 

Orbis, is, m. Circle, world; orbis 
terrdrum , the world. 

Ordino, are , dvi, dtum, (ordo). To 
arrange, establish. 

Ordo, inis , m. Row, rank, order; 
bank as of oars ; extra ordinem, 
out of the common course. 

Orestes , is, and ae, m. Orestes, son 



136 


LATIN HEADER. 


[OllIENS 


of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, 
(«)• 

Oriens, entis, (orior). Rising; the 
morning, the east, the countries 
of the east, the Orient, (213). 

Orxgo , inis , f. Origin, source. 

Orior, orlri , or£as swm, dep. To 
rise, appear, dawn. 288, 2. 

Ornamentum , i, n. Equipage, or¬ 
nament, jewel. 

Orno, are, <m, atum. To adorn, 
equip. 

Oro, are , ari, atum. To beg, ask, 
speak. 

Ortus, us, m. (orior). A rising; 
place of rising, the east; birth; 
beginning. 

Os, ossis, n. Bone. 

Osculor, ari, atus sum. To kiss. 

Ostendo, &re, di, sum or turn. To 
show. 

Ostentum, i, n. (ostendo). Prodigy. 

Ostia, ae, f. Ostia, a town at the 
mouth of the Tiber, (161). 

Ostium, ii , n. Mouth, door. 

Otium, ii, n. Leisure, rest, ease, 
idleness. 

Ovis, is, f. Sheep. 

Ovum, i, n. Egg. 

P. 

P. An abbreviation of Publius. 

Paco, are, ave, atum (pax). To sub¬ 
due. 

Pactum, i, n. Bargain, contract; 
all. pacto, way, manner. 

Padus, i, m. River Po in Italy, (55). 

Paene, adv. Almost. 

Paemtet, ere, paenituit, impers. It 
causes regret; paemtet me, it 
causes me to repent, I repent, am 
sorry for, regret. 


’ Palam , adv. Openly. 

Palatium, ii, n. Palace. 

Pallium, ii , n. Cloak, coat, gar¬ 
ment. ■ 

Pango , ere, pepigi , pactum. To con 
tract, ratify. 

Papirius, ii, n. See Cursor. 

Par, paris, adj. Equal, a match for, 
competent for. 

Pardtus, a, um, (paro). Prepared, 
ready. 

Parco, ere, peperd or parsi , par- 
sum. To spare. 

Parens , entis, m. and f. Parent. 

Parento, are, avi, alum, (parens). 
To sacrifice in honor of parents 
or friends. 

Parco, ere, ui, itum. To obey, be 
subject to. 

Pario, ere, peperi, partum. To 
bear, bring forth, produce, lay, 
accomplish, procure. 

Paro, are, avi, atum. To prepare, 
equip. 

Pars, partis, f. Part, portion ; party. 

Parsimonia, ae, f. Frugality, par¬ 
simony. 

Partlceps, participis, (pars, capio). 
Sharing, partaking, participant. 

Partim. Partly, in part; partim — 
partim, some—others, either— 
or. 

Partior, iri, itus sum, dep. To di¬ 
vide, share. 1 

Parum, comp, minus, superl. mi- 
nime, adv. Too little, little, not 
enough. 305. 

Parvus, a, um, comp, minor, su¬ 
perl. minimus. Small, little, un¬ 
important. 

Pasco, tire, pavi, pastum. To feed, 
graze. 




Perduco] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


187 


Pascor, pasd, pastus sum, dep. To 
feed, graze, graze upon. 

Passer , era, m. Sparrow. 

Passus, us, m. Pace; mille passus, 
a mile. 

Pastor , oris, m. (pasco). Shepherd. 

Patefado, ire, feci, factum , (pateo, 
facio). To disclose, lay open, 
open. 

Pateo , ere, m. To lie open, be ex¬ 
posed. 

Pater, tris , m. Father, sometimes 
senator. 

Patcrnus, a, um, (pater). Paternal. 

Patior , passus sum , dep. To 
permit, keep, endure. 

Patria, ae, f. Country, native 
country. 

Patrimonium , ii, n. Estate, patri¬ 
mony. 

Patrius, a , wm, (pater). Fatherly. 

Patruus, i, m. Uncle by the father’s 
side, paternal uncle. 

Paud , ae, a. Few. 

Paulatim , adv. By degrees, grad¬ 
ually. 

Paulus or Paullus, i, m. Paulus, a 
surname in the Aemilian gens or 
tribe. Lucius Aemilius Paulus, 
the name of two Roman consuls, 
one of whom fell in the battle of 
Cannae, (191); the other conquer¬ 
ed Perseus at Pydna, (198). 

Paulo, adv. (paulus). A little, by a 
little. 

Paulus, a, um. Little, small. 

Pauper, eris. Poor, without means; 
scanty, meagre. 

Pausanias, ae, m. Pausanias, the 
leader of the Spartans in the bat¬ 
tle of Plataea, (221). 

Pax, pads, f. Peace. 


Pectus, oris, n. Breast. 

Pecunia, ae, f. Money, sum of 
money. 

Pecus, oris, n. Flock, herd, cattle. 

Pedes, itis, m. Foot-soldier; plur. 
infantry. 

Pedcster, iris, tre. Pedestrian, on 
foot, on land; pedestres copiae, 
infantry forces. 

Pellido, ere, lexi, ledum. To allure, 
cajole. 

Pellis, is, f. Skin, hide. 

Pello, ere, pepuli, pulsum. To 
drive. 

Pelopidas, ae, m. Pelopidas, a 
celebrated Theban general, (280). 

Penarius, a, um. Of or for provi¬ 
sions ; cella penaria, granary. 

Pendeo, ere, pependi. To hang, be 
suspended. 

Penetro, are, dvi, dtum. To pen¬ 
etrate. 

Penxtus, adv. Inwardly; fully, en¬ 
tirely. 

Per, prep, with acc. Through, by, 
during. 

Per-curro, ere, percucurri or per- 
curri, cursum. To run through, 
pass over. 

Percussor , oris, m. Assassin, mur¬ 
derer. 

Perdiccas or Perdicca, ae, m. Per- 
diccas, one of the most distin¬ 
guished generals of Alexander the 
Great, (97). 

Perditus, a, um, (perdo). Lost, 
abandoned, desperate. 

Per-do, ere, didi, ditum. To destroy, 
waste, lose. 

Per-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To 
conduct, bring to, to extend, 
build, make. 





1S8 


LATIN HEADER. 


[Pkrexnis 


Perennw, e, (per, annus). Continual, 
perpetual. 

Per-co, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. Ter per¬ 
ish. 295. 

Per-exiguus , a, um. Very small, 
very little. 

Pcr-fero, ferre, tali, latum. To carry 
through ; bear ; suffer. 

Perjidia, ae, f. Perfidy. 

Per go, ere, rexi, rectum , (per, rego). 
To go on or to, persevere. 

Pericles , m. Pericles, a cele¬ 

brated Athenian, orator and states¬ 
man, (222). 

Periculasus , a, «m, (p eric alum). 
Dangerous. 

Periculum, i, n. Danger, peril. 

Perltus, a, um. Skilled in, skilful. 

Per-magnus , a, um. Yery great. 

Per-mitto , ere, mm, missum. To 
send ; grant, permit; permittUur , 
impers., it is permitted. 

Per-multus, a , wm. Yery much, 
very many. 

Per mulatto, cnis, f. Exchange, 
barter. 

Pcr-pauus , a, Pew, very 

few. 

Per-petro. are, avi , atom. To finish, 
achieve. 

Perpeluo, adv. (perpetuus). Con¬ 
stantly, ever. 

Perpetuus , a, m Perpetual, con¬ 
stant. 

Persa, ae. or Perses, ae, m. A Per¬ 
sian, (44, II. ; 126). 

Per-scqunr, sequi, secutus sum, dep. 
To follow, pursue, carry on, pro¬ 
secute. 

Perseus, i, or Perses, ae, m. Per¬ 
seus or Perses, the last king of 
Macedonia, (198). 


Persevcro, are, avi, atum. To per¬ 
severe, persist. 

Persicus, a, um. Persian, (50, 18). 

Persona, ae, f. Part, character, 
person. 

Perspicio, ere, sjiexi, spectum, (per, 
specio). To perceive. 

Per stringo, ere, strinxi, strictum. 
To graze, wound slightly. 

Per-suadeo, ere, suasi, suasum. To 
persuade. 

Per-terrco, ere, ui, Xtum. To terrify 
greatly. 

Pertineo, ere, tinui, (per, teneo). To 
pertain to, tend. 

Per-turbo, are, avi, atum. To dis¬ 
turb, throw into confusion, route, 
embarrass. 

Per-utilis, e. Yery useful. 

Per-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To 
reach, come to. 

Perverse , adv. Perversely, wrongly. 

Pes, pedis, m. Foot. 

Peto, ere, Ivi or ii, Hum. To seek, 
ask ; aim at; attack. 

Phaethon, ontis, m. Phaethon, fa¬ 
bled son of Helios the sun, (71). 

Phalerae, arum, f. pi. Trappings, 
ornaments for horses. 

Phallrum, i, n. Phalcrum, the 
oldest harbor of Athens ; often 
called Phalcricus porlus. 

Pharnaces, is, m. Pharnaces, son 
of Mithridates, (205). 

Pharsalus, i, f. Pharsalus, a city in 
Thessaly, where Pompey was de¬ 
feated by Caesar, (210). The dis¬ 
trict was called Pharsalia. 

Philippi, arum, m. pi. Philippi, a 
city in Macedonia, (218). 

Pkilippus, i, m. Philip, the name 
of several Macedonian kings, the 




Pom pei anus] 


LATIN"-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


ISO 


most celebrated of whom was the 
father of Alexander the Great, 
(140, 230). 

Philosophic ae, f. Philosophy. 

Philosophus , i, m. Philosopher. 

Phyle, es, f. Phyle, a castle in At¬ 
tica, (228). 

Picenum , i, n. Picenum, a district 
in the eastern part of Italy. 

Picenus , a, um, {Picenum). Of or 
belonging to Picenum, Picene, 
(23, 19). 

Pittas , atis, f. Dutiful conduct, 
sense of duty; affection; loyalty; 
piety. 

Pi get, ere, piguit or pigitum est, im- 
pers. It irks, grieves, displeases. 
299. 

Pingo, ere, pinxi, pictum. To paint, 
depict. 

Piraeus , or Piraecus, ?, m. The 
Piraeus, the celebrated port of 
Athens, (228). 

Pirata, ae, m. Pirate. 

Piscis , ?s, m. A fish. 

P/«s, i, m. See Metellus Pius , 
(138). 

Placeo , ere, m', tto. To please, be 
pleasing to; be determined. 

Placidus , a, «m, (placeo). Quiet, 
gentle. 

F'laco, are , <m, To quiet, 

soothe, calm, appease. 

Plancus , i, m. Plancus, a Roman 
name, (42, 9). 

Plalaeae , arum , f. pi. Plataea, a 
city in Boeotia, (221). 

Plalaeenses , m. pi. The Pla- 

taeans, the inhabitants of Plataea, 
(216). 

P/afo, 6m\s, m. Plato, one of the 
most celebrated Grecian philoso¬ 


phers, disciple of Socrates, and in¬ 
structor of Aristotle, (81). 

P<fefis, fits, f. Common people, 
people. 

Picnics, a, wjw. Full, possessed of, 
rich in. 

Plerumque , adv. (plerusque). Com-) 
monly, generally, frequently. 

Plerusque , unique. Most, 

many. 

Plurimus. See Multus. 

Plus , adv. More. 

P/os, wrts, n. adj. More, />£. many, 
several. See Multus. 

Poculum, i, n. Cup. 

Poema , afo's, n. Poem. 

Poena , as, f. Punishment. 

Poenus, i, m. A Carthaginian, (185). 

Poeta, ae, m. Poet. 

Polliceor, eri , ftas sum, dep. To 
promise, offer. 

Pollux, ucis, m. Pollux, a cele¬ 
brated pugilist, brother of Castor, 
(63, 9). According to some au¬ 
thorities, he was the son of Tyn- 
darus, but according to others, 
he was the son of Jupiter. See 
Castor. 

Polycrates, is, m. Polycrates, a ce¬ 
lebrated tyrant of Samos, (24,12). 

Pompa , ae, f. Pomp, public proces¬ 
sion, procession. 

Pompeius, ii, m. Pompey, the name 
of a Roman gens. Cnaeus Pom¬ 
peius, a Roman consul and a dis¬ 
tinguished commander, defeated 
by Caesar at Pharsalia, (205). 
Quintus Pompeius, also consul and 
commander, defeated in several 
engagements by the Numantines, 
( 201 ). 

Pompeianus, a, um, adj. (Pompeius). 




190 


LATEST HEADER. 


[Pom pi li-us 


Pompeian, of or belonging to Pom- 
pey, (211). 

Pompilius, ii, m. See Numa. 

Pontius, eris, n. Weight. 

Pono, ere, posui, posltum. To place, 
build, pitch. 

Pons, Pontis, m. Bridge. 

Pontius, ii, m. Pontius, a Roman 
name. Pontius Thelesinus, a gen¬ 
eral of the Samnites, who con¬ 
quered the Romans at the Caudine 
Forks, (179). 

Ponius, i, m. Pontus, a province in 
Asia Minor, south of the Black 
Sea, (202). 

Populatio, dnis, f. (populo). Pillag¬ 
ing, booty; people, population. 

Populo, are, avi, atum, (populus). 
To depopulate, devastate, pillage; 
populor, dep.t= populo. 

Populus, i, m. People, nation, 
tribe. 

Porrigo, ere, rexi, rectum. To ex¬ 
tend, stretch. 

Porsena, ae, m. Porsena, a king of 
Etruria in Italy, (171). 

Porta, ae, f. Gate. 

Portendo, ire, tendi, tentum. To 
portend. 

Portio, onis, f. Portion, share. 

Portus, us, m. Port, harbor. 

Posco, ere, poposci. To demand, 
ask. 

Possessio, onis, f. (possideo). Pos¬ 
session. 

Possideo, ere, sedi, sessum. To pos¬ 
sess. 

Possum, posse, potui, irreg. To be 
able. 289. 

Post, adv., and prep, with acc. Af¬ 
terwards, after, behind, since. 

Post-ea, adv. Afterwards. 


Posteritas, dtis, f. (posterus). Pos¬ 
terity. 

Posterns, a, um; comp, posterior, 
superl. postremus, postumus. Fol- 
lowing, ensuing; posteri, pos¬ 
terity, descendants; postremo, ad 
postremum, at last. 163, 3. 

Post-fero, ferre. To place after, 
esteem less; sacrifice. 

Post-pGno, ere, posui, positum. To 
put after, esteem less, postpone; 
disregard, neglect. 

Post-quam, or post quam, conj. Af¬ 
ter, after that. 

Postremo , adv. (postremus). At last, 
finally. 

Postremus, a, um. The last; ad 
postremum, at last, finally. See 
posterus. 

Postridie, adv. On the following day. 

Postulo, are, avi, atum. To demand. 

Postumius, ii, m. Postumius, the 
name of a Roman gens or clan. 
Aulus Postumius, a Roman in 
whose consulship the first Punic 
war was brought to a close, (89, 
188). Spurius Postumius, a Ro¬ 
man consul, defeated by the Sam¬ 
nites at the Caudine Forks, (179). 

Potens, entis, (possum). Able, pow¬ 
erful. 

Potentia, ae, f. Might, force, power, 
ability. 

Potestas, atis, f. (potens). Power. 

Potior, potiri, potltus sum, dep. To 
obtain, get possession of. 

Poiis, e, comp, potior, superl. potis- 
simus. Able, capable, possible. 

Potius, potissime, adv. (potis); po¬ 
sitive not used. Rather than. 

Prae, prep, with abl. Before, for, 
on account of, in comparison with. 




Praetervehok] LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULAEY. 


191 


Pracbeo , ire, ui, xtum. To show, 
furnish. 

Prae-cedo, %re, cessi , cessum. To pre¬ 
cede, surpass, outstrip. 

Pracceptor,*6i'is, m. (praecipio). Pre¬ 
ceptor, commander, teacher. 

Praeccptum , i, n. (praecipio). Max¬ 
im, rule, precept. 

Praecipio , Ire, cepi , ccptum (prae, 
capio). To admonish, advise, 
order. 

Praecipitium , «, n. Precipice. 

Praccipito , <2re, dvi, dtum. To 
throw down, precipitate. 

Praecipuus , a, wn. Remarkable, 
prominent, special. 

Praecldre , ?ws, issime , adv. (precla- 
rus). Excellently, nobly. 

Prae-cldrus , a, Excellent, no¬ 

ble, distinguished, illustrious. 

Praeclfido , ere, eft'm, clusum , (prae, 
claudo). To hinder, preclude, 
cut off. 

Praeco, dnis, m. Herald, crier. 

Praeda , ae, f. Prey, booty. 

JPrae-dlco , ere, eftx?, dictum. To pre¬ 
dict, forewarn. 

Praedidum , ?', n. (praedico). Predic¬ 
tion, warning. 

Praeditus, a , m Endued with, 
possessed of. 

Praedor , an, atos swm, (praeda). 
To plunder. 

Prae-fari , defective. To predict, 
prophesy; say. 297, II. 3. 

Praefcdus , i, m. Commander, pre¬ 
fect. 

Prae-fero, ferre , toft, latum. To pre¬ 
fer, choose; carry or bear before. 

Praeficio , ere, /ec?, fedum, (prae, 
facio). To place over, put in 
command. 


Prae-lego , ere, ledum. To read 
to another, to read aloud, to 
lecture. 

Prae-mitto , ere, mis?, missum. To 
send forward, send in advance. 

Praemium, it, n. Reward, premium. 

Praenesle , ?'«, n. Praeneste, a town 
in Latiura, (182). 

Prac-pono , ere, posui, posxtum. To 
place over, intrust with. 

Pracsens , enfts. Present; praesentia , 
orwm, n. pi. present things, the 
present. 

Praesentia , ae, f. (praesens). Pres¬ 
ence. 

Praeses , lefts, adj. Presiding, ruling, 
chief; s??6s. head, chief, ruler, 
governor. 

Prciesidium , ??, n. Guard, garrison. 

Pracstabllis , e. Preeminent, distin¬ 
guished, excellent. 

Praestans , anfts, (praesto). Excel¬ 
lent, eminent 

Praestantia , ae, f. Superiority, pre¬ 
eminence. 

Praesto , are, sfift, Itom, (prae, sto). 
To surpass, be superior to; fur¬ 
nish, do, pay, render (as service); 
evince, show, give. 

Prae-sum , esse, /«?'. To preside 
over, command. 

Prae-lendo , £re, lencft, tentum. To 
pretend, allege. 

Praeter, prep, with acc. Except, 
besides. 

Praeter-ea, adv. Besides, moreover. 

Praeter-eo , Ire, m or ft, Item. To 
pass by, omit. 295. 

Practeritus , a, am, (praetereo). Gone 
by, past; praeterita , arum, n. pi. 
the past. 

Praeter-vthor , ve7ft, rectos swm, dep. 




102 


LATIN READER. 


[Praetorius 


To be borne over or by ; to drive 
or sail by; to pass by. 

Praetorius, a, um, (praetor). Prae¬ 
torian, belonging to a praetor or 
general; praetorius, subs, one who 
has been praetor. 

Prae-video , ere, vidi, visum. To 
foresee. 

Pratum, i, n. Meadow, pasture. 

Pravus , a, urn. Depraved, bad. 

Preces, um, f. pi. dat. acc. and abl. 
sing, also occur. Prayers, en¬ 
treaties. 

Precor, dri, dtus mm. To beseech, 
pray. 

Premo, ere, prcssi, pressum. To 
press, urge. 

Pretium, ii , n. Price, worth. 

Pridie, adv. On the day before. 

Primo, primum, adv. (primus). At 
first, first; quam primum, as soon 
as possible. 

Primus, a, um, superl. (prior). First. 
166. 

Princeps, ipis, m. Prince, ruler; 
chief man. 

Principatus, us, m. Sovereignty, 
imperial power. 

Principium, ii, n. Beginning. 

Prior, us. Former, previous. 166. 

Prisons, i, m. Priscus, the surname 
of Lusius Tarquinius, the fifth 
king of Rome, (162). 

Pristinus, a, um. Ancient, pristine. 

Prius, adv. Before, first; prius- 
quam or prius quam , before that, 
before. 

Privdtus, a, um. Private, personal, 
mbs. a private citizen. 

Pro, prep, with abl. Before, in 
front of; for, in behalf of, instead 
of, as ; pro hoste, as an enemy. 


Probatio, onis, f. Approbation, 
proof. 

Probdtus, a, um, (probo). Tried, 
tested, proved, approved. 

Probitas, atis, f. (probus)* Honesty, 
probity, integrity. 

Probo, are, avi, dtum, (probus). To 
prove, show; approve. 

Probus, a, um. Upright, honest. 

Procas, ae , m. Procas, a Roman 
name. Silvius Procas, a king of 
Alba, (151). 

Pro-cedo, ire, cessi, cessnm. To step 
forth, to advance, proceed, come 
on, succeed. 

Procillus, i, m. Procillus, a young 
man sent by Caesar to Ariovistus, 
(52). 

Pro-clamo, are, avi, dtum. To cry 
out, proclaim. 

Pro-consul, ulis, m. Proconsul, one 
with the authority of consul. 

Procul, adv. At a distance, far 
off. 

Pro-curo , are, avi, dtum. To attend 
to, have the care of. 

Pro-curro , ere, curri (cucurri), cur' 
sum. To run forth, project. 

Proditio , onis, f. (prodo). Treach¬ 
ery, treason. 

Proditor, oris , m. (prodo). Traitor. 

Pro-do, ere , dldi, ddum. To disclose, 
betray. 

Pro-ditco, ire, duxi, duclum. To 
lead forth, produce. 

Proelium, ii, n. Battle, conflict. 

Profecto, adv. Indeed, truly. 

Proficiscor, proficisd, profectus sum. 
To depart, set out, go. 

Projligo, are , avi, dtum, (pro, fligoX 
To overthrow, ruin. 

Pro-fundo, ire, fadi, fusum. Tg 



Publius] 


L ATEN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


193 


pour out, spend; throw away, 
lavish, dissipate. 

Progredior , gredi, gressus sum , dep. 
(pro, gradior). To proceed, ad¬ 
vance. 

Prohibeo, ere , ui, tte, (pro, habeo). 
To prohibit, prevent. 

Promissus , a, am, (promitto). Grow¬ 
ing long, long. 

Pro-mitto, dre, misi, missum. To 
send forth, promise. 

Promontorium , ii, n. Promontory. 

Promptm , a, am. Prompt, ready. 

Pro-nuntio , are, am, atom. To pub¬ 
lish, proclaim, announce; recite, 
declaim; act, tell, narrate. 

Propdgo , are, am, dtum. To prop¬ 
agate ; prolong. 

Prope , adv., and prep, with acc. 
Near, nearly, near to, close by, 
near. 

Propcro , are, am, dtum. To hasten. 

Propior, ius. Nearer. See 166. 

Propius , adv. Nearer. 

Pro-pono , ere, posui, positum. To 
set forth, state, propose. 

Proprius , a, «». Peculiar, proper, 
one’s own, characteristic of. 

Propter , prep, with acc. For, on 
account of. 

Propter-ca , adv. Therefore, on that 
account. 

Pro-pulso , are, am, alum. To repel, 
ward off. 

Prora , ae, f. Prow, forepart of a 
ship. 

Prorsus, adv. Uninterruptedly, 
straight on, absolutely. 

Pro-rumpo , ere, riljm, rupium. To 
rush or break forth. 

Pro-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripium. To 
proscribe, outlaw. 


Prosilio , ire, iz or wi, (pro, salio). 
To leap up, spring forth. 

Prospere , ias, rime, adv. (prosperus). 
Happily, prosperously. 

Prosperus , a, m. Favorable, for¬ 
tunate, prosperous. 

Prospicio , ere, spezi, spectum , (pro,, 
specio). To look forward, look, 
see; look out for, take care of, 
provide for ; discern, descry. 

Prosier no, ere , strdvi , stratum , (pro, 
sterno). To prostrate, overthrow. 

Pro-sum , prodesse , profui. To pro¬ 
fit, avail, be useful. 

Protinus , adv. Directly, imme¬ 
diately after. 

Pro-video , ere, mc?z, visum. To pro¬ 
vide, be on one’s guard. 

Providus , a, wm, (provideo). Fore¬ 
seeing, prudent, cautious, provi¬ 
dent. 

Provincia , ae, f. Province. 

Provocation onis , f. (provbco). Chal¬ 
lenge, appeal. 

Provoco, are, dvi , ata. To chal¬ 
lenge, appeal. 

Prozimus, a , am. Nearest, next. 
166. 

Prudens , eztfzs. Prudent, wise, learn¬ 
ed, skilled. 

Prudentia , ae, f. (prudens). Pru¬ 
dence. 

Ptolemaeus , i, m. Ptolemy, the 
name of several kings of Egypt, 
(211). 

Publicula, ae, m. Publicola, the 
surname of Valerius , one of the 
first consuls at Rome, (169). 

Publicus , a, am. Public. 

Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Roman 
name; as, Publius Rutilius Rufus, 
(139). 




104 


LATIN READER. 


[PUDEI 


Pudet, ere, puduit, pud iturn est, im- 
pers. It shames; pudet me, it 
shames me, I am ashamed. 

Pudor, oris, m. Regard, respect, 
modesty, awe, shame. 

Puella, ae, f. Girl. 

Puer, eri, m. Boy. 

•Puerllis, e, (puer). Boyish, youth¬ 
ful. 

Pueritia, ae, f. (puer). Boyhood. 

Pugio, onis, m. Dagger, poniard. 

Pugna, ae, f. Battle. 

Pugno, are, avi, alum. To fight. 

Pulcher, chra, chrum. Beautiful. 

Pulvillus, i, m. Pulvillus. Hora- 
tius Pulvillus, a Roman consul in 
the first year after the banishment 
of Tarquin, (170). 

Pumilio, onis, m. and f. Dwarf, 
pigmy. 

Punicus, a, um, (Poeni). Punic, 
Carthaginian, belonging to Car¬ 
thage or the Carthaginians. (196). 

Punio, Ire, Ivi, Itum. To punish. 

Pupillus, i, m. Pupil. 

Puppis, is f.' The stern, the hinder 
part of a ship. 

Pusillus, a, um. Small, weak; little. 

Puto, are, avi, atum. To think, 
imagine, esteem. 

Pydna, ae, f. Pydna, a town of 
Macedonia, celebrated for the 
victory of Paulus over Perseus, 
(198). 

Pyrenaeus, i, m. The Pyrenees, a 
range of mountains between 

, France and Spain, (190). 

Pyrrhus, i, m. Pyrrhus, a king of 
Epirus, (183). 

Pythagoras, ae, m. Pythagoras, a 
celebrated philosopher of Samos, 
(94). 


Pythia, ae, f. Pythia, the priestess 
of-Apollo, at Delphi, (217). 

Q. 

Q. or Qu. An abbreviation of 
Quintus. 

Quadragesimus, a, um, (quadragfn 
ta). Fortieth. 

Quadraginta, indecl. Forty. 

Quadriga, ae, f. Chariot, four-horse 
chariot. 

Quadringentcsimus, a, um, (quad- 
ringenti). The four hundredth. 

Quadringenti, ae, a. Four hun¬ 
dred. 

Quaero or quaeso, ere, quaesivi , 
quaesltum. To seek, inquire, ask, 
implore. QuaerXtur, impers. It 
is asked, the question is asked. 

Qualis, e. What, what sort; tails 
— qualis, such—as. 

Quam, adv. and conj. How; as, 
than, after: quam multi, how 
many; with superl. intensive, 
quam maximus, as great as possi¬ 
ble. 

Quam-diu, adv. How long, as long 
as. 

Quam-quam , conj. Although, 
though. 

Quam-vis. However, however much, 
though. 

Quantus, a, um. How great, how 
much; tantus — quantus, so great 
as; quanto, by how much, as. 

Qua-re. Wherefore, whereby. 

Quartus, a, um. Fourth. 

Quasi. As if. 

Quaterni, ae, a, distributive. Four 
by four, four at a time, four each 
174, 2. 



Quondam] 


Latin-english VOCABULARY. 


195 


Quatio , ere , quassi , quassum. To 
shake. 

Quatriduum , n. (quattuor, dies). 

Space of four days, four days. 

Quattuor , indecl. Four. 

Quattuordecim , indecl. (quattuor, 
decern). Fourteen. 

appended to another word. 
And. 587,1. 3. 

Quem-ad-modum , adv. In what man¬ 
ner, how, as. 

Querela , ae, f. (queror). Complaint. 

Queror , queri, questus sum , dep. To 
complain. 

Qui, quae , oirnc?, rel. and interrog. 
Who, which, what, 
conj. Because. 

Quicunque (or cumque) quaecun- 
que , quodcunque. Whoever, 
whatever. 

Quidam , quaedam, quoddam or 
quiddam. A certain one, certain. 

Quidem. Indeed. 

Quies, f. Rest, quiet. 

Quiesco , ere, quievi , quietum , (quies). 
To rest, repose, keep quiet. 

Quietus , «, mw, (quiesco). Quiet, at 
rest. 

Qui-libet , quaelibet, quodlibd , indef. 
pron. Any one, any. 

That not, but that, that. 

Quinctius, w, m. Quinctius. 
Quinctius, a Roman general at 
the time the city was threatened 
by the Gauls, 321 B. C. (177). 

Quinctius Flaminius gained 
the victory at Cynoscephalae, 
(197). 

Quindecim , indecl. Fifteen. 

Quingentesimus, a, um, (quingenti). 
The five hundreth. 

Quingenti, ae, a. Five hundred. 


Quinquagesimus, «, (quinqua- 
ginta). Fiftieth. 

Quinquaginta, indecl. Fifty. 

Quinque , indecl. Five. 

Quinquennium , n, n. Five years, 
space of five years. 

Quintus, a, mw. Fifth. 

Quintus , i, m. Quintus, a common 
Roman name; as, Quintus Mo¬ 
dus Scaevola, (172). 

Quippe , conj. Indeed. 

<2wis, g-wae, quid? interrog. pron. 
Who, which, what ? 

quid, indef. pron. Some 
one, any one. 190, 1. 

Quisnam or quinam , quaenam , 
quodnam or quidnam. Who, 
which, what. 

Quispiam, quaepiam , quodpiam, 
and subs, quidpiam or quippiam , 
indef. pron. Any one, any 
body, any; some one, some thing, 
some. 

Quis-quam , quaequam , quidquam or 
quicquam. Any, any one. 

Quis-que, quaeque , quodque or 
gwe. Every, every one, whoever, 
whatever; with superl ., intensive , 
primo quoque tempore , on the 
very first opportunity. 

Quis-quis , quacquae , quidquid or 
quicquid. Whoever, whatever. 

$wo. Where, whither, that, in 
order that. 

Quo-ad. Till, until, as long as, as 
far as. 

conj. That, because. 

Quominus , (quo, minus). That not, 
from. 

Quomodo, adv. (quo, modo). How, 
by what means. 

Quondam, adv. Formerly. 




196 


LATIN READER. 


[Quoqub 


Quoque. Also, too. 

Quot, adj. pi. indec. How many, as 
many, as; all. 

Quot-annis. Every year, yearly. 

Quotidie. Daily, every day. 

Quotus , a, um. Of what number, 
how many ; what, often applied to 
the hour of the day. 

Quum or cum. When, since ; 
though ; quum — turn , not only— 
but also, both—and; rarely either 
—or. 

R. 

Rabies, ei , f. Madness, rage. 

Radix, ids, f. Root, foot, base, as 
of a mountain. 

Ramus, i, m. Branch. 

Rapina, ae , f. Rapine, plunder. 

Rapio, ere, rapui, raptum. To rob, 
carry off. 

Raptor, oris, m. (rapio). Robber, 
plunderer. 

Raro, adv. (rarus). Rarely, seldom. 

Rarus, a, um. Rare, uncommon. 

Ratio, onis , f. A calculating, think¬ 
ing ; reason, understanding ; plan, 
method, kind. 

Ratis, is, f. Raft. 

Re-bello, are, avi, Citum. To rebel. 

Re-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To with¬ 
draw, recede, retire. 

Recens, entis. Recent, fresh, young, 
new. 

Recipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (re, capio). 
To receive, recover, resume; se 
redp&re, to betake one’s self, 
withdraw. 

Rccito, are, avi, citum , (re, cito). 
To repeat, recite. 

Recognosco, ere, novi, nitum, (re, 
cognosco). To recognize. 


Recorddtio, onis, f. (recordor). Re¬ 
collection, remembrance. 

Recordor, ari, atus sum , dep. To 
recollect. 

Rede, ius, issime, adv. (rectus). 
Rightly. 

Rector, oris, m. (rego). Director,- 
ruler. 

Rectum, i, n. (rectus). Right. 

Rectus, a, um, (rego). Straight, 
right, correct. 

Recupero, are, avi, citum. To re¬ 
gain. 

Red-do, ere, dldi, ditum. To re¬ 
store, return ; make ; render, re¬ 
peat, recite, give up, resign; as¬ 
sign. 

Red-eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go 
back, return. 295. 

Redigo, ere, egi, actum , (red, ago). 
To force, reduce, compel. 

Redimo, ere, cmi, emptum, (red, 
emo). To ransom. 

Reditus, us, m. (redeo). Return, 
revenue. 

Re-duco, Sre, duxl, ductum. To lead 
back, reduce. 

Red-undo, are, avi, alum. To over¬ 
flow ; to abound. 

Re-ferdo, ire, fersi, fertum, (re, far- 
cio). To fill, stuff, cram. 

Rc-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, (re- 
fero). To bring back, requite, 
return, render, place among, re¬ 
fer; refert , imps, it concerns, 
matters. 

Refertus, a, um, part, (refercio). 
Filled. 

Ref do, ere, fed, fectum., (re, facio). 
To repair, restore; recover. 

Refluo, ere, fluxi, fluxum, (re, fluo). 
To flow back. 




RasroxDF.o] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


197 


Refugio, ere,fugi,fugitum. To re¬ 
treat. 

Regina, ae, f. Queen. 

Regio, onis, f. Region, country. 

Regius, a, um, (rex). Royal. 

Regno, are, dvi, dtu?n, (regnum). 
To reign, rule. 

Regnum, i, n. (rex). Kingdom, 
sovereignty, government. 

Rego, ere, rexi, rectum. To direct, 
rule, manage. 

Regredior, gredi, gressus sum, dep. 
(re, gradior). To return. 

Regula, ae, f. (rego). Rule, pattern, 
model. 

Regulus, i, m. Regulus. Marcus 
Atilius Regulus, a distinguished 
Roman consul taken prisoner by 
the Carthaginians in the first 
Punic war, (186). 

Religio, onis, f. Religion, obligation. 

Re-linquo, ere, llqui, Return. To 
leave, desert. 

Reliquiae, drum, f. pi. Remnant, 
those who escaped. 

Reliquus, a, um. The rest, remain¬ 
ing, the other. Reliquum est , it is 
left, it remains. 

Re-maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. To 
remain. 

Remedium, ii, n. Remedy. 

Reminiscor, ci, dep. To remem¬ 
ber. 

Re-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To 
send back. 

Re-moveo, ere, movi, mdtum. To 
take away, remove. 

Remus, i, m. Oar. 

Remus, i, m. Remus, the brother 
of Romulus, (152). 

Renovo, are, dvi, dtum, (re, novo). 
To renew. 


Re-nuntio, are, dvi, dtum. To re¬ 
port, announce. 

Repdro, are, dvi, dtum, (re, paro), 
To renew, repair. 

Re-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To re¬ 
pel, drive back. 

Repente, adv. Suddenly. 

Repentinus, a, um. Unexpected, 
sudden. 

Rcpcrio, Ire, peri, pertum, (re, pa- 
rio). To find. 

Re-pleo, ere, evi, Hum. To fill, fill 
again. 

Re-pono, ere, posui, positum. To re¬ 
place, restore, lay up. 

Re-porto, are, dvi, dtum. To gain, 
bear off. 

Reprehendo, ere, prehendi, prehen- 
sum, (re, prehendo). To blame, 
censure. 

Repudio, dre, dvi, dtum. To reject, 
divorce. 

Re-pugno, dre, dvi, dtum. To resist. 

Re-qulro, ere, quislvi or ii, quisltum 
(re, quaero). To seek, demand, 
require. 

Res, rei, f. Thing; affair; state ; 
deed, reality, battle; res gestae, 
exploits ; res publica, republic. 

Re-scribo , ere, scripsi, scriptum. To 
write back, reply in writing. 

Resideo, ere, sedi, (re, sedeo). To 
sit, remain, sit down. 

Rcsisto, ere, sfiti, sfltum. To op¬ 
pose, resist. 

Respectus, us, m. (respicio). Respect, 
regard. 

Respicio, dre, spexi, spectum, (re, spe* 
cio). To look back; regard, re¬ 
spect. 

Re-spondeo, ere , spondi, sponsum. 
To reply. 




198 


LATIN READER 


[Responsuh 


Responsum , i. n. (respondeo). An¬ 
swer, response. 

Aes publica, rei publicae , or respub- 
lica, reipubllcae, f. Republic. 
126. 

Re-spuo, ere , spai. To cast out, eject; 
reject, refuse, dislike. 

Restiluo , ere, stitui, stitutum , (re, 
statuo). To restore. 

Re-tardo , are, dri, atom. To detain, 
retard, check. 

Retineo , ere, tenturn , (re, 

teneo). To retain. 

Aeas, i, m. Criminal, defendant. 

Reverentia , ae, f. Reverence. 

Re-verto , ere, rerii, versum ; rever- 
tor , dep. To come back, return. 

Re-voco , are, dri, dtum. To recall. 

A«r, re^is, m. King. 

Rhea, ae , f. Rhea. AAea Silvia , 
the daughter of Numitor and the 
mother of Romulus and Remus, 
(152). 

Rhenus, i, m. The river Rhine, 
(208). 

Rhodanus , i, m. The river Rhone, 
in Gaul, (208). 

Rhodius, a, am, (Rhodos, toe island 
of Rhodes). Rhodian, of or be¬ 
longing to Rhodes. Rhodius , •«, 
m. A Rhodian, (143). 

Rideo, ere , si, swm. To laugh, to 
laugh at. 

Ripa, ae , f. Bank, as of a river. 

Rite , adv. Rightly, in due form. 

Robnr , oris, n. Strength. 

Robustus, a, «m, (robur). Robust, 
strong. 

Rogatio , dwis, f. (rogo). An asking, 
question; entreaty, request. 

Ao^o, are, avi, atom. To ask, ques¬ 
tion. 


Roma, f. Rome, (27). 

Romanus , a, wm, adj. (Roma). Ro¬ 
man ; subs. Romanus , i, m. a Ro 
man, (26). 

Romulus, i, m. Romulus, the foun¬ 
der of Rome, (154). 

Roscius, ii, m. Roscius-, a Roman 
name. Lucius Roscius, a cele¬ 
brated tribune of the people and 
friend of Cicero, (51). 

Rotundus, a, um. Round, sphe¬ 
rical. 

Rufus , i, m. Rufus, a Roman sur¬ 
name ; as, Publius Rutilius Rufus, 
(139). 

Rulna , ae, f. Ruin, fall. 

Rulllanus , i. m. Rullianus, a Ro¬ 
man name. Quintus Fabius Rul- 
lianus, master of the cavalry (ma- 
poster equitum) under the dicta¬ 
tor Papirius Cursor , (178). 

Rumpo y ere, rwjoi, ruptum. To 
bream 

Amo, ere, rai, ruXtum or rutum. To 
run, rush forth. 

Rupes , is, f. Rock, cliff. 

Rursus (or wm), adv. Back, again. 

Ams, ruris, n. Country, as opposed 
to city. 

Rusticus, i, m. Countryman, farm¬ 
er, peasant, husbandman. 

RutiliuSy iiy m. Rutilius, a Roman 
name. Publius Rutilius Rufus , 
a Roman consul, slain in the So¬ 
cial war, (139). 

S. 

S. An abbreviation for Sextus, Sp 
for Spurius. 

Sabini, drum, m. pi. The Sabines, a 
people of Italy, bordering upon 
Latium, (157). 




Scientia] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


199 


Sacer, sacrciy sacrum. Sacred. 

SacerdoSy otis , m. and f. (sacer). 
Priest, priestess. 

Sacrifidum, ii, n. Sacrifice. 

SacrOy are , dvi, atum, (sacer). To 
consecrate. 

Sacrum, i, n. Sacred rite or insti¬ 
tution; sacrifice. 

Saepe, ius, isslme, adv. Often. 

SaeviOy Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To rage, 
be cruel. 

Sagacltas, atis , f. Sagacity, acute¬ 
ness, shrewdness. 

SagaXy ads. Acute, sagacious. 

Sdgittay ac, f. Arrow. 

Saguntum, i, n. Saguntum, a town 
in Spain, on the Mediterranean, 
(189). 

Saguntini, drum , m. pi. The Sa- 
guntines, citizens of Saguntum, 
(189). 

Saldmis, is or inis, f. (acc. Salami- 
na)y or Salamlna, ae, f. The 
island of Salamis, off the coast of 
Attica, (217). 

Salubcr , bris, bre , (salus). Health¬ 
ful, salubrious. 

Salus, utis, f. Safety; Salus per¬ 
sonified, the Roman goddess, So¬ 
lus, (20, 7). 

Salutaris, e, (salus). Healthful, 
wholesome. 

Salato, are, dvi, atum , (salus). To 
salute. 

Salve, def. verb. Hail. See 297, III. 1. 

Salvus, a, um. Safe, unhurt. 

SamnlteSy ium , m. pi. The Sam- 
nites, the inhabitants of Samnium, 
in Italy, (178). 

Samus or Samos , i, f. The island 
Samos, on the coast of Asia 
Minor. 


Sancfe, ius, issime, (sanctus, sacred, 
pw'e), adv. Chastely, purely, 
conscientiously. 

Sanguis, inis, m. Blood. 

Sannio, onis, m. Sannio, a proper 
name, (35). 

Sapiens, entis. Wise ; subs, a wise 
man. 

Sapienter , ius, issXme, adv. (sapiens). 
Wisely. 

Sapientia , ae, f. (sapiens). Wisdom. 

Sapio, ere, Ivi or ui. To taste; to 
have sense, to know, understand, 
be wise. 

Sardes, ium, f. Sardis, the ancient 
capital of Lydia. 

Sardinia, ae , f. The island of Sar¬ 
dinia, west of Italy, (188). 

Satelles, ilis, m. and f. Lifeguard, 
attendant. 

Satio, are, dvi, atum. To fill, sa¬ 
tisfy, content. 

Satis, adv., adj., subs. Enough, suf¬ 
ficient, sufficiently; satis habere, 
to have enough, be content. 

Saturnia , ae, f. Satumia, the town 
and citadel built by Saturn, (148). 

Saturnus, i, m. Saturn, the most 
ancient king of Latium, (148). 

Saucius, a, um. Wounded, injured, 
hurt, sick, intoxicated. 

Saxum, i, n. Rock, stone. 

Scaevbla, ae, m. See Mucius, (172). 

Scelestus, a, um, (scelus). Wicked, 
criminal, infamous. 

Scelus, eris, n. Crime, wickedness. 

Scena, ae, f. Scene, stage. 

Schola, ae, f. Leisure devoted te 
learning; a place of learning, a 
school; a lecture, dissertation. 

Scientia, ae, f. (scio). Knowledge, 
science, skill, expertness. 



200 


LATIN READER. 


Scio, scire, scivi, scitum. To know, 

understand, have knowledge. 

Scipio , dnis, m. Scipio, the name 
of a distinguished Roman family. 
See Africdnus, (190). 

Scriba, ae, m. (scribo). Scribe, 
clerk. 

Scribo, ere, scripsi , scripium. To 
write, prepare. 

Scutum, i, n. Shield. 

Scythia , ae, f. Scythia, an extensive 
country in the north of Europe 
and Asia, (215). 

Scyihae, arum, m. pi. The Scythi¬ 
ans, (215). 

Se-cedo, ere, cessi, ceszum . To retire, 
withdraw. 

Secundum, adv., and prep, with acc. 
After, behind, next to; according 
to, by the side of, along. 

Secundus, a, um. Second, favorable, 
prosperous. 

Sed, conj. But. 

Sedccim, indec. (sex, decern). Six¬ 
teen. 

Sedeo, ere, sedi, sessum. To sit, stay. 

Scdes, is, f. Seat, abode, residence. 

Seditio, dnis, f. Quarrel, sedition. 

Seditiosus, a, um, (seditio). Muti¬ 
nous, seditious. 

Sedo, are, avi, atum. To allay, quiet. 

Segnu, e. Slothful, inactive. 

Segniter, ius, issime, adv. (segnis). 
Sbthfully. 

Sdcucia, ae, f. Seleucia, a city of 
Syria on the Orontes, (206). 

Semel, adv. Once. 

Sementis, is, f. Seed ; sowing. 

Semiammis, e. Half-alive, half-dead. 

Semper, adv. Always, ever. 

Sempiternus, a, um, (semper). Ever¬ 
lasting, imperishable. 


fScio 

Sempronius, ii, m. See Gracchus, 
(190). 

Senator, oris, m. (senex). Senator. 

Senatus, us, m. (senex). Senate. 

Senectus, ulis, f. (senex). Old age, age. 

Senesco, Ire, senui. To grow old, 

• become aged; senescens, eniis, be. 
coming old, aged. 

Senex, senis. Old, aged. 168, 3. 

Senex, senis, m. and f. An old man, 
an aged person. 

Senones, um, m. pi. The Senones, a 
powerful people in Gaul, (176). 

Sensim, adv. (sentio). Sensibly; 
slowly, gradually, by degrees. 

Sensm, us, m. Sensation, sense, 
perception. 

Sententia, ae, f. Opinion, sentence, 
sentiment, maxim, axiom, purpose, 
decision. 

Sentio, Ire, sensi, sensum. To per¬ 
ceive, feel, experience; think, 
judge. 

Sepelio, Ire, pellvi or ii, pultum. To 
bury: 

Sepio, ire, sepsi, septum. To guard, 
shelter. 

Septem, indecl. Seven. 

Septimus, a, um, (septem). Se¬ 
venth. 

Septingentesimus, a, um, (septin- 
genti). The seven hundredth. 

Septingenti, ae, a. Seven hundred. 

Septuagesimus, a, um, (septuaginta). 
Seventieth. 

Septuaginta, indecl. Seventy. 

Sepulcrum, i, n. (sepelio). Grave, 
tomb, sepulchre. 

Sepultura, ae, f. (sepelio). Burial. 

Sequani, drum, m. The Sequani, a 
Gallic people, dwelling on tbe 
river Sequana, (23, 15). 




SOCIETAS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


201 


Sequor, scqui, secutus sum , dep. To 
follow, succeed. 

Sergius, ii, m. See Calillna, (207). 

Sermo, onw, m. Speech, discourse, 
conversation. 

/Sm>, iws, issime , adv. (serus). Late, 
too late. 

Serpo , £re, scrpsi, serptum. To 
spread, extend. 

Serus, a , wm. Late. 

Servilius, ii, m. Servilius, a Roman 
name. 

Servio , ire, iri or ii, t^wm. To be a 
slave, to serve, be subject to. 

Scrvilus, utis , f. (servio). Servitude, 
slavery. 

Servius , «, m. Servius, a Romair 
name. Servius Tullius , the sixth 
king of Rome, (164). 

Servo , are,- avi, dtum. To observe, 
keep; preserve. 

Servus, i, m. Slave. 

/Slw. Whether; sew—sew, whether 
—or. 

/Ske, indecl. Six. 

Sexagesimus , a, w/w, (sexaginta). 
Sixtieth. 

Sexaginta , indecl. Sixty. 

Sexceniesunus , a, (sexcenti). Six 

hundredth. 

Sexcenti , ae, a. Six hundred. 

Sextus, a, um, (sex). Sixth. 

/S?, conj. If. 

/Si'e, adv. Thus, so. 

Siccus, a, um. Dry. 

Sicilia, ae, f. The island of Sicily, 
(185). 

iS£</ws, eris, n. A group of stars, a 
constellation. 

Significo, are, avi, Utum, (signum, 
facio). To show, indicate, mean, 
signify. 


Signum, i, n. Mark, sign, indica¬ 
tion, standard. 

Silentium, ii, n. Silence, stillness, 
quiet, repose. 

Sileo, ere, ui. To be silent, still, 
quiet; to pass over in silence, not 
to speak of. 

Silvia, ae, f. See Rhea, (152). 

Silvius, ii, m. Silvius, the name of 
several kings of Alba, the first of 
whom was the son of Aeneas, 
(150, 151). 

Simxlis, e. Similar, like. 163, 2. 

Similiter, ius, lime , adv. (similis). 
In like manner, similarly, in a 
similar way. 305, 2. 

Simonides, is, m. Simonides, a cele¬ 
brated lyric poet of Cea, (132). 

Simzd, adv. At the same time. 

Simiddtio, dnis, f. An assumed ap¬ 
pearance, pretence, simulation, de¬ 
ceit, hypocrisy. 

Sin, conj. But if. 

Sine, prep, with abl. Without. 

Singular is, e. Single, singular, re¬ 
markable. 

Sing ulus, a, um. Single, one by one. 

Sinister , ira, irum. Left, on the 
left. 

Sino, ere, sivi, situm. To permit; 
allow; situs, put, placed, situated. 

Sinus, us, m. Bosom, bay. 

Si-quis or siqui, siqua, siquid or si- 
quod, indef. pron. If any, if any 
one. 

Sitis, is, f. Thirst, desire. 

Sobrius, a, um. Sober, temperate, 
moderate, reasonable. 

Socer, eri, m. Father-in-law. 

Socialis, e, (socius). Social, friendly. 

Societas, atis, f. (socius). League, 
alliance, partnership, society. 



202 


LATIN READER. 


[Socius 


Socius, ii, m. Ally, confederate. 

Socrates , is, m. Socrates, a cele¬ 
brated Grecian philosopher, (20, 8). 

Sol, soils, m. Sun. 

Solemnis, e. Stated, established; 
religious, solemn. 

Solemniter, adv. (solemnis). Sol¬ 
emnly, in due form. 

Soleo, ere, Hits sum. To be accus¬ 
tomed, be wont. 271, 3. 

Solidus, a, um. Solid. 

Solitudo, mis, f. (solus). Solitude. 

Soliius, a, um, (soleo). Usual. 

Sollertia, ae, f. Sagacity, shrewd¬ 
ness. 

Solon, onis, m. Solon, a celebrated 
Athenian law-giver and one of the 
seven wise men of Greece, (128). 

Solum, adv. (solus). Only, alone. 

Solus, a, um. Alone. 151. 

Solutus, a, um, (solvo). Unrestrain¬ 
ed, dissolute. 

Solvo, ere, solvi, solaium. To loose, 
unbind; to pay. 

Somnio, are, avi, alum , (somnium). 
To dream. 

Somnium, ii, n. -Dream. 

Somnus, i, m. Sleep. 

Sonitus, us, m. (sono). Sound, noise. 

Sono, are, ui, Hum. To sound, ut¬ 
ter, speak, call, express, mean. 

Sonus, i, m. (sono). Sound. 

Sophocles, is and i, m. Sophocles, 
a celebrated Grecian tragic poet, 
(55). 

Sordidus, a, um. Sordid, soiled, 
filthy, base, mean. 

Soror, oris, f. Sister. 

Sors, sortis, f. Lot. 

Sparta, ae, f. Sparta, the capital of 
Laconia, in the Peloponnesus; 
also called Lacedaemon. 


Spartanus, a, um, adj. (Sparta). 
Spartan; subs. Spartanus, i, m., 
a Spartan, (222). 

Spartacus, i, m. Spartacus, a cele¬ 
brated gladiator who waged war 
against the Romans, (204). 

Spatium, ii, n. Space. 

Species, ei, f. Appearance, guise. 

Spectacalum, i, n. (specto). Specta¬ 
cle, show. 

Specto, are, avi, atum. To view, 
witness. Spectatus, a, um. Tried, 
proved, illustrious. 

Sperno, ere, sprevi, sprelum. To 
despise, reject, contemn, scorn, 
spurn. 

Spero, are, avi, atum. To expect, 
hope; flatter one’s self. 

Spes, ei, f. Hope. 

Spolio, are, avi, atum, (spolium). To 
rob ; spoil; despoil. 

Spolium, ii, n. Plunder, spoil, 
booty. 

Spontis, gen. sponte, abl. sing. Of 
or for himself, itself, of one’s own 
accord, on one’s own account, vo¬ 
luntarily, spontaneously. 

Spurius, ii, m. See Postumius and 
Lucretius. 

Stabilitas, atis , f. Immovability, 
steadfastness, stability. 

Stadium, ii, n. A stade or stadium, 

a measure equal to 606 English 
feet; race-course, race-ground. 

Statim, adv. (sto). At once, imme¬ 
diately. 

Statio, onis, f. (sto). Station, post; 
residence. 

Statua, ae, f. (statuo). Statue. 

Statuo, lire, ui, utum, (status, from 
sto). To determine; appoint, 
place. 





Sufficio] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


203 


Statura , ae, f. (status, from sto). 
Height, size of the body, stature. 

Status , us, ra. (sto). State, condition. 

Stella, ae, f. Star. 

SternOy trey strati, stratum. To 
prostrate. 

Slo, stare , steti, statum. To stand. 

Strages, is, f. Slaughter, defeat. 

Strangulo, are , avi , atom. To 
strangle. 

Strenue , adv. (strenuus). Vigor¬ 
ously, carefully. 

Strenuus, a , 24 m. Active, valiant. 

StudeOy ere , tu. To study, favor, be 
attached to ; to devote one’s self 
to; be zealous. 

Studiose, ius, issime , adv. (studio- 
sus). Diligently, earnestly. 

Studidsusy a , m, (studium). Eager, 
desirous, zealous; friendly, stu¬ 
dious. 

Studium, ii, n. Zeal, study, desire, 
pursuit. 

Stultitia, ae, f. (stultus). Folly, fool¬ 
ishness, simplicity. 

StultuSy a, um. Foolish, simple, 
silly. 

SuadeOy ere , suasi, suasurri. To ad¬ 
vise. 

Sub, prep, with acc. or abl. Under, 
at the foot of. 

Sub ducOy ere, duxi, ductum. To take 
away, withdraw. 

Svbigo, ere , egi, actum , (sub, ago). 
To subdue, conquer. 

Sublto, adv. (subitus, from subeo). 
Suddenly, unexpectedly. 

Sublime , adv. (sublimis). Aloft, 
loftily, on high. 

Sublimis, e. High, on high. 

Suh-mergOy Zre, mersi, mersum. To 
dip or plunge under; to sink, 
J 


overwhelm, submerge. Pass. To 
be overwhelmed, to sink. 

Sub-rideo, ere , rlsi, rlsum. To smile, 
laugh. 

Subsidium , ii , n. The reserve ; aid, 
reinforcement. 

Sub-siliOy Ire , silui and silii, (sub, 
salio). To leap or jump up, leap, 
jump. 

Sub-sum, esse, fui. To be at hand 
or near, be under. 

Subter , prep, with acc. or abl. Be¬ 
low, beneath, under. 

Sub-traho, 8re, traxi , tractum. To 

take away, remove, subtract. 

Sub-venio, Ire , veni, ventum. To 

come to; to aid, relieve. 

Sub-verto, ere , verti, versum. To 

overturn, overthrow, destroy, sub¬ 
vert. 

Succedo, ere , cessi, cessum , (sub, 
cedo). To succeed, come after. 

Successio, oris , f. (succedo). Suc¬ 

cession. 

Successor , dnis, m. (succedo). Suc¬ 
cessor. 

Successus, us, m. (succedo). Success. 

Suc-cumbOy ere , cubui, cubitum. To 
yield, submit to. 

Suffetuis, ii, m. Suffetius. Metius 
Suffetius, dictator of the Albans. 
Having been summoned to aid 
the Romans against the Veien- 
tines, he drew off his forces at the 
very moment of battle, and await¬ 
ed the issue of the engagement. 
For this perfidy he was put to 
death by order of Tullius Hosti- 
lius (160). 

Suffido, 8re, feci , fectum, (sub, fa- 
cio). To substitute; be sufficient, 
suffice. 



204 


LATIN READER. 


[SlJFFUNDO 


Suffundo , ere, fudi, fusum , (sub, 
fundo). To spread over, pour 
through; suffuse. 

Sui, sibi. Himself, herself, itself. 

Sulla, ae, m. Sulla, a distinguished 
Roman dictator and general, 
( 202 ). 

Sum, esse, fui. To be, 

Summa , ae, f. (summus). Supreme 
power. 

Summoveo, ere, movi, motum, (sub, 
moveo). To remove, displace, 

Summus. See Superus. 

Sumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To 
take, inflict. 

Sumptus, us, m. (sumo). Expense, 
cost. 

Super , prep, with ace. or abl. Over, 
above, upon; of, concerning, at, 
at the time of. 

Superbia, ae, f. (superbus). Pride, 
haughtiness. 

Superbus , a, um . Proud. 

Superbus, i, m. Superbus, the sur¬ 
name of Tarquin, the last king of 
Rome, (167). 

Supero, are, dvi, dtum, (sup&rus). 
To surpass; conquer; pass by, 
cross. 

Superstitio, onis, f. (supersto). Su¬ 
perstition. 

Super-sum, esse, fui. To remain, be 
left, survive. 

SupVrus, a, um ; comp, superior; 
superl. supremus or summus. 
High, above; past, former. 163, 

3. 

Super-venio, ire, vcni, vcntum. To 
come to, surprise. 

Supplementum, i, n. Supplies, re¬ 
inforcement. 

Supplex , \cis, (sub, plico). Humbly 


begging, submissive, beseeching, 
suppliant; subs, a suppliant. 

Suppliciurn, ii, n. Punishment. 

Supra, prep, with acc. Above, 
upon. 

Supremus. See Superus. 

Surripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (sub, 
rapio). To snatch away; to steal, 
pilfer, purloin. 

Suscipio, ere, clpi, ceptum, (sub, ca- 
pio). To bear, endure ; receive; 
undertake, engage in. 

Suspendo, ere, pen di, pensum, (sub, 
pendo). To suspend, hang up. 

Suspensus, a, um, (suspendo). Un¬ 
certain, undecided; anxious. 

Suspicio, onis, f. (suspicor). Suspi¬ 
cion. 

Suspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (sub, 
specio). To suspect. 

Suspicor, ari, dtus sum , (suspicio), 
dep. To suspect. 

Sustento , are, dvi, atum, (sustineo). 

- To hold up, support, sustain; en¬ 
dure, suffer; delay. 332, I. 

Sustineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (sub, 
teneo). To sustain, withstand; 
endure, endure the thought of. 

Suus, a, um. His, her, its, their; 
pi. often, one’s party, friends. 

Syracusae, drum, f. pi. Syracuse, a 
city in Sicily, (185). 

Syracusani, drum, m. pi. The Sy¬ 
racusans, the citizens of Syra¬ 
cuse, (223). 

T. 

T\ An abbreviation of Titus. 

Tabernaculum, i, n. Tent. 

Taceo, ere, tacui, taciturn. To be 
silent, not to speak, to pass over 
in silence. 



Tkrritoeium] LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 


205 


Tacitus , a, um. Silent, secret, tacit. 

Tactus, us, m. Touch. 

Taedet, ere, taeduit or laesum est, im- 
pers. It disgusts, wearies. 

Talentum , i, n. Talent, sum of 
money, somewhat more than 
$ 1 , 000 . 

Talis, e, such. 

Tam. So; tam — quam, so—as. 

Tamen, conj. Yet, nevertheless. 

Tametsi, conj. (tamen, etsi). Not¬ 
withstanding that, although, 
though. 

Tanaquil, ills, f. Tanaquil, the wife 
of Tarquinius Priscus, (165). 

Tandem , adv. At length. 

Tanquam } adv. As, just as. 

Tantum. Only. 

Tantus, a , um. Such, so great, so 
much; tanti esse } to be worth the 
while. 

Tarentum , i, n. Tarentum, a town 
of Lower Italy, (184). 

Tarentlni, drum , m. pi. The Taren- 
tines, the inhabitants of Taren¬ 
tum, (180). 

Tarpeia, ae, f. Tarpeia, a Roman 
maiden, who betrayed the citadel 
of Rome to the Sabines, (156). 

Tarpeius, ii, m. Tarpeius, one of 
the seven hills of Rome, also call¬ 
ed Capitollnus. The Capitol was 
erected upon it. Afterwards the 
term Tarpeius was applied to 
the southern summit of the hill, 
(167). 

Tarquinii, arum, m. pi. Tarquinii, 
an ancient town of Etruria, (49, 
10 ). 

Tarquinius, ii, m. Tarquin, the 
name of the fifth king of Rome 
and of his descendants, as Tar- 
10 


quinius Super bus, the last king 
of Rome; and Tarquinius Collar 
tinus, the colleague of Brutus in 
the consulship, (169). 

Tectum , i, n. (tego). Covering, roof; 
house, edifice. 

Tego, ere, texi, tectum. To cover. 

Telum , i, n. Weapon. 

Temere , adv. Rashly. 

Temerltas, atis, f. Rashness, indis¬ 
cretion, temerity. 

Tempestas, atis, f. (tempus). Time ; 
tempest, storm. 

Tempestlve , adv. (tempestivus, time¬ 
ly). Seasonably, just at the time, 
opportunely. 

Templum, i,, n. Temple. 

Tempus, oris, n. Time. Tempura, 
times, seasons, events. 

Temulentus , a, um. Drunk, intoxi¬ 
cated. 

Teneo , ere , ui, tentum. To hold, 
keep, occupy; obtain, retain, as in 
the memory. 

Tento, are , dvi, alum , (tendo). To 
try; attack. 332, I. 

Tenus, prep, with abl. Up to, as 
far as. 

Terentius , ii, m. See Varro, (191). 

Ter-geminus, a, um. Threefold; 
tergemini, three brothers born at 
a birth. 

Tergum, i, n. Back. 

Termxno, are, dvi , dtum , (terminus). 
To limit, bound. 

Terminus , i, m. Limit, boundary; 
end. 

Terra, ae, f. Earth, land, country. 

Terreo , ere, ui, %turn. To terrify. 

Terrester, Iris, Ire, (terra). Terres¬ 
trial, on land, land (as adj.). 

Territorium , ii, n. Territory. 




206 


LATIN READER 


[Terror 


Terror oris, m. (terreo). Terror, 
alarm; fear of. 

Tertius, a , urn. Third. 

Testamentum, i, n. Testament, will. 

Testis, is, m. and f. Witness. 

Testor, dri, dtus sum, (testis). To 
affirm ; call to witness. 

Testiido , inis, f. Tortoise. 

Thales, is, m. Thales, a celebrated 
Grecian philosopher of Miletus, 
one of the seven wise men, (114). 

Thedtrum, i, n. Theatre. 

Thebae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the 
capital of Boeotia in Greece, (230). 

Thebanus , a, um, adj. (Thebae). 
Theban, (229); subs. Thebanus, 
i , m., a Theban. 

Theleslnus, i, m. See Pontius, 
(28, 10). 

Themistocles, is, m. Themistocles, 
a celebrated Athenian commander, 
(132—134). 

Theocritus, i, m. Theocritus, a ce¬ 
lebrated Grecian poet, (130). 

Theophrastus, i, m. Theophrastus, 
a Grecian philosopher, a disciple 
of Plato and Aristotle, (129). 

Thermopylae, arum, f. pi. Thermo¬ 
pylae, the famous defile or pass 
between Locris and Thessaly, 
where Leonidas fell, (218). 

Thcssalia, ae, f. The country of 
Thessaly, in Greece, south of Ma¬ 
cedonia, (210). 

Thessdlus, a, um, adj. Thessalian; 
subs. Thessalus, i, m., a Thessa¬ 
lian, (243)*. 

Thessdlus, i, m. Thessalus, a native 
of Thesprotia, in Epirus, who is 
said to have formed a settlement 
in Thessaly, and to have given his 
name to the country. 


Thorax, acis, m. Breastplate, coafr 
of-mail, corselet. 

Thracia, ae, f. The country of 
Thrace, east of Macedonia, (231). 

Thrasybulus, i, m. Thrasybulus, an 
Athenian who liberated the city 
from the Thirty Tyrants, (136, 
228). 

Thucydides , is, m. Thucydides, a 
celebrated Greek historian, (77). 

TibSris, is, m. The river Tiber, in 
Italy, (153). 

Tiberius, ii, m. Tiberius, the second 
Roman emperor, (145). 

Ticinus, i, m. Ticinus, a river in 
Cisalpine Gaul, famous for the 
victory of Hannibal over the Ro¬ 
mans, (190, 194). 

Tigranes, is, m. Tigranes, son-in- 
law of Mithridates and king of Ar¬ 
menia, (205). 

Timeo, ere, ui. To fear. 

Timidus, a, um, (timeo). Cowardly, 
timid. 

Timoleon, ontis, m. Timoleon, a 
Corinthian general, (51). 

Timotheus, ei, m. Timotheus, an 
Athenian general, son of Conon, 
(49, 12). 

Tintinnabulum, i, n. Bell. 

Tiresias, ae, m. Tiresias, a cele¬ 
brated blind soothsayer of Thebes, 
(24, 11). 

Tissaphernes, is, m. Tissaphernes, 
a distinguished Persian satrap of 
Lower Asia, under Darius ; after¬ 
wards general in the service of 
Artaxerxes, (225). 

Titus, i, m. Titus, a Roman em¬ 
peror, (141), See also Quinctius , 
(177). 

Tollo, ere , sustdli } syhldtum. Tq 



TrigintaJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 


207 


raise, take up, elate ; take away ; 
destroy; discard. 

Tondeo , ere , totondi , tonsum. To 
shear, clip, crop; graze, browse; 
pluck, gather. 

Torquatus , i, m. Torquatus, sur¬ 
name of Titus Manlius aud his 
descendants, (1'7'7). 

TorquiSy is , m. and f. Collar, chain 
for the neck. 

Toty indecl. So many. 

Totideniy indecl. Just as many, the 
same number. 

TotiiSy urn. All, the whole, some¬ 
times best rendered by adv. wholly, 
entirely. 151, 443. 

TractOy are, avi, alum. To use, 
treat, manage. 

Tradoy ere, dtdi, ditum, (trans, do). 
To deliver, give, consign to; also 
to relate, say; tradltur (when 
impers.), it is said. 

TraducOy ere , duxi } ductumy (trans, 
duco). To lead across, transport. 

Tragoediay ae, f. Tragedy. 

Tragoedus, i, m. Tragedian. 

TrahOy ere, traxi, tractum. To draw; 
protract j delay, detain, derive, 
influence. 

TrajiciOy ere, jeci, jectum } (trans, 
jacio). To throw over; to cross ; 
conduct over, lead over. 

TranOy are, avi, atum, (trans, no). 
To swim over. 

Trans, prep, with acc. Across, be¬ 
yond. 

Trans-duco =traduco. 

Trans-eOy ire f ivi or ii, itum. To go 
over, to cross. 295, 3. 

Trans-fcrOy ferre, tuli, latum. To 
transport, transfer, translate. 

Trans-fxgo, ere, fxi, Jvxum. To 


transfix, to thrust through, to 
pierce through. 

Transgredior , gredi, gressus sum } 
dep. (trans, gradior). To go or 
pass over. 

TransigOy ere, egi, actum , (trans, 
ago). To accomplish, finish, pass, 
spend. 

TransiliOy trey m, ii or m, (trans, 
salio). To leap or pass over. 

TransituSy us, m. (transeo). Passage. 

Trans-marinuSy tty um. Transma¬ 
rine, over the sea. 

Trans-no =trano. 

Trans-portOy are, avi , alum. To 
carry or convey from one place to 
another, carry across, transport. 

TrasimenuSy i, m. Lake Trasime- 
nus in Etruria, (190). 

Trebia, ae , f. The river Trcbia in 
Cisalpine Gaul, (190). 

Trecentesimus, a, um , (trecenti). The 
three hundredth. 

Trecenti , ae, a. Three hundred. 

Tredccim , indecl. Thirteen. 

TremOy #re, tremui. To shake, 
quake, tremble, quiver. 

TrepiduSy a, um. Alarmed, in 
terror. 

TreSy tria. Three. 

TribunuSy i, m. Tribune. 

TribuOy ere, ui, uium. To bestow, 
impute, award. 

Tributarius, a, um. Tributary. 

Tributum , i, n. (tribuo). Tax, 
tribute. 

Tricesimus, a, um. The thirtieth. 

Trienniumy ii , n. The space of 
three years, three years. 

T tergeminus. 

Trigesimus =tricesimus. 

Triginta , indecl. Thirty. 



208 


LATIN READER. 


[Tkiplex 


Triplex, ids. Triple, threefold. 

Tripudio, are, dvi. To leap, dance. 

Tripm , ddis, m. Tripod. 

Triremis, is, f. (tres, remus). Galley 
with three banks of oars. 

Triremis, e, adj. Having three banks 
of oars. 

Tristis, e. Sad. 

Triumpho, are, dvi, alum, (tri- 
umphus). To triumph, have a 
triumphal procession. 

Triumphus, i, m. Triumph. 

Troezen, enis, f. (acc. Troezcna). 
Troezen, an ancient city of Argo- 
lis, (217). 

Troja, ae, f. JThe city of Troy, (33,6). 

Trojani, orum, m. pi. (Troja). The 
Trojans, (149). 

Trojdnus, a, um , (Troja). Trojan, 
(236). 

Tropaeum, i, n. Trophy, victory. 

Trucldo, are, dvi, alum, (trux, cae- 
do). To slay, massacre, 

Trux, trucis. Fierce, stern. 

Tu, tui. Thou, you. 

Tuba, ae, f. Trumpet. 

Tubicen, inis, m. Trumpeter. 

Tueor, Iri, tuitus or tutus sum, dep. 
To look upon; preserve, defend. 

Tidlia, ae, f. Tullia, the daughter 
of Servius Tullius, and wife of 
Tarquinius Superbus, (166). 

Tullius, ii, m. See Servius, (164). 

Tullus, i, m. See Hostilius, (160). 

Turn. Then; turn — turn, not only 
—but also; both—and. 

Tumultuo, are, dvi, dtum, (tumultus). 
To make a noise or tumult. 

Tumultus, us, m. Tumult, sedition. 

Tumulus, i, m. Tomb, grave. 

Tune, adv. Then; tunc tempdris, 
then. 396, 2, 4. 


Tunica, ae, f. Tunic, coat, a gar¬ 
ment worn under the toga. 

Turba, ae, f. Crowd, throng, mul¬ 
titude. 

Turbo, are, dvi, dtum, (turba). To 
disturb, throw into confusion. 

Turgesco, ere, turgui. To swell, to 
swell with passion. 

Turpiter, ius, issime, adv. (turpis, 
base). Basely, disgracefully, in 
disgrace. 

Turris, is, f. Tower. 

Tusculum, i, n. Tusculum, an an¬ 
cient town in Latium, (172). 

Tutor, oris, m. Tutor, guardian. 

Tutus, a, um. Safe. 

Turn, a, um, adj. pron. (tu). Thy, 
thine, your, yours. 

Tyrannis, idis, f. (tyrannus). Ty¬ 
ranny. 

Tyrannus, i, m. Tyrant, monarch, 

U 

Tiber, ?ris, n. Udder, dug. 

Ubertas, atis, f. Richness, fertility. 

Ubi, adv. Where, when, sometimes 
interrog. 

TTbii, drum, m. pi. The Ubii, an 
ancient Germanic people dwelling 
on the Rhine, (94). 

Ubinam, adv. Where, in what part 
of? 

Ubique. Everywhere. 

Ullus, a, um. Any, any one. 151. 

Ulterior, us ; superl. ultlmus. Fur¬ 
ther, more remote; superl. last. 
166. 

Ultio, onis, f. Revenge. 

Ultra, adv., and prep, with acc. Be¬ 
yond, more than. 

Ultro, adv. Voluntarily, of one’s 
own accord. 




Vasto] 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 


209 


Ululo, drey dvi, alum. To howl, to 
cry aloud, to shriek. 

Umbra, ae t f. Shade, shadow. 

Unde, adv. Whence, also intcrrog. 
whence ? 

Undecim, indecl. Eleven. 

Undequinquagintay indccl. Forty- 
nine. 

Undevicesimus, a, um. Nineteenth. 

Undique, adv. From all quarters 
or sides. 

Unguentum, i, n. Ointment, per¬ 
fume. 

UnguiSy is , m. Nail, claw, talon. 

Ungula, ae, f. Claw, talon, hoof. 

UniversuSy ay um. Whole, entire; 
all together. 

Unquamy adv. At any time, 
ever. 

UnuSy a , um. One, alone. 175. 

Unus-quisque, unaquaeque, etc. 
(unus, quisque, both parts de¬ 
clined). Each, each one. 

UrbSy urbiSy f. City. 

UrgeOy ere, ursi. To urge, drive; 
press upon. 

Usquey adv. So far as; usque ad, 
even to; usque eo, to such an 
extent. 

UsurpOy are, avi, dtum. To usurp, 
assume. 

UsuSy us, m. Use, service; expe¬ 
rience ; need. 

Ut or uti, conj. That, as; after 
verbs of fearing , that not. 

Utcumque or utcunque, adv. How¬ 
ever, somewhat. 

Uter, tra,trum, adj. Which? which 
of the two? 151. 

Uterque, utrdque , utrumque , like 
uter. Both, each. 151, 4. 

UtXliSy e. UsefuL 


UtiUtas, atiSy f. (utilis). Utility, ser¬ 
vice, advantage. 

Utor, uti, usus sum. To use. 

Utrimque or utrinque, adv. On both 
sides. 

Utrum, in double questions. Whe¬ 
ther. 

Uva, ae, f. A bunch of grapes, a 
grape. 

Uxor, oris, f. Wife. 

V 

Vaco, are, dvi, dtum. To be empty, 
vacant, to have leisure for; be 
free from. 

Vacuus, a, um. Vacant, empty, 
free from. 

Vadum, i, n. Ford, shallow water. 

Vagitus, us, m. Crying. 

Vagor, ari, atus sum. To wander 
about. 

Vagus, a, um. Wandering, doubt¬ 
ful, uncertain, vague. 

Valeo, ere , ui, itum. To have 
strength, avail, be well. 

Valerius, ii, m. Valerius, a Roman 
name. See Publicdla , Laevlnus , 
(169, 180). 

Valetudo, inis. i. (valeo). Habit, 
state of the body, health, state of 
health. 

Vanus, a, um. Empty, vain, false. 

Varietas, dlis, f. (varius). Variety, 
change. 

Varius, a, um. Various. 

Varro, onis, m. Varro, a Roman 
name. Cairn Terentius Varro , a 
Roman consul defeated at Can¬ 
nae, (191). 

Vas, vasis, n. Vessel, dish, vase. 

Vasto, are, dvi, dtum, (vastus). To 
lay waste, devastate, pillage. 




210 


LATIN READER. 


[Vastus 


Vastus, a, um, Waste, desert, vast. 

Vates, is, m. and f. Prophet, pro¬ 
phetess. 

Vectlgal , dlis, n. Tax, income, 
revenue. 

Veho, ere, vexi, vectum. To carry, 
bear. 

Veientes, um, or Veientdni, orum, m. 
pi. The Veientians, or Veien- 
tines, the inhabitants of Veii in 
Etruria, (175). 

Vel , conj. Or, even ; vel — vel, 
either—or. 

Velox, 6cis. Swift, rapid, fleet. 

Vel-ut, or vel-uti, adv. As, like as, 
as if. 

Vendlis, e. To be sold, for sale, 
purchasable. 

Vendo, ere, didi, ditum. To sell; 
sub corona vendere, to sell as 
slaves. 

Venenum, i, n. Poison. 

Venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To come. 

Venor, ari, atus sum, dep. To 
hunt, chase, pursue. 

Venter, iris, m. Belly, stomach. 

Ventus, i, m. Wind. 

Venus, eris, f. Venus, the goddess 
of love, (28). 

Verbum, i, n. Word. 

Vereor, eri, veritus sum, dep. To 
fear, to be afraid. 

Veritas , dtis, f. Truth. 

Vero, adv. and conj. (verus). Truly, 
indeed; but. 

Verres , is, m. Verres, a Roman 
name. Cairn Cornelius Verres 
rendered himself notorious by his 
abuse of power in Sicily, (43). 

Verso, are, dvi, atum, or versor, dep. 
(verto). To turn; busy one’s self, 
be occupied with. 332, I. 2. 


Versus, us, m. A verse. 

Vertex, icis, m. (verto). Summit* 
top. 

Verto, %re, verti, versum. To turn. 

Verum, conj. But. 

Verus, a, um. True, real. 

Vescor, vcsci. To enjoy, feed upon, 
live upon, to eat. 

Vesper, eris or eri, m. Evening. 

Vespera, ae, f. Evening. 

Vesperasco, ere, vesperdvi , (vesper). 
To become evening. 

Vesta, ae, f. Vesta, the goddess of 
the hearth, to whom a perpetual 
fire was kept burning, (152). 

Vestalis, e, adj. (Vesta). Vestal, re¬ 
lating to Vesta, (162). 

Vester, tra, trum. Your. 

Vestibulum , i, n. Vestibule, en¬ 
trance. 

Vestio, ire, ivi, itum, (vestis). To 
clothe. 

Vestis, is, f. Garment. 

Veter anus, a, um, (vetus). Vete¬ 
ran. 

Veto, are, ui, itum. To forbid. 

Veturia, ae, f. Veturia, the mother 
of Coriolanus, (174). 

Veturius, ii, m. Veturius, a Roman 
name. Titus Veturius, a Roman 
consul defeated by the Samnites 
at the Caudine Forks, (179). 

Veins, eris. Old, of long standing, 
ancient. 

Vctustas, dtis, f. (vetus). Antiquity, 
age. 

Vetustus, a, um. Old, ancient. 

Via, ae, f. Way. 

Viator, oris, m. Traveller. 

Vicesimus, a, um. Twentieth. 

Vicinus, a, um. Neighboring. 

Vicis, gen. f. Change, reverse, al* 



VdltusJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 


2U 


temation, requital; fate, fortune; 
in vicem or vicem, in turn, place. 
133, 1. 

Vicissitudo , inis, f. (vicis). Change, 
alternation, vicissitude, succes¬ 
sion. 

Victor, oris , m. (vinco). Con¬ 
queror. 

Victoria, ae, f. Victory. 

Ficfns, a, nm, part, (vinco). Con¬ 
quered, vanquished. 

Vicus, i, m. Village. 

Video, ere , di, sum. To see; pass, 
videor , etc., to be seen; to seem. 

Vigeo, ere, ni. To flourish, thrive, 
be in force. 

Vigilantia, ae, f. Wakefulness, vi¬ 
gilance. 

Viginti , indec. Twenty. 

Vilis, e. Low, cheap, base, vile. 

Vincio , ire, vinxi, mnetum. To 
bind. 

Vinco , ere, vici, victum. To con¬ 
quer. 

Vinculum or vinclum, i, n. Fetter, 
chain. 

Vindex, icis, m. and f. Defender. 

Vindico, are, avi, alum. To claim; 
rescue, defend; punish, avenge. 

Vinolentus, a, um, (vinum). Full of 
wine, intoxicated with wine. 

Vinum, i, n. Wine. 

Violo, are, avi, atum. To violate, do 
violence to; profane, harm. 

Vir, viri, m. Man, hero, husband. 

Virga, ae, f. Rod, twig. 

Virgo, mis, f. Virgin, maiden. 

Virgula , ae, f. Small rod, rod. 

Virtus, utis, f. (vir). Manliness, 
bravery, virtue. 

Vis, vis, f.; pi. vires. Power, strength, 
force; forces,* abundance. 


Viscus, eris, n. Vitals, bowels. 

Viso, ere, si, sum. To view, see, 
visit. 

Vita, ae, f. Life. 

Vitis, is, f. Vine. 

Vitium, ii, n. Fault, vice, crime. 

Vituptiro, are, avi, atum. To cen¬ 
sure, blame, find fault with. 

Vivo, ere, vixi, victum. To live. 

Vivus, a, um. Living, alive. 

Vocabulum, i, n. Designation, name, 
word. 

Voco, are, avi, atum, (vox). To 
call, name. 

Volo, are, avi, ettum. To fly. 

Volo, velle, volui, irreg. To will, be 
willing, wish, desire; sibi velle, to 
mean. 293; 389, 2. 

Volsci, brum, m. pi. The Volsci or 
VolscianSgla people of Latium, 

(mv 

Volucer, cris, ere,, (volo). Flying, 
winged ; swift, rapid; | subs, a 
bird. 

Volumnia, ae, f. Volumnia, the 
wife of Coriolanus, (174). 

Voluntarius, a, um, (voluntas). Vo¬ 
luntary, willing, spontaneous. 

Voluntas, Utis, f. (volo). Wish, in¬ 
clination, good will. 

Voluptas, dtis, f. Pleasure. 

Voveo, ere, vovi,. votum. To vow, 
dedicate, consecrate. 

Vox, vocis, f. • Voice, word. 

Vulgus, i, n. Populace, common 
people. 

VuInSro, are, avi, atum, (vulnus). 
To wound. 

Vulnus, eris, n. Wound. 

Vulpes, is, f. Fox. 

Vulius, us, m. Countenance. 



21 2 


LATIN READER. 


[X 


X 

Xanthippus , i, m. Xanthippus, a 
Spartan commander, who took 
Regulus prisoner in the first Punic 
war, (186). 

t Xerxes , is , m. Xerxes, a celebrated 
Persian king, (137, 217). 
Xenophon , ontfis, m. Xenophon, a 


Greek historian, and the leader of 
the Greeks in the famous retreat 
of the ten thousand, (142). 

Z 

Zama , ae, f. Zama, a town of Nu* 
midia, in Africa, famous for the 
victory of Scipio over Hannibal, 
(196). 




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